Daya daga cikin Mafi mashahuri motar motsa jiki shine 28BYJ-48. Bayan labarin da aka buga a cikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon, ya kamata ya rigaya ya sani duk abin da kuke buƙata game da wannan nau'in injin na daidaito wanda zaku iya sarrafa juyawa don ya ci gaba a hankali ko ya kasance tsaye a matsayin da kuke so. Wannan yana basu damar samun dimbin aikace-aikace, daga masana'antu, zuwa na mutum-mutumi, ta hanyar wasu da yawa da zaku iya tunani akansu.
28BYJ-48 karami ne unipolar irin stepper mota, kuma mai sauqin hadewa tare da Arduino, tunda yana da samfurin ULN2003A mai direba / mai sarrafawa wanda galibi ake hada shi dashi. Duk don farashi mai arha sosai da ƙimar madaidaiciya. Hakanan waɗancan sifofi suna sanya shi manufa don fara fara amfani da waɗannan na'urori.
28BYJ-48 Fasali
Motar 28BN-498 Motar stepper ce wacce ke da halaye masu zuwa:
- Tipo: stepper motar ko unipolar stepper
- Fannoni: 4 (cikakken mataki), tunda akwai huɗu 4 a ciki.
- Resistance: 50 Ω.
- Injin karfin juyi: 34 N / m, ma'ana, idan aka wuce Newton a kowace mita zuwa Kg, zai zama mai ƙarfi daidai da sanya kusan 0.34 Kg a kowace cm akan igiyar. Ya isa ya ɗaga tare da motsawa kawai sama da rubu'in kilo.
- AmfaniSaukewa: 55MA
- Matakai a kowane gwiwa: 8 na nau'in mataki na rabi (45º kowanne)
- Hadakar gearbox: ee, 1/64, saboda haka ya raba kowane mataki zuwa ƙananan 64 domin mafi daidaito, saboda haka, ya kai matakai 512 na 0.7º kowanne. Ko kuma ana iya ganin ta azaman cikakken matakai 256 a kowane juzu'i (cikakken mataki).
Cikakke ko rabi matakai, ko cikakke da rabi matakai, sune hanyoyin da zaku iya aiki a ciki. Idan kun tuna, a cikin labarin akan matatar stepper na ce misalin lambar Arduino IDE tayi aiki sosai.
Don ƙarin bayani, za ku iya zazzage bayanan bayananku, ta yaya misali wannan. Game da pinout, ba lallai bane ku damu da yawa, kodayake kuma kuna iya ganin bayanai a cikin takaddun samfurin da kuka siya. Amma wannan kankare yana da haɗin da zai baka damar haɗa dukkan igiyoyi a lokaci ɗaya, ba tare da damuwa da rarrabuwar kai ko inda kowannensu ya tafi ba, kawai saka cikin mai sarrafawa da voila ...
Amma ga mai sarrafa motar ko direban da aka haɗa a cikin wannan motar ta 28BYJ-48, kuna da da ULN2003A, ɗayan mashahurai kuma waɗanda zaku iya amfani dasu tare da Arduino a sauƙaƙe. Tana da tarin transistors na Darlington da ke tallafawa har zuwa 500mA kuma yana da fil na haɗi don haɗa huɗu 4 tare da fil na akwatin Arduino da aka ƙidaya daga IN1 zuwa IN4, kamar yadda kuka gani a cikin matatar motar stepper ɗin da na ambata a sama. Daga Arduino, zaka iya samun wayoyi daga fil 5v da GND zuwa biyun biyun akan allon matukin motar da aka yiwa alama - + (5-12v) don bawa allon jirgi da matukin stepper wuta.
Af, tare da Darlington transistors An ba shi izinin yin amfani da transistors bipolar biyu haɗe tare kuma suna aiki azaman transistor ɗaya. Wannan yana haɓaka ribar siginar a cikin sakamakon 'transistor' guda ɗaya, kuma yana ba da damar ɗaukewar igiyoyin ruwa da ƙarfi.
El Darlington biyu, kamar yadda sanannen "transistor" wanda aka ƙirƙira ta haɗuwa da transistors bipolar guda biyu. Ya samo asali ne a Bell Labs a 1952, na Sidney Darlington, saboda haka sunan sa. Wadannan transistors din suna hade ne ta yadda NPN guda daya ke da mai karbarsa da mai tara bayanan na NPN na biyu. Yayinda mai bayarwa na farko yake zuwa tushe na biyu. Wato, sakamakon sakamakon transistor ko biyu yana da haɗi uku azaman transistor ɗaya. Tushen transistor na farko da mai tarawa / emitter na transistor na biyu ...
