LM7805: duk game da mai sanya wutar lantarki

LM7805

El LM7805 mai daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ne, amma kar a rude shi da mai rarraba wutar lantarki wanda muka riga muka yi magana a kansa a cikin wani labarinmu na baya. Bugu da kari, ba wai kawai wani mai kula da lantarki bane, amma yana daya daga cikin wadanda masu amfani da shi suke amfani dashi kuma a ayyukan DIY na kowane iri. Aikin ta, kamar yadda sunan ta ya nuna, shine tsara siginar lantarki na wata da'ira wacce aka hade ta.

Wani ɓangaren da ba koyaushe yake da ƙimar daraja ba kuma cewa, a wasu lokuta, ana ba da shi don ayyukan da yawa. Amma hakan daidai ne mahimmanci idan kuna son siginar ƙarfin lantarki mai karko. Musamman mahimmanci shine LM7805 lokacin ƙirƙirar kewaya wutar lantarki don da'irorinmu. Misali, don ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki ta gida tare da wasu halaye, ɗayan waɗannan masu kula bazai ɓace ba.

Menene mai kula da lantarki?

LM7805 zagaye na ciki

Un ƙarfin lantarki ko mai sarrafa wutar lantarki kamar LM7805 na'urar ne da ke iya sauya siginar lantarki tana samun shigarta ne tare da isar da siginar wutar lantarki daban a fitarta. A wancan fitowar, ƙarfin lantarki yawanci ƙananan ne kuma tare da wasu halaye waɗanda ake buƙata don kauce wa haɗari ko don da'irar da aka ciyar da ita don ta yi aiki da kyau, idan tana kula da bambancin lantarki.

Don yin wannan ya yiwu, mai ba da wutar lantarki yana da kewayen ciki tare da jerin masu adawa da transistors bipolar da aka haɗa ta irin wannan hanyar da ke ba da damar daidaita siginar ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar da ta dace. Kuna iya ganin da'irar ciki wacce aka haɗa cikin kunshin wannan na'urar a hoton da ke sama.

A kasuwa akwai masu sarrafa wutar lantarki daban-dabanhaka ne, mafi yawansu ba su da arha. Baya ga LM7805 zaku kuma sami 7809, 7806, 7812, da dai sauransu, daga dangin 78xx. Kodayake a cikin wannan labarin za mu mai da hankali kan 7805, kasancewa ɗayan mashahurai.

La bambanci tsakanin mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da mai rarraba shi tashin hankali ya bayyana. Mai rarrabuwa ya raba wutar lantarki ta shigarwa zuwa wasu voltages da yawa kasa da abinda take fitarwa, amma baya gyara siginar don wutar lantarki. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin mai sanya wutar lantarki, ana samun irin wannan karfin wuta a fitarwa, amma tare da siginar ya fi daidai da wanda aka samu a kayan aikinsa.

Aikace-aikacen mai sarrafa wutar lantarki

Sigina daga wutar lantarki

Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, ana iya amfani da IC kamar LM7805 don abubuwa da yawa. Misali, wutar lantarki yawanci suna haɗa ɗayan jerin 78xx. A zahiri, samar da wuta, kamar yadda muka bayyana a cikin labarin da ya gabata, ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:

  • Gidan wuta: yana yiwuwa a canza ƙarfin shigarwa na 220v zuwa mai dacewa daga 12, 6, 5, 3, 3.3 ko kowane ƙimar.
  • Gyaran gado: to wannan siginar zata sami wutar lantarki da ta dace, amma zai ci gaba da kasancewa wata alama ce ta daban, bayan wucewa ta wannan gada ana kaucewa siginar mara kyau.
  • Masu iya aiki: yanzu siginar tana da siffar tuddai, ma'ana, na wasu hanzari irin na lantarki wanda idan akazo wucewa ta wutan lantarki za'a lafe shi, kasancewar kusan layi ne madaidaiciya.
  • Mai kula da tashin hankali: a ƙarshe, mai sarrafawa zai tsaftace wannan siginar don ya zama cikakke kuma ya daidaita, ma'ana, ya mai da shi sigina na yau da kullun.

Sauran misali aikace-aikace na mai sarrafa wutar lantarki zai kasance ne don ciyar da wasu hadaddun da'irorin da ba za'a iya ciyar dasu da siginar da ta wuce wani adadi ba. Misali, yi tunanin firikwensin da ba zai iya wuce 3.3v na iko ba. Da kyau, a wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da mai daidaitawa don kauce wa haɗarin wuce wannan shingen. Duk yawan kuzari yana lalacewa azaman zafi ta 78xx.

