555 hadedde da'ira shine ɗayan shahararrun kwakwalwan kwamfuta da zaku samu a cikin Kayan lantarki. Yana iya zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar NE555, NE555C, LMC555, TLC555, uA555, MC1455, LM555, da dai sauransu. Dalilin da ya sa yana daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri shi ne nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da za a iya amfani da su kamar yadda kuke gani a nan.
A cikin wannan jagorar za ku koya duk abin da kuke bukata game da wannan guntu, da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan ku na gaba, shawarwarin don siyan sa mai arha, da dai sauransu.
Menene NE555?
NE555, ko kuma kawai 555, IC ce da ake amfani da ita haifar da bugun jini, oscillations ko azaman mai ƙidayar lokaci. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da shi azaman oscillator, don haifar da jinkiri, da dai sauransu. Kuna iya samun shi gabaɗaya a cikin fakiti daban-daban, kodayake mafi yawanci shine 8-pin DIP (akwai bambance-bambancen 14-pin), kodayake yana iya kasancewa a cikin kunshin ƙarfe madauwari har ma a cikin SMD don hawan saman.
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sami nau'ikan NE555 tare da ƙarancin amfani, har ma iri biyu. A cikin wadannan juyi biyu, an haɗa da'irar iri guda 2 a ciki, tare da pins sau biyu da ake kiranta 556.
A matakin fasaha, dole ne a ci gaba da sarrafa wannan da'irar tare da irin ƙarfin lantarki na Vcc, kuma abin da ake fitarwa zai iya samun ingantaccen ƙarfin halin yanzu don zama da'irar haɗaɗɗiyar. A gaskiya ma, wannan guntu zai iya ma kai tsaye tuƙi relays da sauran manyan magudanan ruwa ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan da aka gyara ba. Amma, tana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin abubuwan haɗin waje don samun damar aiki (a sarrafa su).
Mutane da yawa za su yi mamakin menene abin da ke cikin wannan hadedde kewaye. A cikin NE555, kamar yadda ake iya gani a hoton da ya gabata, akwai zane mai shinge tare da guda biyu Amplifiers na aiki an ɗora su azaman comparators, nau'in RS nau'in bistable da'ira da ke amfani da kayan aikin sa da ba a so, mai jujjuya fitarwa don tallafawa wannan fitarwa na yanzu, da transistor da ake amfani da shi don fitar da capacitor na waje don lokaci.
A gefe guda kuma, akwai kuma 3 na ciki resistors waɗanda ke da alhakin saitawa matakan tunani na shigar da inverter na farkon aiki, kuma a cikin rashin jujjuyawar na biyu, a 2/3 da 1/3 na ƙarfin lantarki Vcc bi da bi. Ana nufin ƙarfin lantarki kofa na Terminal 6, idan ya wuce 2/3 na wutar lantarki ko Vcc, to, fitarwar za ta tafi zuwa babban matakin tunani (1) kuma a sanya shi a kan shigar da R na bistable, don haka abin da ba a so ya koma 1, saturating. transistor da fara fitar da capacitor na waje. A lokaci guda, fitarwa na 555 zai ragu (0).
En sauran omp, Idan wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ga shigarwar jujjuyawar ta faɗi ƙasa da 1/3 na Vcc, fitarwar amplifier ɗin zai tafi babban matakin (1), don haka ciyar da shigarwar bistable S, yana wucewa da fitarwa zuwa ƙananan matakin (0), yana juya transistor. kashewa kuma yana haifar da fitar da NE555 zuwa ma'ana babba (1).
A ƙarshe, akwai kuma a sake saitin tasha akan fil 4, an haɗa zuwa shigarwar R1 na flip flop bistable. Lokacin da aka kunna wannan fil ɗin hankali low (0), zai iya dawo da fitarwar NE555 zuwa ƙasa (0) duk lokacin da ake buƙatar sake saiti.
Takardar bayanai:NE555
da Bayanan Bayani na NE555, ko da yake yana iya bambanta dangane da nau'ikan da masana'anta, mafi yawan abin da kuka samu shine:
- Vcc ko shigar da wutar lantarki: 4.5 zuwa 15V (akwai sigogi har zuwa 2V). Waɗannan 5V sun dace da dangin dabaru na TTL.
