A wasu ayyukan ku kuna buƙatar auna nisan. Da kyau, ya kamata ka san cewa VL53L0X na'ura ce da ke ba da damar auna su da madaidaicin matsayi. Kari akan haka, karamin karami da karancin farashi yasa ya zama mai kyau ga ayyukanku na DIY, musamman don hadewa da Arduino.
Akwai na'urori da yawa da zasu iya auna nisan, wasu daga cikinsu mita masu nisa bisa dogaro da duban dan tayi wanda ke fitar da sauti kuma yayin da yake yin karo da abun yana ba da damar sanin daidaiton nisan da akwai. Amma idan kuna son daidaito mafi girma, don wannan kuna buƙatar a mita mai hangen nesa. Irin wannan naurorin awo yana dogara ne akan laser, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da VL53L0X.
Menene ToF?
Lokacin Jirgi ko ToF (Lokacin-Jirgin Sama) kyamara wata dabara ce da ake amfani da ita wajen auna nisan. Ya dogara ne da kayan gani, yana auna lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin fitowar katako da liyafar. Suna iya zama CCD, firikwensin CMOS, kuma bugun jini na iya zama infrared, laser, da sauransu. Za'a daidaita tsarin don fara auna lokaci daidai lokacin da bugun bugun jini ya kunna kuma dakatar da kantunan lokacin da suka karɓi billa daga firikwensin.
Ta wannan hanyar nesa za a iya lasafta sosai daidai. Kawai yana buƙatar ƙarin kewayawan ma'ana waɗanda aka haɗa cikin guntu don yin lissafin daga lokacin da aka kunna katako har sai an karɓa kuma don haka ƙayyade abin da nisan yake. Ka'idar tana da sauki kai tsaye.
Ana amfani da wannan nau'in na'urar robotics don ba da damar mutummutumi ko jirgi mara matuki don guje wa cikas, don sanin yadda nesa suke da abin da aka sa a gaba, don gano motsi ko kusanci, don na'urori masu auna sigina na mota da aka yi amfani da su don aikace-aikace daban-daban, don aiwatar da mitar lantarki, kamar mai aiki don Arduino ya yi wani abu lokacin da tana gano kusancin abu, da dai sauransu.
Menene VL53L0X da takaddar bayanan bayanai
El VL53L0X yana amfani da wannan ƙa'idar don auna nisa ta hanyar infrared laser. ƙarni na ƙarshe. Tare da mai sarrafawa, kamar Arduino, yana iya zama babban kayan aiki don aunawa. Musamman, guntu na iya ɗaukar nesa tsakanin 50mm da 2000mm, ma'ana, tsakanin santimita 5 da mita 2.
Don auna nisan nesa, wataƙila kuna buƙatar bambance-bambancen wannan guntu da ake kira VL6180X wanda zai ba ku damar auna zangon tsakanin 5 da 200 mm, wato, tsakanin rabin santimita da 20 santimita. Idan kuna son samun irin wannan na'urar amma bisa ga duban dan tayi don kowane irin dalili na fasaha, to yakamata ku kalli HC-SR04, wani madaidaicin tsarin da ya shahara ga masu yin sa.
El VL53L0X guntu an tsara shi don aiki koda lokacin da hasken kewayen yayi tsayi sosai. Ka tuna cewa yayin aiki yadda ya kamata, mafi girman hasken "gurbatarwar" mahalli, mafi wahalarwa shine isar da isasshen siginar da kyau. Amma a wannan yanayin baya gabatar da matsala mai yawa. Bugu da kari, tsarin biyan diyya da yake hadawa yana ba shi damar aunawa koda kuwa kuna amfani da shi a bayan gilashin kariya.
Wannan ya maida shi daya daga mafi kyawun firikwensin nesa cewa zaka samu a kasuwa. Tare da daidaito mafi girma fiye da na firikwensin bisa tushen duban dan tayi ko infrared (IR). Dalilin kasancewarsa madaidaici shi ne cewa amo ba zai shafar kuwwa ko tunani daga abubuwa kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran lamura.
A halin yanzu zaka iya samun sa a haɗe a cikin alfadarai tare da wasu ƙarin kusan € 16 ko a cikin faranti mafi sauƙi wanda ya wuce € 1 ko € 3 a wasu yanayi. Kun riga kun san cewa zaku same shi a cikin shaguna kamar eBay, AliExpress, Amazon, da sauransu. Masu ƙera waɗannan na'urori suna da yawa, don haka idan kuna buƙatar sanin cikakken ƙirar ƙirar da kuka siya, zai fi kyau a bincika Takaddun bayanan masana'anta da ka zaba. Misali:
El Bayanin VL53L0X Yana da cikin gutsun mai sakawa na bugun laser da firikwensin don kama katakon dawowa. A wannan yanayin, emitter ɗin shine lesa na nisan zango na 940nm da nau'in VCSEL (Laser mai tsayayyar rami mai ɗorewa). Game da firikwensin kama, SPAD ne (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes). Hakanan yana haɗa kayan lantarki da ake kira FlightSense TM wanda zai kirga tazara.
