LM317: duk game da daidaitaccen mai daidaita wutar lantarki

LM317

Un mai sanya wutar lantarki ko mai sanya wutar lantarki ƙaramar na'urar lantarki ce wacce zata iya yin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin da'ira. Ana yawan ganin shi a cikin abubuwa kamar kayan wuta da adaftar wuta. A wannan yanayin, LM317 ƙaramin daidaitaccen mai daidaita wutar lantarki ne wanda aka lullubeshi cikin garkuwa kwatankwacin abin da muka gani a yanayin transistors.

Mutane da yawa lantarki ko masu yin amfani da LM317 sau da yawa don wasu ayyukan inda kuke buƙatar aiki tare da ƙarfin lantarki ko inda yake canzawa daga wani nau'in lantarki zuwa wani, da dai sauransu A waɗannan yanayin, siginar wutar lantarki da aka lalata ko tasirin tasirin siginar yayin sauyawa daga canzawa zuwa yanzu zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu bai dace da samar da da'ira ta kai tsaye ba idan ba a yi aiki da ita a baya da irin wannan na'urar ba.

LM317

LM317 zane-zane na ciki

El LM317 Yana da matukar shahara tare da daidaitaccen masu daidaita wutar lantarki a can. Daya daga cikin sanannun masana'antun wannan na'urar lantarki shine TI (Kayan Kayan Texas). Yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, amma yana da amfani sosai ga da'ira saboda yana iya samun ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun a shigarwar sa da kuma samar da ƙarfin lantarki a cikin mafi yawan yanayin yau da kullun akan fitowar sa.

Ba shine farkon farkon zamiya mai daidaitaccen tarihi ba, a zahiri, ɗayan ɗayan ne na sabuwar cikin jerin cigaba zuwa jerin sliders. An fara duka tare da LM117, na farko duka. Sa'annan LM337 da zan yi magana a kansa a sakin layi na ƙarshe na wannan sashe sannan LM317 zai biyo baya, wanda ya zama mafi mashahuri a cikinsu duka.

Kullum zaka iya sarrafa damuwa na 1,2 zuwa 37 volts, tare da igiyoyin 1.5 A. Duk wannan a cikin ƙarami kaɗan kuma tare da fil ko fuloti uku kawai. Ofayan su shine shigarwar da aka yiwa alama tare da haruffa IN, wani fitarwa ko OUT kuma a ƙarshe saitin ko ADJ. Idan muka ɗauki LM317 kai tsaye, tsakiyar fil shine fitarwa. Bangarorin zasu kasance ADJ (hagu) da IN (dama).

Idan kana neman LM317 haɓaka, ma'ana, na'urar mai sanya wutar lantarki amma ga mummunan lahani, tunda LM317 yana aiki tare da masu kyau kawai, to zaku iya zaɓar LM337. Wannan zai zama madaidaiciyar mafita idan kuna son daidaita ƙananan ƙa'idodi.

2n2222 transistor
Labari mai dangantaka:
2N2222 transistor: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Bayanin fasaha da takaddun bayanai

LM317 Datasheet (Kama)

LM317 yana da jerin halaye na fasaha masu ban mamaki kamar:

  • Nau'in mai sarrafa wutar lantarki: daidaitacce
  • Voltages: daga 1.25 zuwa 37v
  • Sakamakon fitarwa: 1.5 A
  • Kariyar kariya ta sobrecalentamiento
  • Package: Yana da nau'ikan marufi daban-daban, kamar SOT-223, TO-220, da TO-263.
  • Haƙurin ƙarfin lantarki fitarwa 1%
  • La iyakance ta yanzu baya dogara da yawan zafin jiki ba
  • Kariyar surutu shigarwa (RR = 80dB)
  • Zai iya aiki a yanayin zafi mai zafi, har zuwa 125ºC

Kun riga kun san cewa duk cikakkun bayanan fasaha zaku iya shiga cikin bayanan bayanan bayar da masana'antun. Kuna iya zazzage PDF ɗin don LM317 daga tashar yanar gizon TI ta wannan mahaɗin.