- Shigarwa na yanzu (Vcc + 5v): 3 zu6mA
- Shigar da halin yanzu (Vcc 5v): 10 zu15mA
- Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu: 500 MA
- Matsakaicin iko ya lalace: 600 MA
- Mafi ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki: 30mW@5V da 225mW@15V
- Yanayin zafin aiki: 0ºC zuwa 70ºC. Tsayin mitar shine 0,005% kowace ºC.
Farashin NE555
NE555, a cikin mafi yawan kunshin sa, yana da 8 pin. da pinout shine mai zuwa:
- GND(1): shine mummunan sandar wutar lantarki, wanda gabaɗaya ke zuwa ƙasa.
- Harba ko tsokana (2): Wannan fil ɗin yana saita farkon lokacin jinkiri idan an saita shi azaman mai sauƙi. Lokacin da wannan fil ɗin yana da ƙasa da 1/3 na ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki, faɗakarwar zata faru.
- Fita ko fita (3): shine inda aka samo sakamakon mai ƙidayar lokaci, ko a cikin yanayin barga, mai sauƙi, da dai sauransu.
- Sake yi ko sake saiti (4): Idan ya yi ƙasa da 0.7 volts, zai ja ƙananan fitilun fitarwa. Idan ba a yi amfani da wannan fil ɗin ba, yakamata a haɗa shi da wuta don hana mai ƙidayar lokaci sake saiti.
- Ikon wutar lantarki ko sarrafawa (5): Lokacin da NE555 ke cikin yanayin mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki akan wannan fil zai bambanta daga Vcc zuwa kusan 0V. Ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a canza lokuta, ko kuma ana iya daidaita shi don samar da bugun jini.
- Kofa ko kofa (6): shine fil ɗin shigarwa don kwatancen ciki wanda ake amfani dashi don ja da ƙasa ƙasa.
- Sauke ko fitarwa (7): Ana amfani da shi don fitar da ingantaccen capacitor na waje da ake amfani da shi don lokaci.
- Vdc (8): shine ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki, tashar tashar da ake ciyar da guntu tare da ƙarfin lantarki daga 4.5v zuwa 16v.
Koyaushe tuna karanta takardar bayanan masana'anta, Kamar yadda za'a iya samun bambance-bambance tsakanin samfuran 555 daban-daban. Har ila yau, tabbatar da cewa kuna amfani da guntu daidai, lura da cewa darajan da ke gaba yana fuskantar har zuwa daidaita wannan pinout.
Tarihin 555
Da'irar 555 ko NE555 ta kasance Hans R. Cammenzind ne ya tsara shi a cikin 1971. Ina aiki da Signetics (a halin yanzu mallakar NXP Semiconductor). Hans ya riga ya sami gogewa a irin wannan nau'in ayyukan, a baya yana ƙira amplifiers ta pulse width modulation (PWM) don kayan aikin sauti, shi ma yana sha'awar PLLs, da dai sauransu.
Cammenzind zai ba da shawara ga Signetics don haɓakawa kewayen duniya bisa ga PLLs kuma zai nemi masu gudanar da kamfani su bunkasa shi da kansa, ta yin amfani da albarkatun kamfani don musanya don yanke albashinsa a rabi. Manajan tallace-tallace na kamfanin ya yarda da shawarar, duk da cewa sauran abokan aikin kamfanin sun yi iƙirarin cewa za a iya maye gurbin ayyukan 555 na gaba tare da sauran kwakwalwan kwamfuta da ake da su.
Aikin zai dauka lambar 5xx da aka sanya wa analog ICs. Kuma a ƙarshe za a zaɓi lambar 555. Za a sake fasalin ƙirar farko a cikin 1971 kuma, kodayake babu kurakurai, yana da fil 9. Cammenzind yana da ra'ayin yin amfani da resistor kai tsaye maimakon tushen tushen yanzu kuma ya rage buƙatar fil zuwa 8 na yanzu.
