La robotics filin fadada ne. Ƙarin AI da robots suna maye gurbin aikin mutane da yawa. Su ne na yanzu da na gaba, don haka yana da mahimmanci a horar da waɗannan nau'ikan filayen don sanin yadda suke aiki da waɗanne kayan aiki da tsarin da kuke da su don ayyukan robotics ɗin ku. Kuma, a cikin wannan labarin, za ku gani menene ROS da duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da shi.
Menene ROS?
ROS yana nufin tsarin aiki na Robot, ko tsarin aiki na mutum-mutumi. Yana da tsaka-tsaki na kayan aikin mutum-mutumi, wato, tarin tsarin da aka yi niyya don sauƙaƙe haɓakar software na mutummutumi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sanannun mutummutumi, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan aikin da ake samu a yau, gabaɗaya kyauta, an rubuta su cikin C da Python, kuma ƙarƙashin lasisin buɗe tushen BSD.
An fara haɓaka ROS a cikin 2007, a cikin Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, kuma ƙarƙashin codename Switchyard. Da farko zai kasance don aikin mutum-mutumi na STAIR2. Bayan wannan, an yanke shawarar budewa.
Tambayar da ake yawan yi wa mutane da yawa ita ce, idan ba tsarin aiki ba ne, me ya sa ake kiran wannan? To, ko da yake rukunin ɗakunan karatu ne don haɓakawa, amma gaskiyar ita ce tana ba da wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyuka na OS, kamar nau'in abstraction na kayan aikin don masu haɓakawa kawai su damu da software, sarrafa sassa daban-daban na robot a ƙaramin matakin, ƙarfin gudanarwa da sadarwa na matakai, kiyaye fakiti, da dai sauransu.
Laburaren yana shirin zuwa Tsarin UNIX, kamar Linux (a cikin mahara distros, kodayake mafi kyawun tallafi shine Ubuntu) da macOS, kodayake yana aiki a cikin wasu tsarin aiki kamar Microsoft Windows.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don bambance tsakanin sassa daga ROS:
- ros: shine sashin da ke aiki azaman tsarin aiki, tushe. Wannan sashin software ne mai lasisi na BSD. Wannan ya haɗa da babban kumburin haɗin gwiwa, bayanan da ke gudana (hotuna, sitiriyo, laser, sarrafawa, masu kunnawa, lamba, ...), yawan bayanai, ƙirƙira da lalata nodes, shiga, da sauransu.
- ruwa-pkg: shine rukunin fakitin da masu amfani suka ƙirƙira kuma waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka kamar tsarawa, fahimta, kwaikwayo, taswira, wuri, da sauransu. Waɗannan sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwar suna da lasisi a cikin lasisi iri-iri.
da kayan aikin da aka haɗa A cikin ROS sune:
- rviz: don simulation da 3D gani.
- rosbag: don yin rikodi da kunna saƙonnin sadarwa.
- kyankyasai- Gina kayan aiki, dangane da CMake.
- rosbash- Kunshin tare da kayan aiki don ƙaddamar da ayyukan bash harsashi.
- roslaunch: don gudanar da nodes na ROS a gida ko a nesa.
ROS aikace-aikace
ROS wani aiki ne a cikin ci gaba akai-akai, kuma kowane lokaci ana iya amfani da shi ƙarin aikace-aikace a cikin filin AI da robotics, kuma kowane lokaci yana yin aikinsa mafi kyau:
- Tsarin tsinkaye na wucin gadi.
- Gano abubuwa da hangen nesa na wucin gadi.
- Gane fuska, gane fuska, da sauransu.
- Bin sawun abu.
- Na gani ido.
- Fahimtar motsi.
- Hangen nesa na sitiriyo
- Robot motsi.
- Sarrafa.
- Shiryawa.
- Abubuwa masu kamawa.
- Tsarin aiki.
- Gwaji.
- Da dai sauransu.
Misalai na mutum-mutumi masu amfani da ROS
Akwai da yawa, kuma zai yi wuya a lissafta su duka, tun da ROS ya zama kusan "misali" ga yawancin su. Amma wasu daga cikin mafi sani Su ne:
- PR1: mutum-mutumi na sirri wanda dakin binciken Ken Salisbury a Stanford ya kirkira.
- PR2: mutum-mutumi na sirri wanda Willow Garage ke haɓakawa.
- Baxter: Robot daga Rethink Robotics, Inc.
- Robot na Shadow: hannun mutum-mutumi daga kamfanin Shadow Robot, tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie na Paris da Jami'ar Carlos III na Madrid. An haɓaka cikin tsarin Turai.
- ganye: ƙirƙira a cikin CMU a cikin shirin mutum-mutumi na kamfani na Intel.
- Aldebaran Nao- Mutum-mutumin mutum-mutumi wanda Humanoid Robots Labs da Jami'ar Freiburg suka kirkira.
- Farashin UGV: abin hawa na ƙasa da buɗaɗɗen tushe.
Me yasa za ku koya tare da ROS?
Robots tsari ne masu rikitarwa kuma robotics yana da wahalar fahimta. Koyaya, samun kayan aikin kamar ROS yana sa sauƙin haɓakawa daga karce, hanzarta ƙirƙirar ayyukan ku a cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma ba tare da ilimi mai yawa ba kamar ba ku da shi.
A wasu kalmomi, fa'idodin ROS shine don sauƙaƙe hanya ga masu haɓakawa, tare da ɗimbin ƙarin abubuwan ƙarawa kyauta da buɗewa, ta yadda zaku sami duk abin da kuke buƙata. Bugu da ƙari, za ku koyi fiye da robotics, da na'urorin lantarki, injiniyoyi da shirye-shirye:
- Yi amfani da yaruka kamar C ++ da Python don haɓaka ƙa'idodi.
- Gudanar da cibiyoyin sadarwa da tsarin don shigarwa da kiyaye ROS.
- Mahimman ra'ayoyin mutum-mutumi kamar taswira, AI, gurɓatawa, kinematics mai juzu'i, da sauransu, samun damar sanya na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu kunnawa, masu sarrafawa, da sauransu.
Komai da rikitarwa na mutum-mutumi, tare da ROS duk abin da ya fi sauƙi. Hakanan ba'a iyakance ga nau'in mutum-mutumi guda ɗaya ba, yana iya aiki daga mutum-mutumin dabbobi, zuwa mutummutumi, ta hanyar makaman mutum-mutumi don masana'antu ...
Ƙarin bayani game da ROS - Yanar gizo