Multiplexer: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Un karaba yanki ne mai hadewa wanda yake da masarufi da yawa da kuma fitowar bayanai guda daya. Tare da wannan, yana yiwuwa a zaɓi hanyar ɗayan ƙofofinta kawai don ɗora ta zuwa fitowar ta. Wato, zaku iya zaɓar daga wane shigar don ɗaukar data ko bitar da ke wurin shigar sannan kuyi watsi da sauran abubuwan shigarwa. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin lantarki lokacin da hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa ke buƙatar raba layi ɗaya ko bas.

Wato, ta hanyar sarrafa multiplexer zaka iya zaɓi shigarwar da ta dace a kowane lokaci. Abin da ke sa ya yiwu duk da kasancewa da haɗi guda ɗaya kawai, kuna iya aiki tare da na'urorin shigar da abubuwa da yawa a lokaci guda ba tare da sun saɓa da juna ba. Hakanan, ya kamata ku sani cewa ana amfani da mai ƙaddamarwa gabaɗaya tare tare da multiplexer a cikin ayyuka da yawa ...

Menene multiplexer?

Wadannan sabis na haɗin gwiwa da ake kira mahara ba kasafai suke da rikitarwa ba. Sun haɗu ne da gatesan ƙofofin ƙira dangane da adadin abubuwan shigarwar su kuma sarrafawa na iya haɓaka rikitarwa. Suna yawan haɗawa 2ⁿ abubuwan shigarwa da fitarwa guda ɗaya, da layukan sarrafawa. Kuma zaka iya amfani da su da yawa a haɗe don ƙara yawan tikitin da ke akwai.

Ana iya fahimtar hakan mai zabe. Misali, kaga kana da mai sauqi qwarai da abubuwa guda biyu, mafi sauqi wanda za'a iya gina shi. Wannan da'irar zata sami shigarwar sarrafawa guda daya. Idan abubuwan shigarwar sune A da B, tare da shigarwar sarrafawa zaku iya sarrafawa idan shine A wanda ya ba da ƙimar sa zuwa fitarwa S ko kuma idan B shine yayi shi. Don yin wannan, kawai kuna bambanta darajar layin sarrafawa C. Misali, idan C = 0 zai zama A kuma idan C = 1 zai zama B.

Kamar yadda zaku fahimta, idan akwai ƙarin bayanai, za'a buƙaci ƙari abubuwan sarrafawa don zaɓi. A zahiri, multiplexer nau'ikan dikodi ne na musamman, tare da siginar kunnawa don kowannensu ya haɗa da AND ƙofar da kuma KO ƙofa tsakanin fitarwa da kuma ƙofofin. Wannan hanyar ana iya zaɓar shi cikin sauƙi.

Amma ga aikace-aikace, za ka iya amfani da shi saboda taron abubuwa:

• Mai zaɓin shigarwa don raba bas ko layi ɗaya lokacin da kuke da masarufi da yawa.
• Serializer don ya ɗauki ƙimar kowane kayan aikinta cikin tsari.
• Don watsawa da yawa ta amfani da layin haɗin iri ɗaya don bayanai daban-daban daga na'urori daban-daban. Misali, kaga cewa kana so kayi amfani da lambar data guda ta microcontroller don hada kayan masarufi da yawa, amma tana iya aiko da bayanai daya bayan daya ...
• Yi ayyuka masu ma'ana, da dai sauransu.

Multiplexer iri

Dogaro da yadda aka rarraba yaduwar, akwai iri daban-daban yawaita ko yawaita:

• Ta hanyar rarraba mita
• Ta hanyar rarraba lokaci
• Ta hanyar rarraba lamba
• Ta hanyar rarraba zango

Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, ana sarrafa su ta hanyar mitar, ta lokaci ta hanyar agogo, ta lambar binary, da kuma ta tsawon motsi. Amma a nan ni kawai ina sha'awar al'ada ne ...

