Un photodiode ne mai kayan lantarki wanda ke samar da photocurrent lokacin fallasa ga haske. Ana amfani da Photodiodes a cikin sel na hasken rana na photovoltaic da kuma a cikin na'urorin daukar hoto na layi, na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ake amfani da su don gano siginar haske, kamar siginar gani ko raƙuman rediyo. Hakanan ana amfani da Photodiodes a aikace-aikacen da ba na lantarki ba, kamar photolithography, wanda ke amfani da ƙananan madubai don zana alamu akan wafers.
A cikin Kwayoyin hasken rana na photovoltaic, Mafi yawan nau'in photodiode an yi shi da silicon. Akwai kuma photodiodes da aka yi da wasu kayan, kamar gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), da gallium nitride (GaN). Wadannan abubuwa daban-daban suna da kaddarorin daban-daban waɗanda suka sa su dace da takamaiman aikace-aikace. Photodiodes yawanci ana yin su ta hanyar doping kayan semiconductor tare da wuce gona da iri na masu ɗauka. Wutar lantarki ko ramuka suna zuwa daga abubuwan kara kuzari yayin aikin kera. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana da sauƙi a ciki, tare da haɗin pn inda aka cajin gefe ɗaya da kyau kuma ɗayan mara kyau. Lokacin da haske ya sami diode, yana haifar da electrons don gudana zuwa gefen tabbatacce kuma ramuka su gudana zuwa mummunan. Wannan yana cajin diode, ƙirƙirar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ke gudana daga diode zuwa kewaye.
Ta yaya yake aiki?
Photodiode wani abu ne na lantarki wanda ke canza haske zuwa siginar lantarki. Ana amfani da shi a cikin kyamarori na dijital da sauran na'urori kamar microscopes da na'urar hangen nesa.
Ina nufin aiki ta hanyar maida photons zuwa electrons ta hanyar da ake kira da photoelectric sakamako. Kowane photon haske yana da makamashi, wanda ke haifar da fitar da electrons daga photodiode. Ana tattara waɗannan electrons a cikin capacitor, suna ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki daidai da photons na hasken da photodiode ya gano. Photodiodes yawanci ana yin su ne daga kayan semiconductor kamar silicon, gallium arsenide, ko kayan III-V. Hakanan ana iya yin Photodiodes daga wasu kayan kamar germanium ko indium phosphide, amma waɗannan kayan ba su da yawa fiye da silicon da gallium arsenide.
Ana iya amfani da photodiodes don gano haske tare da tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da ke jere daga na'urar haske mai gani (400-700 nm) zuwa infrared (1-3 μm). Duk da haka, saboda iyakancewar makada na shayar da siliki, gano infrared mai tsayi (> 4 μm) yana da wahala ga photodiodes. Bugu da ƙari, Laser mai ƙarfi na iya lalata firikwensin silicon saboda saurin dumama wanda ke haifar da hasken laser.
Aikace-aikacen Photodiode
Photodiode ya bambanta da a juriya LDR, wato, photoresistors ko resistors masu haske. A cikin yanayin photodiode, yana da sauri da sauri a lokacin amsawa, wanda ke buɗe sabbin hanyoyin amfani da shi:
- Don saurin amsawa da'ira zuwa canje-canje a cikin duhu ko haske.
- CD Players don karatun Laser.
- kwakwalwan kwamfuta na gani.
- Don haɗin fiber optic.
- Da dai sauransu.
Kamar yadda kake gani, aikace-aikacen photodiode suna da fadi, kuma yana aiki fiye da resistor LDR don amsawa. Saboda haka, akwai aikace-aikace da yawa inda LDR ba zai kasance mai aiki ba kuma photodiode ne.
Haɗa tare da Arduino
don haɗawa photodiode tare da allon Arduino, kawai batun haɗa bangaren daidai da rubuta lambar. Anan zan nuna muku misali, kodayake zaku iya gyara shi kuma ƙirƙirar ayyukan da kuke buƙata. Dangane da haɗin kai, abu ne mai sauƙi, a cikin wannan yanayin za mu yi amfani da shigarwar A1, wato, analog ɗin, amma kuna iya amfani da kowane analog idan kuna so. Kuma sauran fil ɗin photodiode za a haɗa su zuwa GND.
Amma ga code, shi ne mai zuwa, mai sauki snippet ga auna ƙarfin haske tare da photodiode:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print();
}
void loop ()
{
int lightsensor = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = lightsensor * (5.0 / 1023.0);
Serial.print(voltage);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
}