Welding: nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā hoʻopunipuni e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia ʻenehana

La ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka wili. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, he mea maʻamau ka hana hewa ʻana, e like me nā hui kūpono ʻole, pipili i ka electrode i ka metala, ʻaʻole hoʻoponopono pololei i ka amperage, ʻoi aku i ka metala, etc. Eia naʻe, me kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā hoʻopunipuni ma kēia ʻenehana, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo e hoʻohana i kāu ka mīkini welding pono, ʻoiai ma ka ʻatikala ma mua ua aʻo wau iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e koho i ka mea kūpono.

E kono aku au iā ʻoe lilo i mea wiliwili maikai no kāu mau papahana DIY me ka metala a me nā thermoplastics me kēia alakaʻi…

• ʻO nā mīkini wiliwili maikaʻi loa āu e kūʻai ai

weld wehewehe

La kuʻihao hōʻike i kahi kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau ʻāpana o kahi mea ma ka hui ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kēia mau mea he metala a i ʻole thermoplastics, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻae ai i kēia ʻano hui. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea hou (metala a i ʻole plastic) i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai, hana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "sold pool" ʻo ia ka mea i waiho ʻia e hui pū i nā ʻāpana. Ke maʻalili a paʻa ka mea, hana ia i kahi paʻa ikaika i kapa ʻia ʻo 'bead'.

Nāʻano likeʻole Nā kumu ikehu, e like me ka lapalapa ahi, ka uila arc, ka laser, ka uila uila, nā ala friction a i ʻole nā ​​ultrasonic, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana wili. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana metala e loaʻa mai i kahi arc uila, aʻo nā thermoplastics e hui pū ʻia ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me kahi mea hana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kinoea wela. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai e hana pinepine ʻia ka welding ma nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, hiki nō ke hana ia ma nā wahi like ʻole i hoʻokipa ʻia, e like me lalo o ka wai a me ka lewa.

ʻano wiliwili

La hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻelua mau ʻenehana hoʻohui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai e pili ana nā mea ʻelua i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o kahi mea i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai, aia nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o lākou e pili ana i ka mahana, nā mea waiwai, a me nā waiwai hopena.

• Solder palupalu: He hana ia e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa e hoʻohui i nā mea hana. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka wela hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka solder, ma lalo o 450°C, e hiki ai i ka mea ke hoʻoheheʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ke kuʻi ʻana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila, nā paipu paipu, a me nā noi ʻē aʻe kahi e koi ʻia ai kahi hui paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe wela wela. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi ʻano solder palupalu ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka uila a me ka plumbing me ka tin, a i ʻole ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā thermoplastics.
• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia: He kaʻina hoʻohui ia e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi mea hoʻopihapiha me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka heheʻe ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe palupalu, ma waena o 450°C a me 900°C. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole i hoʻolei ʻia nā ʻāpana hana, akā hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea hoʻopihapiha a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hui ma waena o nā ʻāpana. Ke paʻa ka mea hoʻopihapiha, hana ia i kahi pilina ikaika a mau loa. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Brazing e hui pū i nā ʻāpana e pono ai ke kū i nā ukana mechanical a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, nā kaʻa, nā hale, etc. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano kuʻi ʻana ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā metala e like me ke kila, hao, aluminika, etc.

Nā mea hiki ke wili ʻia (weldability)

La weldability E pili ana i ka hiki o nā mea waiwai, inā like a ʻokoʻa paha ke ʻano, e hoʻopili mau ʻia e nā kaʻina hana kuʻi. ʻOiai, ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki ke welded ka hapa nui o nā metala, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia metala kona ʻano ponoʻī, ʻike ʻia e nā ʻano kikoʻī e lawe i nā pono a me nā hemahema. ʻO nā mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka weldability o kahi metala ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka electrode i hoʻohana ʻia, ka wikiwiki o ka maʻalili ʻana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kinoea pale, a me ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.

Nā metala hiki ke weluwelu

Ma waena o nā metala hiki ke wili ʻike mākou i kēia:

• ʻO nā kila (ke kila kila, ke kila kalapona, ke kila galvanized,…)
• Hao hoohehee.
• ʻO ka alumini a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui.
• ʻO Nickel a me kona mau ala.
• Ke keleawe a me kona mau ala.
• ʻO Titanium a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui.

Eia kekahi, pono mākou e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau metala weldable e like me nā pae like ʻole, e like me kū'ē a i ʻole conductivity uila i loaʻa iā lākou, no ka mea he mea nui kēia i ka wā e kūʻai aku ai:

• Kūleʻa uila kiʻekiʻe / metala conductivity uila haʻahaʻa: hiki iā lākou ke welded me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (nā kahawai haʻahaʻa), e like me ke kila.
• Haʻahaʻa uila kū'ē / kiʻekiʻe uila conductivity metala: weld lākou i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono lākou i ka amperage. ʻO nā laʻana o kēia mau metala he aluminika, keleawe, a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou e like me ke ʻano metala:

• Nā metala me ka haku mele Ferrous: ʻO nā metala ferrous, ʻo ka hao ka mea nui, e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka ikaika tensile a me ka paʻakikī.
  • Kila: Loaʻa iā ia ka hao ma ke ʻano he kumu, ʻike ʻia ia e kona malleability, kūpaʻa a me ka versatility. He mea hoʻokele maikaʻi kēia metala o ka wela a me ka uila, e kūpono ana ia no nā ʻano hana wiliwili like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, he mau palena ko ke kila, e like me kona kaumaha nui a hiki i ka pala. He mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole me ke kalapona, me ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kila a me ka paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, ke emi nei ka weldability i ka like ʻole o ka hardenability. He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o ka weld a pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka unahi ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kila i ka pala. ʻO nā kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe e kūpono i nā kaʻina hana wili.
  • Ka hao a i ʻole ka hao: Loaʻa ʻia mai ka hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia ʻana o ka hao i loko o nā kapuahi pahū, aia ka nui o ke kalapona a me ke silikoni, a he palupalu. ʻOiai he pilikia ka wiliwili ʻana i ka hao, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole. Pono e pale ʻia nā ʻili o ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka momona i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi, no ka mea hiki ke paʻakikī i ka hana. ʻO ka welding cast iron kahi hana paʻakikī a pipiʻi e pono ai ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana me ka lama oxyacetylene. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole paʻa a paʻakikī ka hopena o ka weld. No kēia mau kumu, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia hana no ka poʻe hobbyists.
• Nā metala nonferrous: ʻo ia ka poʻe i haku ʻole i ka hao, ua hui pū ʻia lākou i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
  • Nā Metala Kaumaha (ka mānoanoa like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 5 Kg/dm³):
    • Tin: hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka tinplate a i ka ʻoihana uila.
    • Koho: me ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity, kū i ka corrosion. Pono ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka welding impeccable e pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā oxides. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaula uila, paipu, etc.
    • Zinc: loaʻa ka hoʻonui wela wela ma waena o nā metala. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pepa, waiho ʻia, etc. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau ili e galvanize i ke kila.
    • Kēpau: hoʻohana ʻia i nā weld palupalu a me nā uhi, a me nā paipu, ʻoiai ua hāʻule i ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma muli o kona ʻona.
    • Kālā: hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kila kila a me nā mea hana.
    • Nickel: hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka uhiʻana i nā metala a me ka hanaʻana i nā kila kila.
    • Tungsten: hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea hana ʻoki i nā mīkini.
    • ʻO Cobalt: hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā metala ikaika.
  • nā metala māmā (ka mānoanoa ma waena o 2 a me 5 Kg/dm³):
    • titanium: kū i waho i kēia māhele a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana aeronautical a me ka turbine.
  • Nā metala māmā loa (ke emi iho ma mua o 2 Kg/dm³):
    • Makanekiuma: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he deoxidizer i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kila, ʻoi aku ia ma kēia ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā plastik e hiki ai ke hoʻohui

ka thermoplastics He mau polymers i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā pōʻai hoʻoheheʻe a me ka paʻa paʻa ʻana me ka pau ʻole. Ke hoʻokau ʻia i ka wela, lilo lākou i wai a, i ka wā i hoʻomaha ai, hoʻihoʻi hou lākou i ko lākou ʻoi. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hōʻea ʻana i ka pae maloʻo, loaʻa nā thermoplastics i kahi ʻano aniani a me ka haki. ʻO kēia mau mea kikoʻī, ka mea e hāʻawi i ka mea i kona ʻike, hōʻike i kahi ʻano hoʻohuli ʻia, e ʻae ana i ka mea e hoʻokau ʻia i ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hoʻoponopono hou a me nā pōʻai hoʻoluʻu ma ke kumu mau.

ʻO kekahi nā laʻana o nā thermoplastics Ka mea, e:

• PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): No nā polyesters, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea o kēlā me kēia lā a maʻalahi hiki ke hana hou. Paʻa kona ʻano semirystalline. He mea maʻamau ia i ka paʻi paʻa a maʻalahi ma muli o kona māmā.
• HDPE (Polyethylene Kiʻekiʻe Kiʻekiʻe): He mea maʻalahi loa ia, i loaʻa mai ka ʻaila. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o nā ʻōmole, nā hue, nā papa ʻokiʻoki a me nā paipu, e ʻike ana no kona kū ʻana a me ka helu heheʻe.
• LDPE (Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa): ʻO ka polyethylene he palupalu, kūpaʻa a maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia ke kemika maikaʻi a me ka hopena hopena, me kahi helu heheʻe o 110 ° C.
• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, ka paipu, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kaula, nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea hou aku. He maʻalahi, hoʻokele waiwai a ke hoʻololi nei i nā mea kahiko.
• PP (Polypropylene): He polymer paʻa, kūpaʻa a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o nā ʻeke, nā noi ʻenekinia, a me ka ʻōmole puhi ʻana. ʻO ia ka lua o ka plastic i hana ʻia.
• PS (Polystyrene): ʻIke ʻia ʻo Styrofoam a hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana mea kūʻai aku a me ka ʻeke kalepa. Hiki ke paʻa a huʻa paha, hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, casings, a me ka ʻai meaʻai.
• Naelona: He polyamide kūpaʻa, elastic a transparent. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka lawaiʻa, textiles, kaula, nā mea kani, nā kāʻei, nā stockings, etc., a heheʻe i nā wela kiʻekiʻe (263ºC).

E lohe pū kekahi o kēia mau mea iā ʻoe mai kā mākou ʻatikala e pili ana i nā mea paʻi 3D, no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no kēia mau hana hana hoʻohui.

He aha ka scum?

La ʻōpala kanaka ʻO Solder kahi koena non-metala i hana ʻia ma kekahi mau hana kuʻi. Hoʻomaka ia i ka wā e paʻa ai ka mea flux i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wiliwili ke pau ke kaʻina hana. ʻO kēia lepo ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o ka flux a me nā mea makemake ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​kinoea ea e hui pū me ia i ka wā e kūʻai aku ai. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka flux a me ka slag i hana ʻia e hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka solder.

Noho mau ka slag ma ka weld seam, e like me ke ʻano o ka iwi ʻeleʻele ke paʻa, a hiki ke wehe maʻalahi. Inā maikaʻi ka hana ʻana o ka weld, maʻa mau ia e puka mai me kekahi mau kaomi mālie. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka wili ʻana, e paʻa paha kēia pala i loko o ka pahu, e hana ana i kahi ami palupalu.

He aha ka splash?

ka hoʻopulapula Loaʻa nā mea wiliwili i nā kulu liʻiliʻi o ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​mea metala ʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ka hana wili. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana wela liʻiliʻi a hāʻule i luna o ka papa hana a i ʻole ka papahele, ʻoiai e pili ana kekahi i ka mea kumu a i ʻole nā ​​mea metala ʻē aʻe e pili ana. Hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi kēia mau pāpaʻi, e lawe ana i ke ʻano o nā pōʻai pōʻai liʻiliʻi i ka wā e paʻa ai.

ʻAʻole lākou he pilikia nui, akā pae nani ʻae hiki iā lākou. Pono paha lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻopau i kēia mau kīʻaha a waiho i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe.

Pehea e wili pono ai

He ʻano paʻakikī ke kūʻai ʻana, akā naʻe, ʻano laulā, hiki ke hana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu (Ke paipai nei au iā ʻoe e nānā i ke wikiō no ka ʻike kiʻi hou aku):

Hoʻoponopono i ka ikaika

Hoʻoponopono i ka ikaika o kēia manawa, a i ʻole amperage, ʻo ia kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e hana i kahi weld maikaʻi. Nui ka poʻe i nalowale i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e wili i ka wā e koho ai i ka amperage, akā he nui nā manawa he mea ia o ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hewa. Eia naʻe, i mea maʻalahi iā ʻoe, eia nā papa ʻelua e ʻike ai i nā amps āu e koho ai e like me ka mānoanoa a i ʻole ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana e welded a e like me ka electrode āu i koho ai. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi iā ʻoe, ʻoiai aia paha nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka mīkini welding i koho ʻia.

Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, aia kahi hana maʻalahi e koho i ka amperage ma muli o ka electrode, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i kēia papa ma ka lima. A ke hoonui wale nei i ke anawaena o ka electrode me ka x35, no ka loaa ana o na amp. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa iā mākou kahi electrode 2.5mm anawaena, ʻo ia ka 2.5 × 35 = 87A, ʻo ia ka mea a puni ma kahi o 90A. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole hana kēia lula me nā mīkini welding uea...

Ke koho ʻana i nā electrodes / uea kūpono

Uea a i ʻole electrode mau

E koho i ke kaula kūpono (i kapa ʻia ʻo electrode mau) he mea ia e noʻonoʻo ai i nā ʻano aʻe:

• E ʻōwili e kūpono me ke kākoʻo o ka welder, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻōwili o 0.5 kg, 1 kg, etc.
• E mea kūpono ke kaula no ka uniona au e hana ai, e like me ka metala au e makemake ai e hui.
• E lawa ka mānoanoa o ka milo (0.8mm, 1mm,…), a e pili ana kēia i ka laula o ka chord a i ʻole ka kaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā hono. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka milo mānoanoa no nā hui i ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole ka hoʻopiha piha.
• ʻAno uwea wiliwili a i ʻole electrode mau, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai mākou ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole:
  • Nui a paʻa pahaHana ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi metala. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua like kēia metala me ka mea kumu, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maʻemaʻe o ka substrate. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau uea paʻa e hoʻohui i nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a me nā mea lahilahi. No ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ke koena slag ma ka weld a maʻalili wikiwiki, kūpono lākou no kēia mau noi.
  • Tubular a me ke kumu: loaʻa iā lākou kahi pauka fluxing granular i loko e hoʻokō i kahi hana e like me nā electrodes i uhi ʻia. Hāʻawi kēia mau uea iā ʻoe e hana me ka ʻole o ke kinoea pale i ka wā wili. Hāʻawi lākou i ka paʻa arc ʻoi aku ka hohonu a me ke komo hohonu ʻana, e hopena i ka hopena hui maikaʻi ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā hemahema a me ka porosity. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā uea cored i nā mea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, no ka mea, hoʻopuka lākou i ka pala ma ka pahu a ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻomaha ʻana. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e kūpono iā lākou no ka hana wili ma kēia ʻano mea. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e haʻi aku, e like me ka MMA lāʻau kuʻi, pono ka wehe ʻana i ka slag i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā uwea cored.

electrode pauku

Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā electrodes pau, kahi e ʻike ai mākou i ka nui o nā ʻano a me nā diameters, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono. Eia naʻe, ke aʻo aku nei mākou iā ʻoe:

• Ka uhi:
  • Kapa komo iā ia: Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou me kahi kumu metala e hoʻokō ai i ka hana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe, me kahi uhi i loaʻa nā mea kemika like ʻole. Hana kēia lining i ʻelua mau hana koʻikoʻi: pale i ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka lewa a puni a hoʻopaʻa i ke arc uila. I loko o kēia ʻano, loaʻa iā mākou:
    • Rutile (R): ua uhi ʻia lākou e ka rutile a i ʻole, he aha ka mea like, titanium oxide. He maʻalahi lākou e lawelawe a kūpono no ka wiliwili ʻana i nā ʻāpana lahilahi a me ka mānoanoa o nā mea e like me ka hao a i ʻole ke kila māmā. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā hana koi ʻole, maʻalahi lākou, a maʻamau.
    • Kumu (B): ua uhi ʻia kēia me ka calcium carbonate. No ka mea ua kūpaʻa loa lākou i nā māwae, ua kūpono lākou no nā welds o kahi paʻakikī. He kūpono no ka wiliwili ʻana i nā wili. ʻAʻole lākou maʻalahi a maʻalahi paha ke loaʻa.
    • Cellulosic (C): Hoʻopili ʻia lākou me ka cellulose a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui organik. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou, ʻoi loa, i ka iho ʻana i ke kū pololei a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kūikawā (e like me nā pipeline gas), ma waena o nā hana koʻikoʻi loa.
    • ʻO ka ʻakika (A): ʻO ka silica, ka manganese a me ka iron oxide ka mea maʻamau i loko o ka pūhui e uhi ana i kēia mau electrodes. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana me ka mānoanoa nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona komo nui ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā māwae i nā hihia kahi i kūpono ʻole ai ke kumu kumu a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e welded.
  • ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia: nele lākou i ka papa pale, e kaupalena ana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe kinoea. I kēia hihia, pono ka pale o waho ma o ke kinoea inert e pale i ka infiltration o ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau electrodes i ka ʻenehana welding TIG, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā electrodes tungsten. Hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke loaʻa nā hoʻopau kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻano mea like ʻole.
• Material: Eia hou, pono ʻoe e koho i ka electrode kūpono e like me ka mea āu e hele ai e weld, no ka mea hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka hao / kila, a i ʻole alumini, etc.
• ʻO ka palena: Hiki iā mākou ke koho i ka nui kūpono e like me ka nui o nā mea a mākou e makemake ai e waiho ma ke kaula. Aia nā mānoanoa nui a liʻiliʻi paha, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻoiai ke koho maʻamau inā kānalua ʻo 2.5mm, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Eia naʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka hui ʻana, e koho i kahi anawaena liʻiliʻi, a inā ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka hui, makemake ʻoe e hoʻopiha i nā āpau nui, a i ʻole uhi i nā lua, ʻo ka mea kūpono ke koho i kahi electrode mānoanoa.
• Lōʻihi: Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā electrodes o ka lōʻihi a i ʻole ka lōʻihi. ʻIke ʻia e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia he 350mm ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi, 35 cm. Eia naʻe, ʻoki kekahi poʻe iā lākou, no ka mea makemake lākou e hana me kahi electrode pōkole ...
• Nomenclature AWS: Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ka helu electrode, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana kēlā me kēia helu i kekahi mea. E like me kāu e ʻike ai i nā electrodes kalepa, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano nomenclature E-XXX-YZ. I kēia manawa e wehewehe wau i ke ʻano o kēia code alphanumeric:
  • AWS A5.1 (E-XXYZ-1 HZR): electrodes no ke kila kalapona.
    • E: e hōʻike ana he electrode ia no ka wiliwili arc.
      
    • XX: hōʻike i ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ka welding. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka 6011 ma mua o ka 7011.
    • Y: hōʻike i ke kūlana kahi i mākaukau ai ka electrode e wili.
      • 1=Nā kūlana a pau (paʻa, kūpaʻa, kaupaku, ākea).
      • 2=No nā kūlana palahalaha a me ka pae.
      • 3=No ke kūlana palahalaha wale nō.
      • 4=Ma luna o ke poʻo, kū i lalo, paʻa a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
    • Z: ke ʻano o ke au uila a me ka polarity e hiki ai ke hana. Eia kekahi, e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka uhi i hoʻohana ʻia.
    • HZR: Hiki i kēia code koho ke kuhikuhi:
      • HZ: hoʻokō me ka hoʻāʻo hydrogen diffusible.
      • R: hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka moisture absorption.
  • AWS A5.5 (E-XXYZ-**): no na hao hao haahaa.
    • E like me ka mea i luna, akā e hoʻololi i ka suffix hope **.
    • Ma kahi o nā leka hoʻohana lākou i kahi leka a me kahi helu. Hōʻike lākou i ka pākēneka kokoke o ka alloy i loko o ka waihona weld.
  • AWS A5.4 (E-XXX-YZ): no na kila kila.
    • E: hōʻike ʻia he electrode no ka wili ʻana arc.
    • XXX: hoʻoholo i ka AISI papa o kuhiliʻole kila no ka electrode i manaoia.
    • Y: pili i ke kūlana, a loaʻa hou iā mākou:
      • 1=Nā kūlana a pau (paʻa, kūpaʻa, kaupaku, ākea).
      • 2=No nā kūlana palahalaha a me ka pae.
      • 3=No ke kūlana palahalaha wale nō.
      • 4=Ma luna o ke poʻo, kū i lalo, paʻa a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
    • Z: ke ʻano o ka uhi a me ke ʻano o kēia manawa a me ka polarity hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

non-consumable electrodes

ʻO ka hope, ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina i ka non-consumable electrodes, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i hana ʻia me ka tungsten a i ʻole ka tungsten, nā mea āu e makemake ai e kapa iā lākou. I kēia hihia, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou penei:

• Tungsten 2% Thorium (WT20): He ʻulaʻula ka waihoʻoluʻu, hoʻohana ʻia no ka wiliwili DC TIG. Pono ʻoe e ʻaʻahu i ka maka, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i kou olakino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana maikaʻi loa lākou no ka oxidation, nā waikawa a me nā kila wela e like me ke keleawe, tantalum a me ka titanium.
• Tungsten 2% Cerium (WC20): He ʻeleʻele ko lākou a he lōʻihi ko lākou ola, a me ka mahalo i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea koho maikaʻi loa i nā thorium.
• Tungsten 2% Lanthanum (WL20): he kala polū ko lākou, hoʻohana ʻia no ka welding automated, me ke ola lōʻihi a me ka uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i ka radiation.
• Tungsten ma 1% Lanthanum (WL5): he melemele ka waihoʻoluʻu i kēia hihia, a hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka plasma.
• Tungsten i Zirconium (WZ8): me ke kala keʻokeʻo, hoʻohana mua ʻia lākou no ka hoʻoheheʻe AC.
• Tungsten Maʻemaʻe (W): He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu, hiki iā ia ke weld i ka aluminika, magnesium, nickel a me nā alloys e ka AC welding. ʻAʻohe ona mea hoʻohui, no laila ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino e like me ka thorium.

Nā hewa maʻamau a me ka hoʻonā

ʻOiai he nui ka helu nā hemahema hiki ke, ʻo nā mea maʻamau āu e loaʻa ai a pale aku i kēia mau mea:

• ʻAno ʻino ke kaula: Hiki paha kēia pilikia ma muli o ka wela nui ʻana, ke koho pono ʻole o nā electrodes, nā pilina hewa a i ʻole ka amperage kūpono ʻole. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ke koena kūpono, a koho i kahi electrode kūpono e holo ana i kahi wikiwiki kikoʻī e pale i ka wela.
• ʻO ka paʻipaʻi nui: Ke ʻoi aʻe ka pāpaʻi ʻana i nā pae maʻamau, ma muli paha ke kumu o ke au kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka mana magnetic. Eia hou, ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka amperage e ʻike i ka palena pololei i kāu kaʻina hana.
• komo nui loa: Ma kēia kūlana, ʻo ka pilikia nui ke kūlana kūpono ʻole o ka electrode. Manaʻo ʻia e kālailai i ke kihi kūpono no ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana.
• weld māwae- ʻO ka haki ʻana i ka weld ka hopena ma muli o ka pilina hewa ma waena o ka nui o ka weld a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻohui ʻia, e hopena i kahi hui paʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia, e hoʻohana i kāu mau mākau analytical e hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻolālā junction i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui, nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a me ke koho ʻana paha i kahi electrode kūpono.
• wiliwili a palupalu: ʻO kēia kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka welding, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka maikaʻi hope o nā ʻāpana. Hiki ke kumu mai ke koho electrode hewa i ka lawa ole o ka wela a i ole i ka hooluolu pono ole. No laila, e ho'āʻo e hoʻohana i kahi electrode kūpono (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hydrogen content), e kaupalena i ke komo ʻana a hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaha ʻana.
• ʻIstlelo hoʻokaʻawale- Hiki i kēia hemahema ke kumu mai ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻolālā mua ