Nau'in firintocin 3D da halayensu

nau'ikan firintocin 3d

A cikin labarin da ya gabata mun yi wani nau'in gabatarwa ga duniyar firintocin 3D. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a zurfafa zurfafa cikin wannan fasaha, sanin ƙarin sirrin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ke ɓoyewa, da kuma abubuwan da ke ɓoye. nau'ikan firintocin 3D da suka wanzu. Wani abu mai mahimmanci lokacin zabar wanda ya dace, tunda duk suna da fa'ida da rashin amfaninsu, don haka koyaushe za a sami wanda ya fi dacewa da bukatun ku.

Nau'in firintocin 3D bisa ga fasahar bugu

Nau'ikan firintocin 3D suna da yawa sosai, kuma za a iya rarraba bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban. Ga wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci:

manyan iyalai

3D bugawa

Kamar yadda firintocin al'ada suma suke da iyalai da yawa, ana iya rarraba firintocin 3D musamman cikin Kungiyoyi 3:

  • Kula: ba tawada na kowa ba ne, amma wani foda ne kamar cellulose ko filasta. Firintar zai gina samfurin daga wannan haɗin gwiwar ƙura.
Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Hanyar da ba ta da tsada don samarwa a cikin babban girma. Yankuna masu rauni sosai waɗanda ke buƙatar sha maganin taurin.
  • Laser/LED (Optics): ita ce fasahar da ake amfani da ita a cikin firintocin resin 3D. Ainihin suna ɗauke da ruwa a cikin tafki kuma ana sanye su da hasken laser don ƙarfafa guduro da maganin UV don taurare. Wannan ya sa guduro (acrylic tushen photopolymer) an canza shi zuwa wani yanki mai ƙarfi tare da siffar da ake bukata.
Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Kuna iya buga siffofi masu rikitarwa. Suna da tsada.
Madaidaicin bugu sosai. Ƙarin nufi don amfanin masana'antu ko sana'a.
Kyakkyawan gamawa yana buƙatar kaɗan ko babu bayan aiwatarwa. Suna iya haifar da tururi mai guba, don haka ba su dace da gidaje ba.
  • Allura: sune wadanda suka fi amfani da su filaments (yawanci thermoplastic) irin su PLA, ABS, Tuvalu, nailan, da dai sauransu. Manufar da ke bayan wannan iyali ita ce ƙirƙirar sifofi ta hanyar sanya narkakken yadudduka na waɗannan kayan (suna iya bambanta sosai). Sakamakon yanki ne mai ƙarfi, kodayake a hankali kuma tare da ƙarancin daidaito fiye da laser.
Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
samfurori masu araha. Suna a hankali.
An ba da shawarar ga masu sha'awar sha'awa, amfanin gida, da ilimi. Suna samar da samfurin a cikin yadudduka, kuma dangane da kauri na filament, ƙarewar na iya zama mafi ƙarancin inganci.
Yawan kayan da za a zaɓa daga. Wasu sassa sun dogara da goyan baya waɗanda dole ne a buga su don riƙe sashin.
Sakamako mai ƙarfi. Suna buƙatar ƙarin aiwatarwa.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a zaɓa daga.
Wasu firintocin 3D na musamman, kamar siminti ko buguwar halitta, ƙila su dogara ne akan ɗayan waɗannan iyalai, amma tare da wasu gyare-gyare.

Da zarar an san waɗannan iyalai, a cikin sassan masu zuwa za mu ƙarin koyo game da kowannensu da fasahar da ka iya wanzuwa.

Resin da/ko firintocin 3D na gani

da resin da firintocin 3D na gani Suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙwarewa kuma tare da sakamako mafi kyau a cikin kammala su, amma kuma yawanci sun fi tsada. Bugu da ƙari, za su kuma buƙaci ƙarin injuna kamar wankewa da warkarwa a wasu lokuta, tun da waɗannan ayyukan ba a haɗa su cikin firinta da kanta ba (ko kuma a lokuta inda tsaftace sassa a cikin MSLA yana da wahala).