Baya ga nau'ikan, kamar yadda yake tare da mai ƙira, za ku iya samun sa da shi karin ko channelsasa tashoshi 2, 4, 8, 16, da dai sauransu, gwargwadon abin da kuke buƙata don ayyukanku na DIY.

Bambanci tare da mai yanke hukunci

A cikin lantarki lantarki akwai mai sasauta, da'irar hadewa wacce take adawa da multiplexer. A wannan yanayin shigar da bayanai guda ɗaya za a yi, amma ana iya watsa shi ta hanyoyin da yake fitarwa. A wasu kalmomin, a wannan yanayin, siginar sarrafawa za ta yanke shawarar abin da aka shigar da bayanan shigar da shi.

Si zaka hada demultiplexer zuwa fitowar mai yawa, zaku iya amfani da tsarin amfani sosai don koyon yadda dukkan na'urorin suke aiki.

Inda zan saya?

Wadannan na'urori ana aiwatar dasu koyaushe a ciki tsoma kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai sauqi. Kuna iya samun su a cikin nau'ikan iri-iri iri daban-daban kuma tare da yawan abubuwan shigarwa ko kayan haɓakawa idan har kuna da ikon yin ɓarna. Kari akan haka, ana samun su cikin sauki a wasu kafafen yada labarai na musamman ko kuma shagunan kan layi. Idan kuna sha'awar siyan ɗaya a farashi mai kyau, waɗannan na iya zama kyawawan misalai don farawa tare da ayyukan ku:

• IT-tashar tashoshi da yawa
• 8-tashar multiplexer perel
• Babu kayayyakin samu.
• CD74HC4067 16-Channel Multiplexer / Demultiplexer

Ina baku shawara ku karanta da takaddun bayanan daga masana'antun su dan samun cikakken ra'ayin su kuraje, saboda suna iya bambanta dangane da masana'anta ko nau'in da kuka siya.

Saukewa: CD74HC4067

Kari akan haka, kamar yadda kake gani, akwai kuma wasu kayayyaki masu kyau wadanda zasu baka damar samun dukkan na'urorin guda daya. Lamarin ne na sanannun CD74HC4067, karamin modulu mai dauke da fasahar TTL wacce zata iya taimaka maka kayi aiki tare da banal din ta 16 ta hanyar hada hanya, ta hanyar samun MUX / DEMUX. Wato, zaku iya amfani da shi azaman nau'in sauyawa mai wayo.

Don haka, Arduino naka na iya karatu da rubutu har zuwa 16 na'urori daban-daban tare da fil 5 kawai, 4 daga cikinsu an yi amfani dasu don sarrafawa da ƙari ɗaya don tattara siginar da aka yi niyyar karantawa ko rubutawa bisa tashar da aka zaɓa.

Abu mai kyau game da wannan guntu shine yana aiki tare da sigina na dijital da na analog, don haka ya dace da na'urori masu auna sigina da yawa waɗanda ke aiki akan analog da sauran kwakwalwan dijital, da kuma ɗumbin abubuwan lantarki daban-daban. Yana ba da cikakkiyar fahimta. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka san su da masu fadada I / O ko kuma masu faɗakarwa da fitarwa ...

Kuna iya amfani dashi don sadarwa ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa, bas din I2C ko SPI, wanda mun riga munyi magana akansa a wasu lokutan.

Tabbas, kafin aiki tare da shi, dole ne ku tabbatar da hakan sadu da voltages da igiyoyin ruwa hakan ya yarda da wannan da'irar dan kar ya lalata ta. Misali, a wannan yanayin yana iya samarwa har zuwa 20 MA, kazalika da ƙarfin wuta na 2 zuwa 6v. Koyaya, idan kuna son yin aiki tare da manyan hanyoyin zaka iya amfani da gudun ba da sanda ko kuma ta hanyar transistor.