Misalin amfani

samar da lantarki (kewaye)

hay ɗimbin da'ira masu amfani ta amfani da LM317, amma wataƙila ɗayan mafi ban mamaki yayin da kake karatun lantarki shine lokacin da suke koya maka yadda ingantaccen wutar lantarki yake aiki, tunda duk aikin yana da kyau ƙwarai da gaske a hanya mai amfani da kuma ƙwarewa.

Ina so ku kula da hoto a wannan sashin, ya kusa hanyar zagaye na samar da wuta. A ciki zaku ga cewa akwai jerin matakai waɗanda yanzu zan yi bayani dalla-dalla, kuma a cikin kowane ɗayan ƙaramin jadawalin da aka saka wanda ke nuna yadda siginar lantarki ke bi ta wannan ɓangaren kewayen:

  1. Gidan wuta: a farko muna da tiransifoma mai karkace guda biyu wacce aka yiwa alama kamar N1 da N2. Abin da mai canza wuta ya samu shine sauya ƙarfin lantarki mai shigar da shi, misali ƙarfin lantarki na 220v da muke dashi a cikin filogin da muke haɗa wutar lantarki dashi. Kuma wannan babban ƙarfin AC yana canza shi zuwa ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki, ya dogara da aikace-aikacen. Misali, zaka iya canza wadancan 220v zuwa 12v don amfani da na'urar lantarki. Kuna iya bincika cewa shigarwar Ve wata alama ce ta sauya ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa kuma a fitowar mai jujjuyawar ku kuma kuna da madaidaicin halin yanzu amma tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki (V1).
  2. Diode gada: to, muna ganin diodes guda huɗu da aka haɗa ta wata hanya ta musamman. An san shi da gada ta diode kuma cewa 12v alternating voltage zai shiga ta cikin gada don gyara. Idan muka kalli jadawalin, mun fita daga siginar AC ta sinusoidal zuwa masu lankwasa kawai na ƙarfin lantarki, kawar da ɓangaren mara kyau.
  3. Maƙarƙashiya: Capacarfin wutar lantarki yana satar da sakamakon siginar gada, ma'ana, waɗancan tsallen tsallen da aka wakilta a cikin jadawalin zai iya shafan ƙarfin capacitor sannan ƙarfin wutan ɗin a hankali zai saki. Sakamakon layi ne tare da wasu masu lankwasa, amma yafi laushi. Yana zama kamar layin madaidaiciya gaba ɗaya, ma'ana, halin yanzu kai tsaye.
  4. Stabilizer: shine mataki na ƙarshe, kuma kodayake ana kiran sa haka, yana da ƙarfin sarrafa wutar lantarki kamar LM317. Samun siginar da aka gyara gaba ɗaya lokacin tashi. Wato, waɗannan ƙananan tsalle-tsalle waɗanda tsoffin ƙarfin wuta ko matakin da suka gabata suka bayar, yanzu an gama lalatasu kwata-kwata kuma layi ne madaidaiciya. Wannan shine, muna da ƙarfin lantarki na 12v a cikin lamarin mu. Sabili da haka, yanzu zamu iya cewa muna da halin kai tsaye.

Wannan shine yadda ake samun wutar lantarki tafi daga AC zuwa DC, kamar wanda PC zai iya kasancewa a ciki ko kamar cajin wayar hannu, da dai sauransu. Ina tsammanin shine mafi kyawun misali don koyo game da ainihin abin da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ke yi, maimakon bayyana shi ta hanyar ka'idoji wanda watakila wani abu ne mafi ƙarancin abu kuma mai rikitarwa.

Saboda haka, a cikin waɗannan duka da'irorin da ake bukatar karfin wuta ya daidaita su kuma gyara ƙananan raunin sigina, koyaushe zaka iya amfani da mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki kamar LM317. Idan kana da na'urar oscilloscope ko na'urar kwaikwayo ta software a gida, kana iya gwada wannan da'irar a hoton kuma kayi gwaji a wurare daban-daban a cikin da'irar don ganin yadda siginar ke wucewa daga wannan jihar zuwa waccan.

Ina fatan wannan sakon zai taimaka muku sosai ... da LM317 bashi da asiri a gare ku yanzu.


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  1.   Luis m

    Yayi cikakken bayanin komai. Na gode sosai, Ina tsammanin zan ɗora shi nan ba da daɗewa ba. gaisuwa mai kyau