  • Wanke: Bayan buga sashin 3D, ana buƙatar tsarin wankewa. Amma maimakon gogewa da fesa tsaftace sashin, zaku iya cire sashin da aka gama daga dandalin ginin kuma kuyi amfani da injin wanki. Waɗannan za su yi aiki azaman wankin mota ta atomatik, tare da farfela wanda ke jujjuya maganadisu a ciki kuma yana tayar da ruwa mai tsafta (tankin da ke cike da barasa isopropyl -IPA-) a cikin gidan da aka rufe.
  • Cura: bayan tsaftacewa, kuma wajibi ne don warkar da yanki, wato, haskakawa ga haskoki na ultraviolet wanda ke canza kaddarorin polymer kuma ya taurare shi. Don yin wannan, tashar magani tana cire sashin daga ruwan tsaftacewa inda aka nutsar da shi, ya bushe shi yayin da yake juya shi zuwa kowane bangare. Da zarar an yi haka, sandar LED ta UV za ta fara warkewa yanki, kamar tanda ce.

SLA (Stereo Lithography)

Wannan fasahar stereolithography tsohuwar hanya ce wacce aka sabunta ta don firintocin 3D. Ana amfani da guduro mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto wanda zai taurare a wuraren da katakon Laser ya taɓa. Wannan shi ne yadda ake ƙirƙirar yadudduka har sai an gama abin da aka gama.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Ƙarshe mai laushi. Babban farashi.
Iya bugu hadaddun alamu. Ƙananan abokantaka na muhalli.
Mafi kyau ga ƙananan sassa. Yana buƙatar tsarin warkewa bayan bugawa.
Azumi Ba za ku iya buga manyan sassa ba.
Daban-daban kayan da za a zaɓa daga. Waɗannan firintocin ba su ne mafi ɗorewa da ƙarfi ba.
Karami kuma mai sauƙin ɗauka.

SLS (Zabin Laser Sintering)

Yana da wani tsari na zaɓin zafin laser kama da DLP da SLA, amma maimakon ruwa za a yi amfani da foda. Laser katako zai narke da kuma manne da ƙurar barbashi Layer by Layer har sai da karshe model aka kafa. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine zaku iya amfani da abubuwa daban-daban (nailan, ƙarfe,…) don ƙirƙirar sassan da ke da wahala a ƙirƙira ta amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ƙura ko extrusion.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Batch bugu za a iya yi a cikin sauki hanya.  Iyakantaccen adadin kayan.
Farashin bugu yana da ɗan araha. Ba ya ƙyale sake yin amfani da kayan.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Haɗarin lafiya mai yiwuwa.
Cikakken cikakkun bayanai. Guda-gudanan sun karye.
Yana da kyau don amfani da gwaji. Bayan aiwatarwa yana da wahala.
Kuna iya buga manyan sassa.

DLP (Tsarin Hasken Dijital)

Wannan fasaha ta sarrafa haske na dijital wani nau'in bugu ne na 3D mai kama da SLA, kuma yana amfani da photopolymers na ruwa mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, bambancin yana cikin tushen haske, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin shine allon tsinkayar dijital, yana mai da hankali kan wuraren da resin ke buƙatar taurare, yana hanzarta aiwatar da bugu idan aka kwatanta da SLA.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Babban bugun sauri. Abubuwan amfani marasa aminci.
Babban daidaito. Abubuwan amfani suna da tsada mai yawa.
Yana iya zama mai kyau ga wurare daban-daban na aikace-aikacen.
Firintar 3D mai rahusa.

MSLA (SLA mai rufe fuska)

Ya dogara ne akan fasahar SLA, kuma yana raba yawancin fasalulluka, amma nau'in fasahar SLA masked. Wato tana amfani da tsararren LED azaman tushen hasken UV. Wato tana da allo na LCD wanda ta cikinsa ake fitar da haske wanda yayi daidai da siffar Layer, yana fallasa duk resin lokaci guda kuma yana samun saurin bugawa. Wato, allon yana zazzage yanki ko yanki.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Ƙarshe mai laushi. Babban farashi.
Iya bugu hadaddun alamu. Ƙananan abokantaka na muhalli.
Gudun bugawa. Yana buƙatar tsarin warkewa bayan bugawa.
Daban-daban kayan da za a zaɓa daga. Ba za ku iya buga manyan sassa ba.
Karami kuma mai sauƙin ɗauka. Waɗannan firintocin ba su ne mafi ɗorewa da ƙarfi ba.

DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) ko DMLS (PolyJet Direct Metal Laser Sintering)

A wannan yanayin, yana haifar da abubuwa kamar yadda aka saba da SLS, amma bambancin shine cewa foda ba a narke ba, amma yana da zafi da Laser har zuwa inda. iya fuse a matakin kwayoyin. Saboda damuwa, guntuwar galibi suna da ɗan karyewa, kodayake ana iya aiwatar da su zuwa tsarin zafin jiki na gaba don ƙara juriya. Ana amfani da wannan fasaha sosai a masana'antu don kera sassan ƙarfe ko gami.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Mai amfani sosai a masana'antu. fuskoki.
Ana iya amfani da su don buga sassan karfe. Yawanci suna da girma.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Sassan na iya zama gaggautsa.
Cikakken cikakkun bayanai. Yana buƙatar tsarin bayan aiki wanda ya haɗa da annealing don haɗa karafa ko wasu nau'ikan kayan.
Kuna iya buga guda masu girma dabam dabam dabam.

Extrusion ko ajiya (allura)

Lokacin da muke magana game da dangin firintocin da ke amfani da su dabaru dabaru ta amfani da kayan extruders, mutum zai iya bambanta tsakanin fasaha masu zuwa:

FDM (Samfurin Samfurin Samarwa)

Waɗannan dabarun yin tallan kayan kawa ajiye narkakkar kayan don tsara abin Layer Layer. Lokacin da filament ya yi zafi kuma ya narke, yana wucewa ta hanyar extruder kuma kai yana motsawa a cikin haɗin gwiwar XY da aka nuna ta fayil tare da samfurin bugawa. Don ɗayan girman yi amfani da saitin Z don yadudduka masu zuwa.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
An rufe Su ne manyan injuna don masana'antu.
Faɗin kayan da za a zaɓa daga ciki. Ba su da arha.
Kyakkyawan inganci ya ƙare. Suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.

FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)

Bambance-bambance tsakanin FDM da FFF? Ko da yake a wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi azaman ma'ana, FDM kalma ce da ke nufin wata fasaha da Stratasys ta ɓullo da ita a 1989. Sabanin haka, kalmar FFF tana da kamanceceniya, amma waɗanda suka ƙirƙira RepRap ne suka ƙirƙira a 2005.

Tare da shaharar firintocin 3D da kuma FDM patent ƙarewa a cikin 2009, an shimfida hanyar don sababbin na'urori masu rahusa masu rahusa masu irin wannan fasaha mai suna FFF:

  • FDM: manyan injunan rufaffiyar don amfani a aikin injiniya kuma tare da sakamako mai inganci.
  • FFF: buɗaɗɗen firinta, mai rahusa, kuma tare da mafi talauci kuma mafi ƙarancin sakamako don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar sassa masu takamaiman kaddarorin.
Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Ba su da tsada. M surface na guda.
Za a iya sake amfani da filament. Warping (nakasuwa) yana da yawa. Wato wani bangare na abin da kuke bugawa yana lankwasa zuwa sama saboda bambancin yanayin zafi da ke tsakanin yadudduka.
Suna da sauƙi. Bututun ƙarfe yana ƙoƙarin toshewa.
Akwai nau'ikan kayan da za a zaɓa daga ciki. Suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don bugawa.
Sun kasance m da sauƙi don sufuri. Matsalolin motsi na Layer saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin yadudduka.
Kuna iya samun su duka sun ƙare kuma a cikin kayan aiki don haɗawa. Rashin ƙarfi
Gado ko goyan baya yana buƙatar gyare-gyare akai-akai.

Sauran nau'ikan firintocin 3D na ci gaba

Baya ga nau'ikan firintocin 3D na sama, ko fasahar bugu, akwai wasu waɗanda ƙila ba su shahara don amfani da gida ba, amma sun kasance. suna da ban sha'awa ga masana'antu ko bincike:

MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) ko MJ (Kayan Jirgin Sama)

Wani fasaha na bugu na 3D da zaku iya samu shine MJF ko MJ kawai. Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, a tsarin da ke amfani da allurar kayan aiki. Nau'ikan firintocin 3D waɗanda suka karɓi wannan hanyar bugu an yi niyya ne da farko don masana'antar kayan adon, suna samun inganci mai kyau ta hanyar allurar ɗaruruwan ƙananan ɗigo na photopolymer sannan kuma ta hanyar tsarin warkar da hasken UV (ultraviolet).

