Kamar yadda kuka sani, akwai adadi mai yawa na motar lantarki a kasuwa, tare da nau'ikan daban-daban. A cikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon mun riga mun binciki wasu nau'ikan takamaiman injinan lantarki don amfani tare da ayyukan DIY, kamar su sarrafa su tare da allon Arduino ta amfani da su PWM, amma kuma suna da wasu aikace-aikace da yawa kamar su robotics, da dai sauransu.
A cikin wannan labarin za ku san irin wannan injin kadan kusa wanda yanzu yana da matukar dacewa a fannoni daban-daban ...
Menene motar lantarki?
Un motar lantarki ba komai bane face na'urar da ke canza makamashin lantarki da aka kawo mata zuwa makamar inji mai juyawa. Wato, rotor zaiyi juyawar shaft idan aka kawo masa wani abu na yanzu, tunda yana samar da magnetic maganadisu a ciki wanda zai iya aiki ta hanyar dunƙule da maganadisu don samar da juyawar.
A ciki za a sami stator da na'ura mai juyi. Na farko yana cikin yanki mafi nisa kuma an daidaita shi zuwa gidan motar lantarki, ban da kasancewa gabaɗaya an haɗa shi da maganadisu madaidaita (wanda aka wakilta a hoton da ya gabata ta garkuwar magnetic mai launin ja da shuɗi). Madadin haka, rotor wani yanki ne mai motsi wanda zai juya saboda aikin maganadisu na stator saboda godiyar sa wadanda suka hada da lantarki (wanda aka hada shi da hoton ja da shuɗi).
Ina nufin da maganadisu zai haifar da karfi mai banƙyama a kan iska mai jujjuyawar, ya dogara da alamar, don haka ya sanya shi juyawa cikin stator.
Har ila yau, wasu injunan lantarki masu juyawa neWannan baya nufin zasu iya juya alkiblar juyawa, tunda kowa na iya yin hakan, amma zasu iya zama duka injiniya da janareta. Wato, lokacin da kukayi amfani da makamashi suna juyawa kuma idan kun juya jujjuyawar su suna samarda wutar lantarki a tashoshin su.
Wannan shine farkon janareto waɗanda ake amfani da su a masana'antar makamashi, kamar su janareto da suke cikin injinan iska, ko waɗanda suke a cikin tsire-tsire masu samar da wutar lantarki, da tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa, da sauransu. A zahiri, a cikin wasu aikace-aikacen zasu iya aiki a duka hanyoyin biyu, kamar injunan wasu motocin kamar KERS ko sabunta birkin wasu jiragen ƙasa ...
Ayyukan
Injin yana da jerin fasali wanda zai gano halayen injiniya. Ya kamata ku san mafi mahimmanci don sanin yadda za ku zaɓi ƙungiyar da ta dace. Misali, yana bada haske:
- Potencia: suna iya kasancewa daga fewan mW a yanayin ƙaramin abu da haske, har zuwa dubun dubatan watts a cikin batun mai ƙarfi da nauyi. Kuma wannan yana faɗaɗa kewayon amfani, daga ƙananan na'urorin lantarki zuwa aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Dogaro da itsarfinta, zaku sami orarfi ko turningasa da juyawa.
- Voltage da nau'in yanzu: akwai ƙananan ƙananan wuta, daga ƙananan injuna na 5v, 12v, zuwa wasu waɗanda ke aiki a 220v ko fiye. Tabbas, halin da aka kawo na iya zama kai tsaye (DC) ko kuma canzawa (AC).
- Motar karfin juyi: shine ƙarfin da motar motar zata juya. Yawanci galibi kusan ba kamar sauran injina ba ne, amma zaka iya samun injina marasa ƙarfi da sauransu da yawa da ƙarfi. Wasu ma za su iya samar da karfin juzu'i don matsar da manyan motoci.
- Ayyukan: Ba batun ƙarfi bane, amma game da ƙimar makamashi. Yawanci kusan yana da kusan 75%, tare da wasu ƙananan samfuran da basu dace ba wasu kuma sun fi inganci.
- Watsi 0: wannan nau'in injin ba ya fitar da gurbatattun iska a cikin sararin samaniya kamar sauran konewa na ciki ko iskar gas. A wannan yanayin, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi na iya kasancewa hanyar da ake samar da wutar da ke ba su iko. Ko ta fito daga kafofin sabuntawa ko a'a.
- Firiji: gabaɗaya basa buƙatar sanyaya kamar sauran injunan ƙonewa. Suna da iska ne da kansu, kodayake wasu daga cikin ayyukan da suke yi da alama suna iya buƙatar sanyaya.
- Gearbox: basu buƙatar akwatunan gearbox masu rikitarwa, saurin da shugabancin juyawa ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyar lantarki. Koyaya, za'a iya samun ragi ko ninkawa don cire ƙarin ƙarfi ko sauri kamar yadda ake so ...