Inda zan sayi motar
da zaka iya samu a shaguna da yawa na musamman a fannin lantarki, da kuma yanar gizo kamar Amazon. Misali, zaka iya siyan su a:
- Kusan € 6 zaka iya samun 28BYJ-48 injin tare da injin direba.
- Babu kayayyakin samu. da igiyoyi don haɗin ta, idan kuna buƙatar sama da mota guda ɗaya don robot ko aikin da kuke yi ...
Shiryawa 28BYJ-48 tare da Arduino
Da farko dai, ya kamata zama bayyananne game da dabarun motar stepper, don haka ina baku shawara karanta labarin Hwlibre akan waɗannan abubuwa. Waɗannan injunan ba a tsara su don a ci gaba da ciyar da su ba, amma don rarraba su a cikin matakan su ta yadda za su ci gaba kawai digiri da muke so. Don motsa fasalin da kuma sarrafa juyawar shaft, lallai ne ku ciyar da kowane haɗin da kyau.
Maƙerin ya bada shawarar tuki kebul 2 a lokaci guda.
- Don yin shi aiki a iyakar karfin juyi, tare da mafi sauri sauri da kuma iyakar amfani, zaka iya amfani da wannan tebur:
| Paso | Nada A | Nada B | Nada C | Nada D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Babban | Babban | LOW | LOW |
| 2 | LOW | Babban | Babban | LOW |
| 3 | LOW | LOW | Babban | Babban |
| 4 | Babban | LOW | LOW | Babban |
- Don motsa motsawa kawai a lokaci guda, kuma sanya shi aiki a cikin yanayin tuki (har ma na rabi, amma ƙananan amfani), zaku iya amfani da tebur mai zuwa:
| Paso | Nada A | Nada B | Nada C | Nada D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Babban | LOW | LOW | LOW |
| 2 | LOW | Babban | LOW | LOW |
| 3 | LOW | LOW | Babban | LOW |
| 4 | LOW | LOW | LOW | Babban |
- Ko don ci gaba rabin matakai, zaku iya amfani da wannan don cimma madaidaicin juyawa cikin matakan da suka fi guntu:
| Paso | Nada A | Nada B | Nada C | Nada D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Babban | LOW | LOW | LOW |
| 2 | Babban | Babban | LOW | LOW |
| 3 | LOW | Babban | LOW | LOW |
| 4 | LOW | Babban | Babban | LOW |
| 5 | LOW | LOW | Babban | LOW |
| 6 | LOW | LOW | Babban | Babban |
| 7 | LOW | LOW | LOW | Babban |
| 8 | LOW | LOW | LOW | Babban |
Kuma kuna iya tunani ... menene wannan ya shafi shirin Arduino? Gaskiya gaskiyar ita ce da yawa, tunda zaka iya ƙirƙirar matrix ko tsararru tare da ƙimomin da ke cikin Arduino IDE ta yadda motar zata motsa kamar yadda kake so, sannan kayi amfani da tsararrun da aka faɗi a cikin madauki ko lokacin da kake buƙata ... La'akari da cewa LOW = 0 da HIGH = 1, ma'ana, rashin ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki, zaka iya ƙirƙirar siginonin da Arduino dole ne ka aika zuwa mai sarrafa don fitar da motar. Misali, don ɗaukar matakan matsakaici zaka iya amfani da lambar don matrix:
int Paso [ 8 ][ 4 ] =
{ {1, 0, 0, 0},
{1, 1, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 1, 1},
{0, 0, 0, 1},
{1, 0, 0, 1} };
Wannan, don cikakken lambar zane Daga Arduino IDE, zaku iya amfani da wannan misalin don gwada yadda motar stepper 28BYJ-48 take aiki. Tare da shi, zaku iya juya sandar motar da zarar kun haɗa duka zane yadda ya dace. Gwada gwada ƙimomin ko canza lambar don aikace-aikacen da kuke buƙata a cikin lamarinku:
// Definir pines conectados a las bobinas del driver
#define IN1 8
#define IN2 9
#define IN3 10
#define IN4 11
// Secuencia de pasos a par máximo del motor. Realmente es una matriz que representa la tabla del unipolar que he mostrado antes
int paso [4][4] =
{
{1, 1, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 1, 1},
{1, 0, 0, 1}
};
void setup()
{
// Todos los pines se configuran como salida, ya que el motor no enviará señal a Arduino
pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
}
// Bucle para hacerlo girar
void loop()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
digitalWrite(IN1, paso[i][0]);
digitalWrite(IN2, paso[i][1]);
digitalWrite(IN3, paso[i][2]);
digitalWrite(IN4, paso[i][3]);
delay(10);
}
}
Kamar yadda kake gani, a wannan yanayin zai yi aiki tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin ikon kunna murfin biyu biyu ...