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Babban bugun sauri. Ba shi da kayan yumbu a kasuwa a yanzu.
Ya dace da amfanin kasuwanci. Fasaha ba ta yaɗu sosai ba.
Babban digiri na aiki da kai yayin aikin bugu da bayan aiwatarwa.

SLM (Zaɓen eran Laser)

Fasaha ce ta ci gaba, tare da tushen laser mai ƙarfi sosai, kuma firintocin 3D na wannan nau'in suna da tsada sosai, don haka an yi niyya don amfani da ƙwararru. Ta wata hanya, sun yi kama da fasahar gani na SLS, zaɓin fusing ta Laser. An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin selectively narke karfe foda da kuma samar da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙaƙƙarfan Layer Layer, don haka ku guje wa wasu jiyya na gaba.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Kuna iya buga sassa na ƙarfe tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Iyakantaccen adadin kayan.
Sakamakon daidaitaccen yanki ne kuma mai ƙarfi. Suna da tsada kuma manya.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Yawan kuzarinsa yana da yawa.
Ya dace da amfani da masana'antu.

EBM (Gwanin amarfin Electron)

Fasaha electron katako fusion tsari ne na masana'anta mai kama da SLM, kuma yana da tushe sosai a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya. Hakanan yana iya samar da samfura masu yawa kuma masu ƙarfi, amma bambancin shine maimakon laser, ana amfani da katako na lantarki don narkar da foda na karfe. Wannan fasaha don amfani da masana'antu na iya haifar da narkewa a yanayin zafi na 1000ºC.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Kuna iya buga sassa na ƙarfe tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Iyakantaccen adadin kayan, saboda a halin yanzu ana iya amfani da shi don wasu karafa kamar cobalt-chromium ko alloys titanium.
Sakamakon daidaitaccen yanki ne kuma mai ƙarfi. Suna da tsada kuma manya.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Yawan kuzarinsa yana da yawa.
Ya dace da amfani da masana'antu. Suna buƙatar ƙwararrun ma'aikata da matakan kariya don amfani da su.

BJ (Binder Jetting)

Yana daga cikin nau'ikan firintocin 3D da ake da su, tare da fasahar da ake amfani da su a matakin masana'antu. A wannan yanayin, shi amfani da foda a matsayin tushe don kera sassa, tare da ɗaure don samar da yadudduka. Wato yana amfani da foda na kayan tare da wani nau'in manne wanda daga baya za'a cire shi ta yadda kayan tushe kawai ya rage. Irin waɗannan firintocin na iya amfani da kayan kamar filasta, siminti, barbashi na ƙarfe, yashi, har ma da polymers.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Faɗin kayan don kera guntuwar. Suna iya zama babba a girman.
Kuna iya buga manyan abubuwa. Suna da tsada.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Bai dace da amfanin gida ba.
Ya dace da amfani da masana'antu. Yana iya zama dole don daidaita samfurin zuwa kowane hali.

Concrete ko 3DCP

Wani nau'i ne na bugu yana samun ƙarin sha'awa ga masana'antar gine-gine. 3DCP yana nufin 3D Concrete Printing, wato 3D bugu na siminti. Tsarin taimakon kwamfuta don ƙirƙirar siminti ta hanyar extrusion don samar da yadudduka don haka gina bango, gidaje, da sauransu.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Suna iya gina gine-gine da sauri. Suna iya zama babba a girman.
Suna da matukar sha'awar sashin gine-gine. Suna da tsada da rikitarwa.
Za su iya ba da damar gina gidaje masu rahusa kuma masu dorewa. Kowane akwati zai buƙaci daidaita firinta na 3D musamman.
Wani muhimmin ci gaba ga mulkin mallaka na sauran taurari.

LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing)

LOM ya ƙunshi wasu nau'ikan firintocin 3D waɗanda ake amfani da su don mirgina masana'antu. Don haka, ana amfani da yadudduka, zanen takarda, zanen gado ko faranti na ƙarfe, filastik, da dai sauransu, ana ajiye takarda ta takarda don yadudduka da yin amfani da manne don haɗa su, ban da yin amfani da dabarun yankan masana'antu don samar da siffar, kamar su. iya zama Laser yankan.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Za su iya gina ƙaƙƙarfan tsari. Ba ƙaramin firintocin 3D ba ne.
Yiwuwar zabar tsakanin albarkatun kasa iri-iri. Suna da tsada da rikitarwa.
Suna iya samun aikace-aikace a cikin sashin jiragen sama ko a cikin ɓangaren gasa don wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Suna buƙatar ƙwararrun ma'aikata.

