Ceramic capacitor: abin da yake da shi da kuma abũbuwan amfãni

A cikin wannan blog mun riga mun yi sharhi kan wasu Kayan lantarki, gami da electrolytic capacitorsda kuma ta yaya za a duba su. Yanzu shine juyowar yumbu capacitor, wani nau'in waɗannan na'urori masu ɓuya waɗanda suma suna amfani da su a cikin da'irori da yawa, kuma waɗanda ke da wasu dabaru da aka kwatanta da masu ɗaukar hoto.

Da wannan jagorar za ku fahimta Menene su, yadda aka gina su, aikace-aikacen da za a iya yi, yadda suke aiki, da kuma wasu misalai na amfani da kuma inda za ku iya saya su.

Menene capacitor?

Un sanyaya Na'urar lantarki ce mai iya adana cajin wutar lantarki a cikin nau'i mai yuwuwar bambanci. Abu ne mai wuce gona da iri, kamar resistors, potentiometers, coils, da sauransu. Dangane da hanyar samun nasarar wannan ajiyar makamashi, suna yin ta ne ta hanyar ci gaba da aikin wutar lantarki.

Capacitors suna da amfani da yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da su duka a cikin da'irori na lantarki da kuma a cikin da'irori na lantarki, duka a ciki kai tsaye halin yanzu da alternating current.

yumbu capacitor

Un yumbu capacitor Yawancin lokaci yana da wannan siffa ta musamman, wanda wani lokaci yayi kama da lentil, ko da yake ana iya aiwatar da su azaman abubuwan hawan dutse (SMD), kamar MLCC (mai salo sosai a yanzu saboda matsalolin katunan zane na NVIDIA). A wannan yanayin, bambanci tare da sauran nau'in capacitors shine cewa dielectric abu da aka yi amfani da shi shine yumbu, saboda haka sunansa.

Yawancin lokaci suna amfani da yadudduka da yawa, tare da daban-daban capacities (yawanci suna daga 1nF zuwa 1F, kodayake akwai wasu har zuwa 100F), girma da siffofi na geometric. Duk da haka, saboda mummunan tasiri irin su eddy currents.

Ceramic (hagu) da kuma electrolytic (dama) capacitor

Daya daga cikin bambance-bambancen da electrolytics shi ne cewa yumbu capacitor Ba su da polarity sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da su ta kowace hanya, kuma a cikin alternating halin yanzu da'irori a amince, wani abu da ba ya faruwa tare da electrolytics, wanda yana da ma'anar polarity da sanduna dole ne a mutunta idan ba ka so ka kawo karshen sama da wani fashewa capacitor.

A gefe guda, yumbu capacitor shima yana da ban mamaki mitar amsawa. Har ila yau, sun fito ne don tsayayyar zafi mai kyau saboda kayan su, da ƙananan farashi.

Tarihin yumbu capacitor

yumbu condenser An halicce shi a Italiya, a cikin 1900. A ƙarshen 1930s, an fara ƙara titanate zuwa yumbu (BaTiO3 ko barium titanate), wanda za'a iya kera shi a farashi mai sauƙi. Aikace-aikacen farko na waɗannan na'urori sun kasance a cikin kayan lantarki na soja a cikin shekarun 40. Bayan shekaru 70, za a fara sayar da kayan aikin yumbura, wanda ke da mahimmanci don haɓaka kayan lantarki a cikin XNUMXs.

Nau'in yumbu capacitors

Akwai da yawa nau'ikan yumbu capacitor, wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci sune:

• semiconductors: su ne mafi ƙanƙanta, tun da sun sami nasara mai kyau, tare da babban iko da ƙananan ƙananan. Don wannan suna amfani da babban dielectric akai-akai, da kuma kauri mai kauri.
• babban ƙarfin lantarki: Barium titanate da strontium titanate ana amfani da su azaman kayan yumbu don jure matsanancin damuwa. Ko da yake sun cimma babban coefficient na dielectric da kuma goyon bayan AC mai kyau, suna da lahani na canza capacitance tare da yawan zafin jiki.
• Multilayer yumbu capacitor: suna amfani da yadudduka da yawa na yumbu ko dielectric da kayan aiki. Ana kuma san su da monolithic guntu capacitors. Suna da inganci sosai, ƙanana a cikin girman kuma manufa don hawan saman PCBs. An ce MLCCs suna da irin wannan.

da yumbu capacitors yawanci suna da ƙarfi daga 10pF zuwa 100pF, tare da goyan bayan ƙarfin lantarki daga 16V zuwa 15kV har ma mafi girma a wasu lokuta. Waɗannan su ne mafi shahara saboda iyawarsu.

Sabanin haka, yumbu mai yawa rubuta MLCC, yi amfani da niƙa na paraelectric da ferroelectric kayan aiki tare da madadin karfe yadudduka. Suna iya samun yadudduka 500 ko fiye, kuma tare da kauri na 0.5 microns. Kewayon aikace-aikacen sa ya ɗan fi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, kuma tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da waɗanda suka gabata.

Aplicaciones

Dangane da nau'in yumbu capacitor, da yana amfani Suna iya zama daban-daban, kamar yadda na yi sharhi a baya:

• MLCC: gabaɗaya ga masana'antar lantarki, a cikin na'urori masu yawa, daga kwamfuta, zuwa na'urorin hannu, talabijin, da sauransu.
• wasu: Za su iya kewayo daga babban ƙarfin lantarki da na'urori na AC da tsarin, zuwa masu canza AC / DC, manyan da'irori masu girma, zuwa injin DC masu goga don rage hayaniyar RF, robotics, da dai sauransu.

Halayen Capacitor

Capacitors, duka electrolytic da yumbu capacitors, suna da jerin halaye waɗanda yakamata ku sani lokacin zabar waɗanda suka dace don aikinku. Suna fasali Su ne:

• Daidaitawa da haƙuri: Kamar resistors, capacitors kuma suna da juriya da daidaito. A halin yanzu akwai aji biyu:
  • Darasi na 1 don aikace-aikace ne inda ake buƙatar mafi girman daidaito kuma inda ƙarfin ƙarfin ya kasance koyaushe tare da ƙarfin lantarki, zafin jiki, da mita. Waɗannan suna aiki a cikin zafin jiki daga -55ºC zuwa +125ºC, kuma haƙuri yawanci yakan bambanta. ±1%.
  • Class 2 yana da mafi girman iya aiki, amma ba su da madaidaici kuma haƙurin su ya fi muni. Tsayin yanayin zafi na iya haifar da ƙarfinsa ya bambanta har zuwa 15% da juriya na kusan 20% bambancin dangane da iyawar ƙididdiga.
• Tsarin: Akwai na al'ada yumbu capacitors, don soldering ko amfani a kan ci gaban allo, da MLCCs na zamani bugu da'irori ko PCBs.
• wuta da lantarki: ba duka suna goyan bayan irin ƙarfin lantarki da iko ɗaya ba. Siga ce da za ku bincika lokacin siyayya don tabbatar da cewa tana goyan bayan kewayon da zai yi aiki. Wadanda ke da fiye da 200 VA suna iya jure wa ƙarfin lantarki daga 2 kV har zuwa 100 kV, wanda yake da yawa, har ma da layin wutar lantarki. Koyaya, MLCCs yawanci suna tallafawa ko'ina daga ƴan volts zuwa ɗaruruwan volts.

Lambobi

Masu ƙarfin yumbu suna da lambobi 3 da aka zana a ɗayan fuskokinsu. Misali, 101, 102, 103, da dai sauransu, ban da dabi'u a cikin pF (pico farads). Wadannan lambobin suna da sauƙin fassara:

• Lambobin farko biyu sune ƙimar ƙarfin aiki a pF.
• Lamba na uku yana nuna adadin sifili da aka yi amfani da su akan ƙimar.

de amfani, a 104 yana nufin yana da 10 · 10.000 = 100.000 pF, ko kuma menene 100 nF ko 0.1 μF.

En rubuce-rubucen Hakanan zaka iya ganin masana'anta, wutar lantarki mai goyan baya, ko juriya...

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Idan kun yi mamaki game da abũbuwan da rashin amfani na yumbu capacitor, mahimman abubuwan sune:

• Abũbuwan amfãni:
  • Karamin tsari.
  • mai arha.
  • Ya dace da musanyawar halin yanzu saboda yanayin sa mara amfani.
  • Mai haƙuri don tsangwama sigina.
• disadvantages:
  • Ƙimar capacitance ya ragu.
  • Suna da tasirin microphonic akan da'irori.

Yadda ake duba capacitor na faifan yumbu

Don gwada aikin capacitor na yumbu, kuma duba idan yana aiki da kyau ko kuma ya lalace (gajeren kewayawa saboda yawan ƙarfin lantarki,...), zaku iya. bi wadannan matakan:

1. Yi amfani da multimeter ko multimeter don bincika ƙarfin yumbura.
2. Dubi labarin da aka sadaukar don wannan...

inda za a saya capacitors

Don siyan waɗannan na'urori masu arha, zaku iya duba shagunan sayar da kayan lantarki na musamman ko akan dandamali kamar Amazon:

• Babu kayayyakin samu..
• Kunshin 630 raka'a na electrolytic capacitors na daban-daban capacitors.
• Kit na 100 MLCC nau'in yumbu capacitors.
• 10 ba polarized polypropylene capacitors.
• 300 raka'a na high ƙarfin lantarki capacitors.
• 4 high irin ƙarfin lantarki electrolytic capacitors.