Wani sabon labarin don ƙara sabon "memba" ga dangin Kayan lantarki bincikar a cikin wannan shafin. Wannan lokacin lokaci ne na lantarki capacitor, wani nau'ine na kowa wanda zai iya amfani da shi wanda zaka iya sanin dukkan abubuwanda kake bukatar sani dan fara amfani dashi a ayyukan ka na gaba.
Bugu da kari, yana da ban sha'awa mu san halaye na fasaha na wadannan masu karfin, da bambance-bambance daga yumbu capacitors, kazalika da fa'idodi da rashin amfani ...
Menene capacitor? 
Un capacitor, ko ƙarfin lantarki, Yana da mahimmin kayan lantarki wanda yake aiki azaman tafki, yana adana cajin lantarki a cikin sifa mai yuwuwa don sakin shi daga baya.
La adana shit an adana shi a kan faranti masu sarrafawa guda biyu waɗanda za a iya aiwatar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ya danganta da nau'ikan da fasalin ƙarfin wutan lantarki. Kuma don rufe su da wutar lantarki, akwai takaddun dielectric, wato, na kayan insulating. Don haka an sami nasarar cewa waɗannan caji ana adana su a cikin waɗannan garkuwar ba tare da yin tuntuɓar ba (aƙalla idan kwandastan yana cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma bai huda ba...).
Ana cajin faranti da nauyin caji daidai (q), amma tare da alamu daban-daban. Daya zai + wani kuma -. Da zarar an caje ka, za ka iya isar da kaya sake shi a hankali ta hanyar tashoshin da aka yi amfani da su don loda shi.
Af, ƙarfin caji na lantarki da yake adanawa ana auna shi a cikin Farads. Relativelyananan ƙananan ƙungiya don ƙananan ƙarfin da aka saba amfani dasu a cikin ayyukan lantarki na yau da kullun. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da ƙananan abubuwa kamar microfarads (µF) ko picofarad (pF), wani lokacin kuma nanofarad (nF) da millifarad (mF). A zahiri, idan a aikace kuna son isa ƙarfin 1 F, kuna buƙatar yanki na 1011 m2 kuma hakan ya wuce gona da iri ...
A gefe guda, ana auna jikin a Coulombs, kuma idan kuna mamakin tsarin don yin lissafi, yakamata ku san menene:
C = q / V
Wato, damar mai karfin a tsakanin faranti masu sarrafawa guda biyu daidai yake da caji a Coulombs tsakanin karfin wuta ko kuma bambancin da yake tsakanin (volts) tsakanin iyakar biyu ko kuma tashar tashar wutar.
Daga wannan tsarin mutum zai iya bayyanannu V don samun ƙarfin lantarki:
V = q / C
Lokacin da aka caji caji, ba haka bane zai sauke nan take. Kamar yadda na ambata a sama, zai yi shi kadan kadan, kamar dai yadda ya loda. Lokutan za su dogara ne da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin da juriya a jere da ita. Thearin ƙarfin juriya, mafi wahalarwa zai iya wucewa halin yanzu zuwa na'urar ƙarfin kuma tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka don cajin.
Da zarar an caji caji, ba zai ƙara karɓar caji ba kuma zai yi kama da a bude mabudin. Ma'ana, tsakanin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu za'a iya samun bambance-bambancen amma babu wani abu da zai gudana.
Da zarar kana so fitarwa capacitorHakanan zaiyi shi a hankali gwargwadon juriya da ƙarfin ƙarfin wutan lantarki, ɗaukar ƙarami ko lessasa lokaci.
da dabara don tantance lokacin lodawa da sauke kaya na capacitor sune:
t = 5RC
Wato, lokacin cajin / fitarwa da aka auna a cikin sakan zai zama daidai da sau biyar juriya a jeri (a ohms) tare da capacitor da cajinsa. Idan juriya ta kasance mai ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki, za ku iya ma bambanta lokacin da zai fitar ko caji fiye da ƙasa da sauri ...