Haɗuwa tare da Arduino

A nau'i na sami ƙarin bayanai a kan allon Arduino ko ƙarin samfura, shine amfani da waɗannan mahara da yawa da kuma masu lalata abubuwa. Tare da su zaku guje wa siyen farashi mai tsada wanda ke da ƙarin fil, ko kuma yin amfani da wasu dabaru don haɗa duk abin da kuke buƙata.

Misali, zaka iya amfani da MUX da DEMUX module iya samun duka a cikin abu guda, sannan a haɗa shi ta hanya mai sauƙi zuwa aikinku tare da Arduino. Tare da CD74HC4067 zaka iya hada shi cikin sauki, saboda haka dole ne ka bi wadannan ka'idojin:

• Vcc na guntun MUX / DEMUX dole ne ka haɗa shi da Vcc na Arduino ko 5V.
• GND, ƙasa, dole ne ku haɗa shi da GND na Arduino.
• Fil din da aka yiwa alama S0, S1, S2, S3 sune suke kula da tashar da ke aiki, tare da I / O dijital na Arduino guda huɗu, kamar D8, D9, D10 da D11.
• Hakanan EN yana aiki, saboda yana aiki azaman mai yawa kuma zaka iya haɗa shi da GND na Arduino.
• Kuma SIG siginar fitarwa ce wacce zata ƙayyade tashar da aka zaɓa. Ana iya haɗa shi da Arduino ko kuma duk wata na'ura da ke buƙatar karanta abubuwan da ake fitarwa. A wannan yanayin na haɗa shi zuwa A0 don samun ƙimomin daga Arduino kanta.
• A ɗaya ƙarshen ƙarshen koyayen zaka sami bayanai a wannan yanayin, waɗanda sune C0-C10 waɗanda zaka iya haɗawa da na'urorinka.

Da zarar an haɗa, lambar Arduino na iya zama mai sauƙi. Da Arduino IDE zane azaman multiplexer Zai iya zama mai zuwa (wannan lambar kawai zata kashe kuma akan tashoshin su bi da bi, amma zaka iya gyaggyara shi don yin aikin da kake so):

const int muxSIG = A0;
const int muxS0 = 8;
const int muxS1 = 9;
const int muxS2 = 10;
const int muxS3 = 11;
 
int SetMuxChannel(byte channel)
{
   digitalWrite(muxS0, bitRead(channel, 0));
   digitalWrite(muxS1, bitRead(channel, 1));
   digitalWrite(muxS2, bitRead(channel, 2));
   digitalWrite(muxS3, bitRead(channel, 3));
}
 
void setup()
{
   pinMode(muxSIG, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS0, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS2, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS3, OUTPUT);
}
 
void loop()
{
   for (byte i = 0; i < 16; i++)
   {
      SetMuxChannel(i);
      digitalWrite(muxSIG, HIGH);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(muxSIG, LOW);
      delay(200);
   }
}

Idan kuna son amfani da shi azaman DEMUX, yakamata kuyi la'akari da cewa C0-C10 zai zama kayan aiki kuma SIG zai zama shigarwar. Idan kana so yi amfani da shi azaman demultiplexer, lambar zata canza kamar haka:

onst int muxSIG = A0;
const int muxS0 = 8;
const int muxS1 = 9;
const int muxS2 = 10;
const int muxS3 = 11;
 
int SetMuxChannel(byte channel)
{
   digitalWrite(muxS0, bitRead(channel, 0));
   digitalWrite(muxS1, bitRead(channel, 1));
   digitalWrite(muxS2, bitRead(channel, 2));
   digitalWrite(muxS3, bitRead(channel, 3));
}
 
void setup()
{
   Serial.begin(9600);
   pinMode(muxS0, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS2, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(muxS3, OUTPUT);
}
 
void loop()
{
   for (byte i = 0; i < 16; i++)
   {
      SetMuxChannel(i);
      byte muxValue = analogRead(muxSIG);
 
      Serial.print(muxValue);
      Serial.print("\t");
   }
   Serial.println();
   delay(1000);
}

Ka tuna cewa zaka iya samun ƙarin bayani tare da taimakon namu karatun Arduino kyauta.