DOD (Drop on Demand)

Wata dabara ta sauke a kan bukatar yana amfani da jiragen sama 'ink' guda biyu, ɗayan yana ajiye kayan gini don abun kuma ɗayan kayan narkar da kayan tallafi. Ta wannan hanyar, tana gina layi-layi, ta yin amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki don samar da samfurin, kamar mai yanke kuda mai goge wurin da ake ginin. Ta wannan hanyar, yana samun fili mai faɗi daidai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar inda ake buƙatar ƙarin daidaito, kamar ƙera gyare-gyare.

Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Cikakke don amfanin masana'antu. Suna iya zama babba a girman.
Babban daidaito a cikin ƙarewa. Suna da tsada da rikitarwa.
Suna iya buga manyan abubuwa. Suna buƙatar ƙwararrun ma'aikata.
Baya buƙatar tallafi. Ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki.

MME (Metal Material Extrusion)

Wannan hanya tana da kama da FFF ko FDM, wato, ta ƙunshi extrusion na polymer. Bambancin shine wannan polymer yana da babban nauyin foda na ƙarfe. Sabili da haka, lokacin ƙirƙirar siffar, za'a iya yin aiki bayan aiki (debonding da sintering) don ƙirƙirar ɓangaren ƙarfe mai ƙarfi.

UAM (Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing)

Wannan wata hanyar tana amfani da zanen ƙarfe waɗanda ke Layer by Layer kuma an haɗa su tare da su duban dan tayi don haɗa saman da ƙirƙirar wani sashi mai ƙarfi.

bioprinting

A ƙarshe, a cikin nau'ikan firintocin 3D, ɗayan mafi ci gaba da ban sha'awa don amfanin likita, a tsakanin sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu, ba za a iya ɓacewa ba. game da fasahar bioprinting, wanda zai iya dogara ne akan wasu fasahohin da suka gabata, amma tare da musamman. Misali, akwai lokuttan da suka dogara ne akan ƙaddamarwar Layer, jiragen ruwa na bioink (bioink), laser-taimaka bioprinting, matsa lamba, microextrusion, SLA, extrusion cell kai tsaye, fasahar maganadisu, da sauransu. Komai zai dogara ne akan amfanin da kuke son bayarwa, tunda kowannensu yana da fa'ida da gazawarsa.

3D bioprinting yana da matakai uku na asali waxanda su ne:

  1. Pre-kwayoyin halitta: shine tsarin samar da samfuri, kamar 3D modeling ta amfani da software na buga 3D. Amma, a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar ƙarin matakai masu rikitarwa don samun samfurin da aka faɗi, tare da gwaje-gwaje irin su biopsies, ƙididdiga na hoto, hoton maganadisu, da sauransu. Ta wannan hanyar za ku iya samun samfurin da za a aika don bugawa.
  2. bioprinting: Lokacin da ake amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban, irin su mafita na ruwa tare da sel, matrices, abubuwan gina jiki, bio-inks, da dai sauransu, kuma an sanya su a cikin kwandon buga don bugawa ta fara ƙirƙirar nama, gabobin ko abu.
  3. Bayan bioprinting: shi ne tsarin da ake yi kafin bugu, kamar yadda aka yi a 3D bugu, akwai kuma matakai daban-daban na baya. Suna iya zama don samar da tsayayyen tsari, maturation na nama, vasculation, da dai sauransu. A yawancin lokuta, ana buƙatar bioreactor don wannan.
Abũbuwan amfãni disadvantages
Yiwuwar buga yadudduka masu rai. Abun rikitarwa.
Zai iya magance matsalar ƙarancin gabobi don dasawa. Farashin waɗannan kayan aikin ci-gaba.
Kawar da buƙatar gwajin dabba. Bukatar pre-processing, ban da bayan aiwatarwa.
Gudu da daidaito. Har yanzu a cikin matakan gwaji.

