Hasken tasirin tasirin Hall: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don ayyukanku na Arduino

Hasken firikwensin Hall

Wataƙila kuna neman na'urar da za ta ba ku damar gano filayen maganadiso da ke kusa, ko don amfani da su azaman mara sauya lamba, don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kariyar ruwa, da sauransu. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya amfani Hal sakamako masu auna siginaWanda zan nuna muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don haɗa shi tare da ayyukanku na gaba tare da Arduino. A zahiri, idan zakuyi amfani dasu tare da maganadisun neodymium, aikace-aikacen da zaku iya samu daga gare su suna da yawa.

Haɗin wannan nau'in na'uran yana da sauƙi, kamar yadda kake gani. Bugu da kari, su kayan lantarki ne  mai arha sosai da kuma cewa zaka iya samun sauƙin samu a manyan shaguna na musamman ko kan layi. Idan kana son karin bayani, zaka iya ci gaba da karatu ...

Tasirin Hall din

Zane tasirin zane

Sunanta ya fito ne daga mai binciken farko, masanin ilmin lissafi dan Amurka Edwin Herbert Hall. Da zauren sakamako Al’amari ne na zahiri da ke faruwa yayin da filin lantarki ya bayyana saboda rabuwar cajin lantarki a cikin madugu wanda hanyar magnetic ke yawo. Wannan filin wutar lantarki (Hall Hall) zai kasance yana da wani ɓangaren da ke tsaye daidai da motsin cajin da kuma na ɓangaren dake tsaye na magnetic magnetic. Ta wannan hanyar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ana iya gano gaban filayen maganadisu.

A takaice dai, lokacin da wani abu mai gudana ya gudana ta hanyar madugun jirgi ko semiconductor kuma akwai wata maganadisu a kusa, ana tabbatar da cewa a magnetic karfi a cikin masu jigilar kayayyaki waɗanda ke tattara su a cikin kayan. Wato, masu cajin cajin za su karkata kuma tara a gefe ɗaya na madugu / semiconductor. Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, wannan yana haifar da bambancin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin wannan madugu / semiconductor, yana samar da wannan wutar ta lantarki daidai da maganadisu.

Menene firikwensin tasirin Hall?

Hasken firikwensin Hall

Saboda haka, da zarar kun san yadda tasirin Hall ɗin ke aiki, zaku iya magana game da abubuwan haɗin ko Hall tasirin firikwensin cewa suna iya amfani da wannan yanayin don aiwatar da aikace-aikace. Misali, tare dasu zaka iya yin ma'aunai na maganadisu.

Ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwa sosai a ciki yawancin ayyukan lantarki da na'urorin da ake amfani dasu akai-akai. Misali, a cikin ababen hawa zaka iya samun su a cikin wasu tsarin tsaro, don auna matsayin camshaft a cikin injin, don auna saurin ruwa, gano karafa, da dogon dss.

Abu mai kyau game da irin wannan tasirin tasirin Hall, sabanin wasu, shine ba ka bukatar lamba. Wato, zasu iya yin waɗannan ayyukan daga nesa, ban da kasancewa cikakkiyar kariya ga amo na lantarki, ƙura, da sauransu, don haka suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma abin dogaro ne a cikin ma'aunin su. Koyaya, iyakarsu takaitacciya ce, tunda suna buƙatar kasancewa a wani ɗan nisa daga filin da aka samar domin su sami damar kamawa.

Iri

Ana iya samun firikwensin sakamako na Hall nau'i biyu na asali:

  • Analog: su na'urori ne na asali, tare da fil ko fitarwa wanda zai sadar da sigina daidai gwargwadon ƙarfin magnetic da suke kamawa. Wato, suna kama da yanayin zafin jiki, ga tashin hankali, da sauran na'urori masu auna sigina waɗanda muka yi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon.
  • dijital: game da na dijital, sun fi na analog yawa sosai. Tunda basa sadar da kayan masarufi daidai da filin, amma suna bada ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki mai girma idan akwai magnetic magana da ƙasa idan babu filin maganadiso. Wato, ba za a iya amfani da su don auna ma'aunin maganadisu kamar na analog ba, don kawai a gano kasancewar su. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙididdigar za a iya raba su zuwa ƙarin subananan rukunoni biyu:
    • Latch: irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana kunna su yayin da mutum ya kusanci kuma ya kula da ƙimar su a hanyar fita har zuwa gaban sanda ya gabato.
    • Canjawa: a cikin waɗannan, ba za a ci gaba da fitar da abin ba, suna kashe lokacin da aka cire sandar. Ba lallai ba ne a kawo kishiyar sandar kusa don fitowar ta canza ...

Ina ba ku shawara ku yi amfani da shi neodymium maganadiso, sune mafi kyawu ga waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin aiki da kyau.

Idan kuna neman firikwensin nau'in analog, zaɓi mai kyau na iya zama Hall 49E firikwensin. Da shi zaka iya gano kasancewar filayen maganadisu, kuma ka auna su. Misali, zaka iya auna filayen maganadiso da ke kusa, yi tatsitom ta amfani da maganadisu don auna juyi a minti na axis ko sauri, gano lokacin da kofa ta bude ko rufe ta da maganadisu, da dai sauransu. Ana iya samun wannan firikwensin a cikin shaguna da yawa don can kuɗi, ko don wani abu idan kuna son ɗora shi a kan PCB tare da duk abin da kuke buƙata a cikin darajan shirye don amfani tare da Arduino:

  • Babu kayayyakin samu.
  • Babu kayayyakin samu.