Iri
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- CC
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- CA
Babu nau'in lantarki guda ɗaya kawai, kamar yadda na ambata, amma akwai nau'ikan da yawa. Ya kamata ku sani mafi fice, kodayake a cikin wannan labarin mun mai da hankali kan CC don dalilai bayyananne na taken wannan shafin.
da nau'ikan motar lantarki Su ne:
- Universal mota: Yana da wani irin mota da za su iya aiki tare da duka biyu DC da AC, ko da yake shi ne ba sosai m. Mota ce ta zamani guda ɗaya tare da kamanceceniya da jerin motocin DC, kodayake tare da wasu gyare-gyare. Ana amfani dasu a aikace-aikace daban-daban, tunda suna da ƙarfin farawa mafi girma fiye da shigarwa da saurin juyawa duk da kasancewa karama da arha. Suna gama gari a cikin kayan aikin hannu na kowane nau'i da ƙananan kayan aiki.
- Kai tsaye Motors na Yanzu (DC)- Waɗannan injunan sune ke aiki kai tsaye, kamar yawancin ƙananan injina waɗanda kuke amfani dasu tare da Arduino da sauran ayyukan maƙera. A cikin wannan dangin akwai ƙananan rukuni kamar:
- Jin daɗin zaman kansa
- Serial zumudi
- Shunt ko shunt motsawa
- Jin daɗin mahaɗa ko jingina
- Sauran: stepper ko servo mota, Moto mara tushe, mara gogewa (mara gogewa).
- Sauya Motors na Yanzu (AC): su ne waɗanda suke aiki tare da canzawa na yanzu, kasancewa mafi girma kuma don amfani a cikin manyan kayan lantarki, masana'antu, injuna, da dai sauransu. A ciki zaku iya samun ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa kamar:
- Aiki tare: A cikin wannan nau'in motar, axis na juyawa yana juyawa a yanayin yawan adadin wadatar. Saboda haka saurin juyawar sa yana nan daram, koyaushe ya danganta da yawan ƙarfin lantarki na cibiyar sadarwar lantarki wanda aka haɗa shi. Misali, akan hanyar sadarwar gida zai zama 220v 50 / 60Hz.
- Matsayi mara kyau: shine wanda rotoron sa yake juyawa a wani yanayi daban da na magnetic. A cikin akwai kuma rarrabuwa kamar:
- Lokaci guda: sune wadanda ke amfani da wutar lantarki lokaci daya, kamar na gida. A ciki akwai:
- Mataimakin Tuddan
- Madauki gajere
- Duniya (duba farkon magana)
- Triphasic: an tsara siginar inductor ta winding don samun muryoyi daban daban guda uku da aka canzawa su ta hanyar 120º a matakin lantarki, don haka idan aka kawota da AC mai hawa uku, za'a iya samarda juyawar rotor ta hanyar aikin kowane irin fasalin. A ciki zaka sami:
- Raunin rotor (na al'ada).
- Guntun na'ura mai juyi (squirrel keji).
- Lokaci guda: sune wadanda ke amfani da wutar lantarki lokaci daya, kamar na gida. A ciki akwai:
Aplicaciones
Ana iya amfani da motar lantarki yawan aikace-aikace. Daga motocin lantarki, ta hanyar wasu kayan aikin motsa jiki, zuwa drones, mutum-mutumi, masu hadawa, firintocin 3D, rumbun kwamfutoci, famfunan ruwa, kayan aikin gida kamar su injin wanki da na wanki, manyan masu buga takardu, magoya baya, masu samar da wutar lantarki, da sauransu.
Yawancin lokaci, guda lokaci Su ne mafi mahimmanci da ake amfani dasu a ƙananan aikace-aikace kuma suna da sauƙi don juya juyawa kawai ta hanyar canza polarity na halin yanzu da ake amfani dashi. Suna da kyau a cikin ƙananan na'urorin lantarki. Ana amfani da matakai uku don aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi, kamar na masana'antu.
Wannan game da halin yanzu. Amma a cikin mahaliccin da duniyar DIY, al'ada ce a gare ku don amfani motar dc. Waɗannan ƙananan motocin DC sune na al'ada ga mutummutumi, drones, firintocin 3D, ƙananan motocin lantarki, da dai sauransu.
Inda zan siya
Kuna iya saya iri daban-daban na wannan na’urar, kamar su samfurin lantarki na lantarki da kake samu a Amazon da sauran shaguna na musamman:
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Babu kayayyakin samu.
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DC Motors, Magnet Dindindin 31ZY 6V / 12V / 24V 3500-8000 RPM
Informationarin bayani kan injuna
Ina baku shawarar ku ma ku karanta wasu labarai masu alaƙa tare da injuna kamar waɗannan:
- Injin Nema17
- Motar stepper
- 28BN-48
- L298N mai sarrafa motar
- DRV8825 mai kulawa
- Componentsarin abubuwa