Nau'in firintocin 3D bisa ga kayan aiki

Reel na PLA 3d firintar

Wata hanyar zuwa catalog 3D firintocin ita ce ta nau'in kayan da za su iya bugawa, kodayake wasu firintocin 3D na cikin gida da masana'antu suna karɓar nau'ikan kayan aiki don bugu (idan dai suna da halaye iri ɗaya, kamar narkewar batu,…), kamar yadda firinta na al'ada zai iya amfani da nau'ikan takarda daban-daban.

karfe 3D printers

bugu karfe

Duk karafa ba su dace da nau'ikan firintocin 3D daban-daban ba. A zahiri, ta amfani da wasu fasahohin da aka gani a sama, kaɗan ne kawai za a iya sarrafa su. The mafi na kowa karfe foda Ana amfani dashi a masana'antar ƙari sune:

  • Bakin karfe (iri iri)
  • Tool karfe (tare da daban-daban carbon abun da ke ciki)
  • Titanium alloys.
  • Aluminum gami.
  • Nickel na tushen superalloys, irin su Inconel (garin Ni-Cr austenitic).
  • Cobalt-chrome gami.
  • Copper tushen gami.
  • Karafa masu daraja (zinariya, azurfa, platinum,…).
  • M karafa (palladium, tantalum,…).

3D firintocin abinci

buga nama

Source: REUTERS/Amir Cohen

Ya fi kowa samun Firintocin 3D don yin abinci ta amfani da hanyoyin masana'anta ƙari. A wannan yanayin, wasu daga cikin mafi yawan su ne:

  • Abubuwan da ke aiki (prebiotics, probiotics, ma'adanai, bitamin, fatty acid, phytochemicals da sauran antioxidants).
  • Fiber.
  • Kitse
  • Nau'o'in carbohydrates daban-daban, kamar gari da sukari.
  • Sunadaran (dabba ko kayan lambu) don samar da nau'ikan nama.
  • Hydrogels, kamar gelatin, da alginate.
  • Chocolates.

Firintocin 3D na filastik

3D robobi

Tabbas, ɗayan abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don bugu na 3D, musamman ga firintocin 3D na gida, shine polymers:

Kasancewa masu shahara kuma suna da yawa, za mu sadaukar da labarin musamman a gare su.
  • Filastik kamar PLA, ABS, PET, PC, da sauransu.
  • Polymers masu girma kamar PEEK, PEKK, ULTEM, da dai sauransu.
  • Nau'in yadi na roba polyamides kamar nailan ko nailan.
  • Ruwa mai narkewa kamar HIPS, PVA, BVOH, da dai sauransu.
  • Mai sassauƙa kamar TPE ko TPU, kamar na wayoyin hannu na silicone.
  • Resins na tushen polymerization.

Har ila yau, idan za ku yi amfani da firinta na 3D don buga abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su a abinci, kamar kofuna, gilashin, faranti, kayan yanka, da dai sauransu, ya kamata ku san abin da abinci lafiya robobi:

  • PLA, PP, co-polyester, PET, PET-G, HIPS, nailan 6, ABS, ASA da PEI. Idan za ku yi amfani da su don wankewa a cikin injin wanki ko jure yanayin zafi mai girma, jefar da nailan, PLA da PET, tunda suna da lahani a yanayin zafi tsakanin 60-70ºC.

Abubuwan halittu

bioprinted jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin

Source: BloodBusiness.com

Game da 3D bioprinting, Hakanan zaka iya samun samfurori da kayan aiki iri-iri:

  • roba polymers.
  • Poly-L-lactic acid.
  • Biomolecules, kamar DNA.
  • Ƙananan danko bioinks tare da sel a cikin dakatarwa (takamaiman sel ko sel masu tushe). Tare da hyaluronic acid, collagen, da dai sauransu.
  • Karfe don prosthetics.
  • Sunadarai.
  • Abubuwan da aka haɗa.
  • Gelatin agarose.
  • kayan daukar hoto.
  • Acrylics da epoxy resins.
  • Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
  • Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)
  • Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
  • Polyurethane
  • Polyvinyl barasa (PVA)
  • Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)
  • Chitosan
  • Sauran manna, hydrogels da taya.