El kusurwar ma'auni ko FOV (Filin Dubawa) yana 25º a wannan yanayin. Wannan yana fassara zuwa yankin ma'auni na 0,44m a diamita a tazarar 1m. Kodayake zangon awo zai dogara ne da yanayin kewaye. Idan an yi shi a cikin gida yana da ɗan girma fiye da idan za a yi shi a waje. Hakanan zai dogara ne da kwatancen abin da kuke nunawa:
| Nuna tunani | Yanayi | Interior | Bayan waje |
|---|---|---|---|
| White manufa | Hankula | 200cm | 80cm |
| Mimic | 120cm | 60cm | |
| Grey manufa | Hankula | 80cm | 50cm |
| Ƙananan | 70cm | 40cm |
Bugu da kari, VL53L0X yana da yawa yanayin aiki Wannan na iya bambanta sakamakon. Waɗannan halaye an taƙaita su a cikin tebur mai zuwa:
| Modo | lokaci | Shigo | daidaici |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tsohuwa | 30ms | 1.2m | Duba teburin da ke ƙasa |
| Babban daidaito | 200ms | 1.2m | +/- 3% |
| Tsawon nesa | 33ms | 2m | Duba teburin da ke ƙasa |
| Babban gudun | 20ms | 1.2m | +/- 5% |
Dangane da waɗannan hanyoyin, muna da dama daidaitattun daidaito cewa kuna cikin wannan tebur:
| Interior | Bayan waje | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuna tunani | Distance | 33ms | 66ms | Distance | 33ms | 66ms |
| White manufa | wani 120cm | 4% | 3% | wani 60cm | 7% | 6% |
| Grey manufa | wani 70cm | 7% | 6% | wani 40cm | 12% | 9% |
Pinout da haɗi
Don duk wannan ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata kuna buƙata Hanyar sadarwa tare da duniyar waje. Kuma ana samun hakan ta hanyar wasu fil ko haɗi. Abun ƙaramin abu na VL53L0X abu ne mai sauƙi, kawai yana da ƙafafu 6. Don haɗuwa da Arduino, ana iya yin sadarwa ta hanyar I2C.
Don ciyar da shi, zaka iya haɗa fil Don haka:
- VCC zuwa 5v daga Arduino
- GND zuwa GND na Arduino
- SCL zuwa maɓallin analog na Arduino. Misali A5
- SDA zuwa wani nau'in alamar analog. Misali A4
- Ba dole ba ne a yi amfani da fil ɗin GPI01 da XSHUT a halin yanzu.
Haɗuwa tare da Arduino
Amma ga sauran kayayyaki da yawa, na VL53L0X suma kuna da dakunan karatu (misali na Adafruwa) na lambar da zaka iya amfani dasu don aiki tare da wasu ayyuka lokacin da kake rubutu lambar tushe don ɗaukar aikinku a cikin Arduino IDE. Idan karo na farko ne tare da Arduino, ina ba da shawara littafin shirye-shiryen mu.
Misali na Abu mai sauƙi a gare ku don ɗaukar ma'aunai da ƙimar ƙimar nuni ta tashar tashar jiragen ruwa don haka zaka iya ganin ta daga allon kwamfutarka yayin da kake da allon Arduino wanda aka haɗa shine:
#include "Adafruit_VL53L0X.h"
Adafruit_VL53L0X lox = Adafruit_VL53L0X();
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// Iniciar sensor
Serial.println("VL53L0X test");
if (!lox.begin()) {
Serial.println(F("Error al iniciar VL53L0X"));
while(1);
}
}
void loop() {
VL53L0X_RangingMeasurementData_t measure;
Serial.print("Leyendo sensor... ");
lox.rangingTest(&measure, false); // si se pasa true como parametro, muestra por puerto serie datos de debug
if (measure.RangeStatus != 4)
{
Serial.print("Distancia (mm): ");
Serial.println(measure.RangeMilliMeter);
}
else
{
Serial.println(" Fuera de rango ");
}
delay(100);
}
A cikin ɗakin karatu na Adafruit kuna da ƙarin misalai na amfani idan kuna buƙatar shi ...