The aikin zane tare da 8 fil zai kashe a na biyu zane review Kuma a ƙarshe an gabatar da samfurin a cikin Oktoba 1971. Ɗaya daga cikin injiniyoyin Signetics da ke halarta a farkon bita zai ci gaba da samun wani kamfani kuma ya yi nasa nau'in 9-pin. A halin yanzu, masu sigina sun fara kera da tallata NE555 da zarar sun iya. A cikin 1972 kamfanoni 12 ne suka kera shi kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin da'irori mafi kyawun siyarwa.
NE555 aikace-aikace
tsakanin NE555 aikace-aikace akwai waɗanda ke zama mai ƙidayar lokaci ko madaidaicin ƙidayar lokaci. Ko da yake an gabatar da shi a asali azaman da'irar jinkiri, ba da daɗewa ba ta sami aikace-aikace masu ƙididdigewa kamar yin aiki azaman oscillator mai astable, janareta na ramp, mai ƙidayar lokaci, da sauransu. Wannan shi ne yadda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka fi amfani da su har yau.
555 daidaitawa
da Saukewa: NE555 an yi su da jerin capacitors da resistors da aka haɗa da fil ɗin su. Ta haka za ku iya canza lokaci ko yanayin aiki na wannan IC. Anan akwai wasu saitunan gama gari:
- Daidaitaccen tsari: a wannan yanayin, fitar da NE555 da farko zai zama 0 (ƙananan matakin), kuma transistor za a cika shi da hana capacitor C1 daga caji. Idan an danna maɓallin, ana amfani da ƙananan wutan lantarki zuwa tashar tashoshi kuma yana haifar da flip-flop don canza yanayi da fitarwa zuwa 1 (high level). A wannan yanayin, transistor na ciki ya daina aiki kuma ana cajin capacitor C1 ta hanyar resistor R1 na waje. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta capacitor ya wuce 2/3 na ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vcc), bistable yana canza yanayinsa kuma abin da ake fitarwa ya koma 0.
- Tsabtace: A cikin wannan sauran tsarin, idan aka haɗa shi da wutar lantarki, ana cire capacitor, kuma aikin NE555 yana ƙaruwa (1) har sai capacitor ya kai 2/3 na Vcc da lodi. A wannan lokacin, RS flip-flop yana canzawa matakin kuma fitowar 555 ta zama 0 ko ƙasa. A wannan lokacin capacitor C1 (ko C a cikin hoton) ya fara fitarwa ta hanyar resistor R2 kuma idan ya kai 1/3 na wutar lantarki, sai ya sake yin caji da sauransu yayin da ake kiyaye kayan.
- Kanfigareshan don sake saiti: idan kuna son sake saita da'irar, zaku iya haɗa tashar sake saiti kai tsaye zuwa sandar madaidaiciya ko kiyaye matakin sama ta hanyar resistor. Lokacin da maɓallin da aka nuna a cikin zane mai zuwa ya kunna, NE555 zai sami fitarwa a 0 lokacin da ake so. Yana kama da sake kunna lokacin ko sanya shi cikin yanayin barci.
- Modulation na Nisa Pulse (PWM): za a iya amfani da siginar madaidaicin matakin zuwa shigar da sarrafawa na NE555, yana haifar da bugun bugun jini ya karu da faɗi yayin da matakin wannan ƙarfin ya karu. Hakanan za'a iya sanya bugun jini ya zo tare da ƙarin ko žasa jinkiri yayin da ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi a kan shigar da sarrafawa yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa.
Inda zaka sayi NE555 mai arha
Kuna iya samun shi a cikin shagunan kayan lantarki na musamman, kodayake kuma yana da sauƙin samunsa akan Amazon akan farashi mai kyau. Wasu misalan samfuran da aka ba da shawarar Su ne:
- Case tare da janareta bugun bugun jini 50 NE555P
- NE555 module don samun damar amfani da shi cikin sauƙi tare da Arduino.
- Fakitin raka'a 10 NE555N tare da kwasfansu masu dacewa.