Menene ƙarfin lantarki?
hay daban-daban na capacitors, kamar masu canji, iska, yumbu da lantarki. Amma shine kebul na lantarki da kuma yumbu capacitor ne suka sami karbuwa kuma sune sukafi amfani da lantarki.
El lantarki capacitor Nau'in motsa jiki ne wanda yake amfani da ruwa mai ɗauke dashi kamar ɗayan faranti. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawanci yana da ƙarfin aiki kowane juzu'i fiye da sauran nau'ikan kwantena. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da su ko'ina cikin da'irori kamar su masu daidaita sigina a cikin samar da wutar lantarki, oscillators, janareto mita, da dai sauransu.
A wannan nau'in masu karfin a lantarki wanda shine aluminium oxide da aka daskarar akan takardar sha. Wannan shine abin da zai hana garkuwoyi ko ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfe caji.
Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin hoton, ban da irin ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun radial (tashoshin su suna yankin da ke ƙasa), akwai kuma axial, wanda ke da gine-ginen kama da masu tsayayyar al'ada, ma'ana, suna da tasha a kowane bangare. Amma wannan ba ya canza halaye ko aikin sa kwata-kwata ...
Inda zan siya
Idan kana so sayi na'urar lantarki, zaka iya samun saukinsa a cikin shagunan lantarki na musamman ko ka siya su a dandamali irin na Amazon. Ga wasu shawarwari:
- Akwati tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na iyawa daban-daban.
- Box tare da kayan aiki na kayan haɗin yumbu capacitors na ƙarfin daban-daban.
- Babu kayayyakin samu.
- Babu kayayyakin samu.
Kamar yadda kake gani, su wani bangare ne quite mai sauki...
Bambanci da yumbu capacitors
Akwai bambanta Waɗannan sanannu ne tsakanin mai yuran yumbu da kera wutar lantarki, kuma ba wai kawai saboda na ƙarshen suna da ƙarin caji da ƙarfi ba, har ma da wasu dalilai:
- Idan muka tsaya kawai ga bayyanuwa, yumbu capacitor galibi ana kama shi ne da lentil, yayin da wutan lantarki kuwa yana da silinda.
- Yumbu capacitor yana amfani da murfin karfe biyu a tashoshinsa don adana caji. Electroarfin wutar lantarki yana da takaddar ƙarfe da ruwa mai ionic kawai.
- Yawancin masu ƙarfin lantarki suna da haɗin kai, ma'ana, suna da + da - tashar da dole ne ku girmama. Ba haka batun yake da yumbu ba, ba komai yadda zaka saka su a cikin da'irar.
- Wannan yana nuna cewa ana iya amfani da tukwane a cikin canzawa ko madaidaiciyar da'irorin yanzu, yayin da kawai ana amfani da wutan lantarki a cikin da'irorin yanzu.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Idan aka kwatanta da yumbu capacitor, wutan lantarki yana da jerin abũbuwan da rashin amfani:
- Kasancewa mai rarrabuwar kai, zai iyakance amfani da shi a cikin sauye-sauye na yanzu. Duk da yake yumbu, kamar yadda ba'a raba shi ba, zaiyi aiki tare da DC da AC ba ruwansu.
- Capacarfin wutar lantarki yana da ƙarfi sosai, amma kuma yana da girma. Ceramics suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi, amma za'a iya haɗa su da kyau a cikin ƙananan na'urori.
- Ba su da kariya daga wasu tasirin girgiza inji. Wasu yumbu na iya ɗaukar vibrations kuma su canza su zuwa canje-canjen siginar lantarki da ba'a so, kamar dai makirufo ne ... Wannan shine tasirin tasirin yumbu yayin matse shi ko girgiza shi (duba Xtal, piezoelectrics, ...).
- Capacarfin wutar lantarki yana amfani da rufin inshora mai larurar manyan layuka, saboda haka ba zasu yi aiki don wasu nau'ikan da'irori ba. Ceramics sun fi tsayayya ga babban ƙarfin lantarki.