Composites da hybrids

carbon fiber, composites

Akwai kuma wasu matasan mahadi don firintocin 3D, ko da yake sun kasance sun fi ban sha'awa kuma sun bambanta sosai:

  • tushen PLA (70% PLA + 30% sauran kayan), kamar itace, bamboo, ulu, filament na kwalaba, da sauransu.
  • Composites (carbon fiber, fiberglass, kevlar, da dai sauransu).
  • Alumina (cakuda na polymers da aluminum powders).
  • Ceramics. Wasu misalan su ne porcelain, terracotta, da dai sauransu.
    • Metal oxides: alumina, zircon, quartz, da dai sauransu.
    • Ba-oxide tushen: silicon carbides, aluminum nitride, da dai sauransu.
    • Bioceramics: irin su hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), da dai sauransu.
  • Abubuwan da ke tushen siminti, kamar nau'ikan turmi daban-daban da siminti.
  • Nanomaterials da kayan wayo.
  • Da ƙarin sabbin abubuwa masu zuwa.

Dangane da amfani

Ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, nau'ikan firintocin 3D iri-iri kuma ana iya lissafta su bisa ga amfani abin da za a bayar:

Firintocin 3D na masana'antu

masana'antu 3d printer

da masana'antu 3D firintocinku Wani nau'in firinta ne na musamman. Yawancin lokaci suna da fasahar ci gaba, ban da girman girmansu, kuma ana farashi akan dubban Yuro. An tsara su don amfani da su a masana'antu, da za a yi su da sauri, daidai kuma da yawa. Kuma ana iya amfani da su a sassa kamar jirgin sama, lantarki da semiconductor, magunguna, motoci, gine-gine, sararin samaniya, motsa jiki, da dai sauransu.

da masana'antu 3d farashin firinta iya oscillate daga .4000 300.000 zuwa € XNUMX a wasu lokuta, dangane da girman, iri, samfuri, kayan aiki da fasali.

Manyan firintocin 3D

3d firinta

Ko da yake irin wannan manyan 3d printers za a iya haɗawa a cikin masana'antu, gaskiya ne cewa akwai wasu samfurori da aka tsara don amfani da su a waje da masana'antu, kamar wasu na'urori masu iya buga manyan sassa ga masu yin su da suke bukata, ga ƙananan kamfanoni, da dai sauransu. Ina nufin waɗannan samfuran waɗanda ba su da girma da tsada kamar na masana'antu, kamar Anycubic Chiron, Snapmaker 3D, Tronxy X5SA, Tevo Tornado, Creality CR 10S, Dremer DigiLab 3D20, da sauransu.

Firintocin 3D masu arha

arha 3d printer

Abubuwan hawa da yawa Firintocin 3D don amfanin gida, ko wasu ayyukan bude ido, irin su Prusa, Lulzbot, Voron, SeeMeCNC, BigFDM, Creality Ender, Ultimaker, da dai sauransu, da sauran nau'o'in da ke sayar da ƙananan firintocin 3D, sun kawo bugu na 3D zuwa gidaje da yawa. Abin da a baya wasu kamfanoni kaɗan ne kawai za su iya, yanzu za a iya farashi kama da na al'ada firintocinku.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan firintocin su ne yi nufi don amfani mai zaman kansa, irin su masu sha'awar DIY ko masu yin, ko kuma ga wasu masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu samfura akan lokaci-lokaci. Amma ba a tsara su don ƙirƙirar manyan samfura ba, ba yawa ko sauri ba. Kuma, galibi, an yi su ne da resin ko filament na filastik.

3d fensir

3d fensir

A ƙarshe, don kammala wannan labarin, ba na so in bar kaina a baya fensir 3D. Ba su ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan firintocin 3D kamar haka, amma suna da manufa ɗaya kuma suna iya zama da amfani sosai don ƙirƙirar wasu samfura masu sauƙi, ga yara, da sauransu.

Da farashi mai arha sosai, kuma asali ƙananan firintocin hannu ne masu siffa 3D da abin da za a yi zane-zane tare da girma. Yawancin lokaci suna amfani da filaments na filastik kamar PLA, ABS, da sauransu, kuma aikin su yana da sauƙi. Ainihin suna toshewa cikin hanyar wutar lantarki kuma suna zafi kamar ƙarfe ko bindigogi masu zafi. Wannan shine yadda suke narkar da robobin da zai gudana ta cikin tip don ƙirƙirar zane.

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