A gefe guda, idan abin da kuke nema nau'in dijital ne, to zaka iya saya Hall haska A3144, wanda kuma nau'in sauyawa ne, ma'ana, ba zai zama dole a canza sandar ba. Wannan hanyar zaku iya gano kasancewar ƙarfe, ko kuwa akwai magnetic magana, kuma har ma da ƙirƙirar ma'aunin RPM kamar yadda ya gabata. Wannan ma yana da sauƙin samu, kuma yana da arha ko fiye da na baya, duka sako-sako kuma a cikin koyaushe:

A cikin yanayin analog, dole ne ku nemi bayanan bayanan na samfurin da kuka siya. Domin misali, a cikin 49E Kuna iya samun jadawalin yadda za a iya auna ma'aunin maganadisu kuma zai taimaka muku ƙirƙirar tsarin da dole ne ku aiwatar da shi a cikin lambar tushe ta Arduino don ƙididdigar yawan haɓakar maganadisu da aka gano (mT). Dangane da 49E zai kasance: B = 53.33V-133.3, saboda kewayon maganadisu da ƙarfin lantarki da zai iya isarwa yayin fitarwarsa ...

Abin da yake gama gari ne ga dijital da analog shine yawan fil yana da (pinout). kuma na hannun damanka zai zama 3:

  • 1: akan duka 49E da A3144 shine fil na ƙarfin 5V.
  • 2: an haɗa sashin sarrafawa a cikin abubuwan biyu zuwa GND ko ƙasa.
  • 3: a dukkan bangarorin guda biyu shi ne abinda yake fitarwa, ma’ana, wanda yake auna ko gano yanayin maganadisu, samar da wuta ta hanyarsa. Ka tuna cewa a cikin dijital zai ɗauki ƙima biyu kawai, babba ko ƙasa, yayin da a cikin analog zaka iya amfani da dabara ta baya don sanin yadda ake gano wannan filin ...

Haɗin tasirin firikwensin Hall tare da Arduino

Tasirin haɗin firikwensin tasirin tasirin Hall tare da Arduino

Da zarar kun ga yadda yake aiki da abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da wannan tasirin tasirin Hall, tare da bayanin abin da aka bayyana, ya kamata ku rigaya san yadda yake haɗi zuwa hukumar Arduino. A wannan yanayin, zai haɗu kamar haka:

  • Kun riga kun san cewa lambar 1 dole ne a haɗa ta da ƙarfin ƙarfin 5V na Arduino don ta sami ƙarfin sa, duka a yanayin dijital da analog.
  • Babban maɓallin tsakiya ko 2, dole ne ku haɗa shi da GND ko ƙasa na allon Arduino.
  • Game da fil na 3, ya bambanta dangane da ko na analog ne ko na dijital:
    • Analog: kai tsaye haɗa pin 3 na firikwensin Hall zuwa ɗayan abubuwan analog na allon Arduino ɗinka.
    • Dijital: dole ne ku haɗa pin 1 da 3 tare da maɓallin ja, misali 10K don kewaya ya yi aiki daidai da A3144. Sauran samfuran na iya buƙatar ƙimar juriya daban-daban ... Da zarar kayi la'akari da hakan, zaka iya haɗa pin 3 zuwa shigarwar dijital akan allon Arduino.

Babu matsala lambar shigarwar allon da kuka haɗa ta, kawai tuna lambar sannan ƙirƙirar daidai lambar tushe don aikinku don aiki. A wannan yanayin, za a sami bambance-bambance tsakanin ko kun zaɓi hanyar analog ko dijital:

  • Lambar mai sauki don analog es:
const int pinHall = A0;
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(pinHall, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
 
void loop() {
 
  //Filtro para ruido con 10 medidas
  long measure = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      int value = 
      measure += analogRead(pinHall);
  }
  measure /= 10;
  
  //Calcular el voltaje en mV que da la salida del sensor Hall
  float outputV = measure * 5000.0 / 1023;
  Serial.print("Voltaje de salida = ");
  Serial.print(outputV);
  Serial.print(" mV   ");
  
  //Interpolación a densidad del campo magnético (fórmula)
  float magneticFlux =  outputV * 53.33 - 133.3;
  Serial.print("La densidad del flujo magnético del campo es = ");
  Serial.print(magneticFlux);
  Serial.print(" mT");
  
  delay(2000);
}

  • Lambar mai sauki don digital zai zama:
const int HALLPin = 2;
const int LEDPin = 13;
//El pin 13 en el esquema de nuestro ejemplo no pinta nada, pero se podría agregar un LED a dicho pin para que se encienda si detecta campo magnetico
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(HALLPin, INPUT);
}
 
void loop() {
  if(digitalRead(HALLPin)==HIGH)
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);   
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);
  }
}

Ina fatan wannan jagorar ya taimaka muku ...


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