BC547 transistor: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Idan kai mai yin abubuwa ne, kana son DIY da lantarki, tabbas ka taɓa buƙatar amfani da BC547 transistor. Yana da transistor mai hade da juna wanda asalinsa Philips da Mullard suka kirkireshi tsakanin 1963 da 1966. Da farko an sanya masa suna tare da nomenclature na BC108 kuma yana da TO-18 irin encapsulation na karfe (Transistor Outline package - case style 18). Wannan kunshin ya fi tsada fiye da filastik TO-92, amma ƙarancin zafi ya fi na da.

Daga baya zata sami sabon kunshin roba kuma an sake masa suna tare da lambar BC148. Kuma ya samo asali ne daga BC108, BC238, zuwa abin da muka sani a yau kamar BC548 tare da encapsulation mai rahusa irin TO-92, kuma daga nan ne bambance-bambancen suka zo kamar su BC547. Bambance-bambance tsakanin jerin an rufe su sosai, kasancewarsu ɗaya a ciki. Bugu da kari, don ta acronym BC Yana nuna cewa transistor ne na siliki (B), don ƙananan mitar (C).

Hakanan akwai wasu sunayen kamar da BF, amma a wannan yanayin ana amfani dashi don gano transistors da ake amfani dasu don RF (mitar rediyo), ma'ana, waɗanda ke cin riba mai kyau a ƙananan mitoci.

Bayanin iyali na BC5xx:

BC547 na dangin transistors ne masu halaye iri daya kamar BC546, BC548, BC549 da BC550. Dukkanin nau'ikan mahaukaci ne ko bipolar junction (BJT don Bipolar Junction Transistor). Wato, ba sune masu tasirin tasirin filin kamar FETs, masu daukar hoto da haske, da sauransu. Wadannan nau'ikan transpors bipolar an yi su ne da abubuwa kamar su germanium, silicon ko gallium arsenide.

Sunan mai sanyin jiki ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa suna yin mahaɗan 2 PN, tunda masu transistors suna da matakan semiconductor uku waɗanda aka tsara ta hanyoyi biyu masu yiwuwa: NPN da PNP. A batun BC547 mun riga mun fada cewa NPN ce. Wato, semiconductor ya shaƙu da wani sashi na tebur na lokaci-lokaci wanda zai ba shi damar samun cajin masu ɗaukar caji (electrons) don sassan N, sannan kuma semiconductor ya shaƙu da kashi tare da ƙananan lantarki masu ƙarfin gaske wanda ke haifar da irin wannan semiconductor tare wuce haddi na masu ɗaukar cajin tabbaci a cikin wannan yanayin (ramuka).

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Wannan ana faɗi, idan muka mai da hankali kan iyali, bambance-bambance tsakanin dukkan mambobi yana da sauki. Encapsulation na duka iri ɗaya ne, SOT54 ko TO-92. Amma kowane ɗayan an inganta shi don takamaiman nau'in aiki:

• BC546: don babban ƙarfin lantarki (har zuwa 65v).
• BC547: Har ila yau don babban ƙarfin lantarki (45v)
• BC548: don ƙananan ƙa'idodi, har zuwa 30v.
• BC549: yayi kama da BC548 amma tare da ƙaramin ƙara don aikace-aikace mafi mahimmanci ko mahimmanci ga amo na lantarki. Misali, tsarin sauti na hi-fi.
• BC550: yayi kama da na farkon guda biyu, ma'ana shine, don ƙarfin lantarki (45v) amma an inganta shi don bayar da ƙarami.

Dukansu suna da fil uku, kamar yadda yake a cikin transistors. Don gano su, dole ne mu dube shi daga ruɓaɓɓen fuskoki ko fuskar lebur ɗin encapsulation, ma'ana, barin fuska zagaye zuwa ɗaya gefen. Don haka, daga hagu zuwa dama fil ɗin sune: mai tarawa - tushe - emitter.

• Manif: fil ne na ƙarfe ko fil a cikin hulɗa da yankin da ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da emitter. A wannan yanayin yanki ne na N.
• tushe: shine fil ko lambar ƙarfe da aka haɗa zuwa yankin tsakiya wanda dole ne ya zama siriri sosai. A wannan yanayin yanki ne P.
• Mai bayarwa.

Da zarar an san wannan, zamu fahimci yadda transistor BC yake aiki. A cikin takamaiman lamarin na BC5xx, fitowar igiyar ruwa na har zuwa 100 mA. Wato, wannan zai zama iyakar ƙarfin da zai iya gudana tsakanin mai tarawa da mai ɗaukar hoto, mai sarrafawa ta hanyar tushe kamar dai yana canzawa ne. Game da matsakaicin matsin lamba da aka yarda da shi, wannan ya bambanta dangane da samfurin kamar yadda muka gani.