LM317
Labari mai dangantaka:
LM317: duk game da daidaitaccen mai daidaita wutar lantarki

7805: finout da takaddun bayanai

Kashin baya na 7805

Akwai masana'antun daban-daban na LM7805, kamar STMicroelectronics, TI, Sparkfun, da sauransu. Kari akan haka, zaku iya samun sa a cikin kunshin gargajiyar sa da kuma a tsarin koyaushe don sauƙaƙe haɗuwa cikin ayyukan ku tare da Arduino. Dogaro da ƙirar da kuka siya, Ina baku shawara ku sami damar gidan yanar gizon hukuma na masana'antun don bincika halaye a cikin takamaiman bayanan bayanan don samfurin. Ka tuna cewa duk da cewa duk sunyi kama, za'a iya samun wasu canje-canje daga mai sana'anta zuwa wani.

Idan ka siya cikin kunshin TO-220, zaka samu mai pinout 3-pin. An kirga su kuma daya yayi daidai da shigarwar wutan da kake son ka gyara, na biyu ko na tsakiya shine GND ko kasa (na gama gari ne), na ukun na uku shine na fitowar wutan lantarki da aka riga aka tsara, ma'ana, siginar da za mu yi amfani da ita azaman wadatar kewayawar da muke son yin aiki. Amma dole ne ka ƙara wasu ƙarin kamar capacitors kamar yadda masana'anta suka ba da shawarar don samarwar ta wadatar.

LM7805 Arduino Module

Game da tsarin, yana da ɗan tsada, amma yana iya sauƙaƙa muku abubuwa. Ya haɗa da na'urar 7805 da ma sauran abubuwan da ku za su sauƙaƙa amfani da Arduino. Ba kwa buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfin ko wani abu. Bugu da kari, ya hada da heatsink don kiyaye yanayin zafin da ya dace ta hanyar watsa zafin da aka samu ta hanyar 78xx da katunan haɗin guda biyu don shigarwa da fitarwa (Vcc da GND a kowane ƙarshen), sauƙaƙe aiwatar da shi.

Sauran samfuran

da bambance-bambance tsakanin samfuran daban-daban da ake da su a cikin jerin 78xx na masu sarrafa wutar lantarki abu ne mai sauki. Adadin da ke rakiyar wannan iyalin yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da kowane mai tsarawa ke tallafawa. Misali:

  • LM7805: 5v da 1A ko 1,5A a wasu yanayi.
  • Saukewa: LM7806: 6V
  • Saukewa: LM7809: 9V
  • Saukewa: LM7812: 12V

Inda zan siya

Idan kanaso ka siya, kuna da shi a kan Amazon, ban da sauran shagunan lantarki na musamman. Bambance-bambancen guda biyu da zaku iya siya sune:

  • Babu kayayyakin samu. A cikin kunshin TO-220 na € 4 zaka iya siyan 10 waɗannan na'urori.
  • LM7805 a koyaushe a ƙasa da € 6 a kowane fanni.

Kamar yadda ka gani, sune kyawawan na'urori masu rahusa...

Haɗuwa tare da Arduino

Idan kayi tunani akai hade tare da aiki tare da Arduino ko Rasberi Pi ko wani nau'in allon, Babu matsala. Ba lallai ne ku yi amfani da takamaiman ɗakunan karatu kamar sauran modulu ba, haka kuma ba za ku ƙara ƙarin lamba a cikin ID ɗinku na Arduino ba, tunda wannan 78xx ɗin yana da kansa kuma an sadaukar da shi kawai don sauya siginar shigar da lantarki. Yakamata kawai ku sami ilimin lantarki da ake buƙata don sanya shi a wuri mai dacewa akan kewayenku ...


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  1.   Paco m

    Sannun ku. Ina gina da'ira mai aiki da ƙaramin hasken rana (12V, 10 W). An haɗa panel ɗin hasken rana zuwa baturi da keɓantaccen da'irar hasken LED wanda ke sarrafawa Arduino Uno. Tun da ba na son batirin ya ci gaba da yin caji (muddin akwai hasken rana) Ina so in haɗa wannan baturin zuwa shigarwar analog na Arduino, rage shigarwar zuwa 5 V. tare da LM7805. Manufar wannan shigarwar ita ce kunna ko kashe na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa wanda zai kasance alhakin rufe da'ira-batir mai amfani da hasken rana gwargwadon ƙarfin da yake da shi ta hanyar shigarwar analog, wato lokacin da baturin ya wuce mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki, relay shine. kunna. ta yadda zai sake fara caji ta amfani da solar panel. Amma tambayata ita ce, shin rage ƙarfin batirin da aka haɗa da LM7805 shima yana rage fitarwa (abin da nake buƙata kenan, don shima ya rage). Ina da Mataki na LM2596 amma a fili ba ya aiki a gare ni saboda koyaushe zai ba da 5 V a fitarwa. Zan iya samun shi tare da LM7805? Na gode duka a gaba.