ESP8266: tsarin WIFI don Arduino

ESP8266

Arduino ya fara ne a matsayin jagora mai sauƙi don ilimi da masu yin sa wanda ke son DIY. Dandalin na hardware libre ga masu son kayan lantarki da za a iya tsarawa godiya ga IDE na Arduino kuma tare da dama da yawa. Da sannu kaɗan ya samo asali, sabbin juzu'i da fitowar allon, da kayan aiki da kayan haɗi irin su shahararrun garkuwoyi da kayayyaki waɗanda suka faɗaɗa ainihin ayyukan waɗannan allon.

Ofayan ɗayan abubuwan haɓakawa waɗanda suka sami babban ci gaba a cikin damar shine Wurin WiFi, kamar ESP8266, tunda wannan ya ba da damar cewa ayyukan da har zuwa yanzu keɓe za a iya haɗa su da cibiyar sadarwa kuma ta haka ne za su iya saka idanu ko sarrafa aikin daga Intanet ko'ina a duniya. Abin da ya sa za mu keɓe wannan jagorar ga ESP8266, don ku iya sanin duk abin da kuke buƙata ...

A kadan tarihi

ESP8285

Kamfanin farko da ya ƙirƙiri wannan ESP8266 guntu shine Espressif, wani kamfanin kasar Sin wanda yake a cikin Shanghai, kodayake a halin yanzu akwai wasu masana'antun da ke haɓaka da samar da shi. Ainihin ranar da aka ƙaddamar da shi lokacin bazara ne na 2014, don haka ba tsoho bane. An fara tallata shi a farashi mai sauƙi kuma hakan tare da ƙarfinsa ya sa ya shahara sosai ba da daɗewa ba.

La al'umma masu tasowa Hakanan yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasarar, tunda sun fara fassara da buga adadi mai yawa na takardu, ƙirƙirar kamfanoni da sauran lambobin don amfani akan ESP8266. Hakan ya ba wa masu yin duk kayan aikin da suke buƙata don iya amfani da na'urar har zuwa ƙarfinsu.

Amma ya kamata ka sani, cewa kamar yadda yake tare da transistors, nomin lamba ko lambobi Ba koyaushe bane ESP8266, amma da farko wasu ESPs na farko sun bayyana da farko, sa'annan sifofi kamar ESP8285 daga 2016 sunzo wadanda suka hada da hadadden 1MB flahsd memori, sannan kuma ESP8266 da muka sani a yau zai bayyana, wanda yake da alama ya dau mataki saboda ba Yana da wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ba, amma zaku iya ƙara wasu kwakwalwan waje don adana shirye-shirye.

Mene ne wannan?

ESP8266

El ESP8266 za a iya haɗa shi cikin WiFi wanda ke ba da guntu mai tsada tare da cikakken TCP / IP tari da microcontroller. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar 3.3v kuma yana da mai sarrafa 106 Mhz Tensilica Xtensa LX80, 64 KB RAM don umarni da 96 KB don bayanai, 16 GPIO fil, keɓaɓɓun UART fil, da SPI da I2C interface.

La Tensilica CPU ana iya yin sa da sauri ta overclocking cewa wasu, amma ba duka ba, ƙirar ke ba da izini. A zahiri, ana iya ninka yawan agogo. A hanyar, nau'in 32-bit RISC na CPU. Hakanan an haɗa shi a cikin ƙirar mai sauya 10-bit ADC don sigina.

A matsayin kari, ya hada da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar QSPI mai walwala daga 512 KB zuwa 4 MB dangane da tsarin, wani lokacin ma tana iya kaiwa 16 MB. Game da Haɗin haɗin WiFi, ya dace da daidaitattun IEEE 802.11 b / g / n, ban da tallafawa WEP, WPA da WPA2 tsaro.

Don me kuke amfani da shi?

App don aikin sarrafa kai na gida

ESP8266, a sauƙaƙe, yana ƙara damar haɗin WiFi zuwa ayyukanmu. Wato, yana ba da damar haɗi mara waya zuwa cibiyar sadarwar gida ko Intanet. Wannan yana ba da dama mai yawa na dama, kamar su iya haɗawa ko cire haɗin kayan lantarki (ta amfani da gudun ba da sanda) ko wasu nau'ikan tsarin injinan gidan mu don tsabtace gidan da kuma sarrafa shi ta hanyar Intanet daga wayoyin mu na zamani ko kowace kwamfutar da aka haɗa daga ko'ina.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sarrafa tsarin lambu da ban ruwa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, don sarrafa tsarin masana'antu, sarrafa su IP kyamarorin sa ido na bidiyo, saka idanu bayanai daga cibiyoyin sadarwar firikwensin da aka rarraba a wurare daban-daban, don kayan sawa tare da damar haɗin, zuwa Ayyukan IoT (Intanit na Abubuwa ko Intanet na Abubuwa) da duk abin da zaku iya tunanin ...

ESP8266 Module Fasali:

Domin ku sani ƙari a cikin zurfin ESP8266, Anan zamu baku jerin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa wadanda zaku buƙaci sani game da wannan rukunin.

Takardar Bayanan ESP8266

A cikin sassan da suka gabata mun bayyana wasu daga manyan abubuwan ESP8266Don samun cikakkun bayanan fasaha cikakke, kun riga kun san cewa zaku iya zazzage sanannun bayanan bayanan da masana'antun ke da su daga shafukan yanar gizon su. Wasu daga cikin ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara dalla-dalla sune:

  • Tensilica Xtensa L106 32-bit RISC 80Mhz CPU
  • 10-bit ADC mai sauyawa
  • RAM 64KB i / 96KB d
  • 16-pin GPIO (ba duk za'a iya amfani dashi ba, kuma GPIO16 an haɗa shi zuwa RTC ko Real Time Clock)
  • UART
  • SPI
  • I2C
  • Awon karfin wuta 3v da 3.6v
  • 80ara XNUMXmA
  • Zafin aiki na aiki -40 zuwa 125ºC
  • WiFi IEEE 802.11 b / g / n tare da goyon bayan IPv4 da ladabi na TCP / UDP / HTTP / HTTPS / FTP
  • Amfani 0.0005 zuwa 170 MA dangane da ƙarfin sigina
  • Yanayin: Yanayin aiki (mai aiki), Yanayin bacci (barci), Barci mai zurfi (barci mai nauyi) - Amfani da amfani

Don ƙarin bayani, zazzage bayanan bayanan:

Abin takaici kawai suna cikin Turanci, amma yana da sauƙin fahimtar duk bayanan idan kuna da ilimin fasaha.

Yankin gyaran kafa

Wani daki-daki wanda za'a iya gani a cikin bayanan bayanan shine pinout, wato, abin ƙyama. Bungunan kunne nawa kuke da su kuma menene kowannensu? Dogaro da ko dai kawai guntu na ESP8266 ko kuma idan ya zo a cikin wani tsari ko ƙirar, ƙarancin abu na iya bambanta kamar yadda kuke gani a hotunan da ke sama.

Haɗuwa tare da Arduino da wifi.h

Don shirye-shiryen da kuke da su wani dakin karatu mai suna wifi.h takamaiman don ku iya amfani da ayyukan da aka haɗa a ciki yayin ƙirƙirar lambobin tushe tare da Arduino IDE don tsara microcontroller. Kuna iya ganin ƙarin bayani akan waɗannan shafukan GitHub guda biyu inda aka shirya waɗannan ayyukan: Arduino Wifi.h Laburare / Wifi.h Espressif Laburare.

Game da hadewa tare da Arduino, ana iya yin shi ko ya kasance koyaushe ne ko kuma guntu na ESP8266 daban. Koyaya, ana ba da shawarar amfani da kayayyaki. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa, amma sanannun sanannun waɗanda sanannen masana'anta ke bayarwa AI-Mai Tunani:

  • ESP-01: shine tsarin farkon wanda ya bayyana. Farashinsa yawanci tsakanin € 2 da € 4. Kwanan wata kwanan wata kuma yana da GPIOs guda biyu masu amfani don sarrafa firikwensin ta da masu motsa ta. Wannan kundin yana da eriyar WiFi mai ciki, LEDs, guntu ESP8266 da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta BG25Q80A.
  • ESP-05: farashinsa yayi kama da na baya, kuma yana da sauƙi. Za a iya amfani da fil ɗinsa a sauƙaƙe don yin aiki azaman garkuwar WiFi don Arduino ko don amfani da shi a kan allon burodi, amma ba shi da GPIO mai sauƙi.
  • ESP-12Kodayake ana amfani dashi sosai, bazai zama mafi amfani ba duka, musamman ga masu farawa. Farashinsa yakai € 4, kuma yana da hanyoyin haɗin GPIO guda 11, ɗayansu analog ana-10-1024 (ƙimomin dijital mai yuwuwa XNUMX). Amma yana da babban lahani, wanda zaka siyar dashi, saboda bashi da fil.
  • ESP-201: farashin shine € 6 kuma shine mafi fifiko ga masu yin kuma an bada shawarar ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Hakanan yana da tashoshin GPIO 11, kodayake ba duka muke iya amfani da su ba. A wannan yanayin, yana da fil don ya dace da shi a kan allon burodi ko tare da Arduino ba tare da sayarwa ba.

Lallai yasan hakan akwai karin kayayyakiA zahiri, a sashe na gaba zamuyi magana akan wanda ya shahara yau kuma ya cancanci ambata musamman.

NodeMCU

ESP8266

A koyaushe mashahuri a yau shine abin da ake kira NodeMCU, tare da farashin kama da ESP-201, wato, kusan € 6. Shine tsarin da zaku iya gani a cikin manyan hotunan wannan labarin kuma wannan yana da sauƙin amfani, tare da duk abin da kuke buƙata an riga an haɗe shi. Wato, zaku iya yin aiki kai tsaye daga farko, ba tare da ƙara wasu ƙarin kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin matakan da suka gabata ba.

NodeMCU ya haɗa da guntu ESP8266, a adaftan serial / USB, wanda aka yi amfani da microUSB, kuma yana dogara ne akan halayen ESP-12. Yawancin sifofi na wannan NodeMCU sun bayyana, kamar su 1 ko 2 an sabunta kuma an inganta su. Amma abu mafi ban sha'awa shine firmware wanda ya haɗa, wanda zaka iya saukewa kuma yana ba da damar shirye-shirye a cikin yare kamar Python, BASIC, JavaScript da sauran waɗanda basu da farin jini kamar LUA. Ka tuna cewa firmware lambar ne, ƙaramin shiri ne wanda aka adana shi cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ...


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