Ka tuna cewa matsakaicin ƙarfin 100mA na yanzu shine kawai don DC, Tunda ga halin da ake ciki na sauyawa inda akwai tsaunuka na ɗan gajeren lokaci zai iya zuwa 200 MA ba tare da lalata transistor ba. Koyaya, wasu masana'antun kamar su abubuwan kirkira da tarihi na Fairchild sun ma gina ƙirar BC547 waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa 500mA, koda kuwa baida misali. Don haka zaku iya samun watakila takaddun bayanai na BC547 tare da ƙididdigar ƙarfi kaɗan ga abin da aka ƙayyade a nan ...

Fasali na BC547:

Bayan koyo game da wasu abubuwa na yau da kullun tare da yan uwa, bari mu mai da hankali kan wasu girma da kuma takamaiman fasali don BC547.

Riba:

La ribar yanzu, lokacin da muke magana game da tushen yau da kullun, kusan kusan ribar da ake samu yanzu daga mai aikawa zuwa ga mai tarawa a yankin da ke aiki kai tsaye, koyaushe ƙasa da 1. Game da batun BC548, kamar 'yan uwanta, suna da riba mai kyau na tsakanin 110 da 800 hFE don halin yanzu. Ana yawan bayyana wannan tare da ƙarin harafi a ƙarshen nomenclature wanda ke nuna keɓaɓɓun fa'idar la'akari da haƙurin na'urar. Idan babu irin wannan harafin to yana iya zama kowane a cikin kewayon da na bayar. Misali:

• BC547: tsakanin 110-800hFE.
• Bayanin BC547A: tsakanin 110-220hFE.
• Bayanin BC547B: tsakanin 200-450hFE.
• BC547C: tsakanin 450-800hFE.

Wato, masana'antun sun kiyasta cewa zai kasance tsakanin waɗancan layukan, amma ba a san menene ainihin ribar da take ba, saboda haka dole ne mu sa kanmu a ciki mafi munin yanayi lokacin da muke tsara da'irar. Ta wannan hanyar, an tabbatar da cewa da'irar tana aiki koda kuwa ribar shine mafi karancin zangon, tare da tabbatar da cewa da'irar zata ci gaba da aiki idan muka maye gurbin transistor din. Ka yi tunanin cewa ka tsara kewayen don ya yi aiki tare da mafi ƙarancin 200hFE kuma kana da BC547B amma ka yanke shawarar maye gurbinsa da BC547A ko BC547, ƙila ba zai kai wannan adadin ba kuma ba zai yi aiki ba ... A ɗaya bangaren hannu, idan kun yi shi don ya yi aiki tare da 110, ko dai zai yi muku aiki.

Yanayin amsawa:

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La mitar amsawa yana da matukar mahimmanci ga masu kara karfi. Mitar ƙarfin transistor zai dogara ne akan ko zai iya aiki tare da ɗaya ko wasu mitocin. Wannan zai tunatar da ku wani abu idan kun yi nazarin batutuwa kamar fasfo mai wucewa da ƙananan rarar mitar wucewa, dama? Dangane da dangin da aka gani anan, sabili da haka na BC547, suna da kyakkyawar amsawa kuma suna iya aiki a mitoci tsakanin 150 da 300 Mhz.

A yadda aka saba, a cikin bayanai Ana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da transistor daga masana'antun, gami da jadawalin martani na mita. Ana iya zazzage waɗannan takardu a cikin PDF daga rukunin yanar gizon hukuma na masana'antun na'ura, kuma a can za ku sami ƙimar. Za ku ga amsar mita tare da farkon fT.

Waɗannan maximumarancin mitocin zasu tabbatar da cewa transistor fadada akalla 1, tunda mafi girman mitar, kasan kara karfin transistor din ne saboda karfin bangaren sa. A saman waɗannan mitocin da aka yarda da su, transistor na iya samun ɗan kaɗan ko babu riba, don haka baya biyan diyya.

Daidaitawa da haɓakawa:

• Daidai:
  • similar: kwatankwacin kwatankwacin kwatankwacin rami zai zama 2N2222 ko PN2222 wanda zamu sadaukar da wani labarin na musamman. Amma ayi hattara! A game da almara ta 2N2222 ana juya tura da mai tarawa da masu tarawa. Wato, zai zama mai tara kuɗi-maimakon-mai tarawa. Sabili da haka, dole ne ku sanya shi ko sanya shi ya juya 180ated dangane da yadda kuka sami BC547.
  • SMDIdan kanaso tsawan farfajiyar daidai da BC547 don ƙananan sifofi da aka buga ko PCBs, to abin da kuke nema shine BC487 wanda aka killace ƙarƙashin SOT23. Wannan zai guji samun farantin tare da ramuka don hawa da siyarwa. Af, idan kuna neman kwatankwacin transpors don sauran membobin gidan, zaku iya bincika BC846, BC848, BC849 da BC850. Wato, maye gurbin BC4xx da kwatankwacin BC8xx.
• Comarin: Wani yanayin da zai iya faruwa shine cewa kuna son akasin haka, wato, PNP maimakon NPN. A wannan yanayin, madaidaici zai kasance BC557. Don neman ƙarin abubuwa don sauran membobin gidan, zaku iya amfani da BC5xx kamar: BC556, BC558, BC559 da BC560.

Ina fatan wannan sakon ya taimaka muku kuma na gaba zai zama PN2222.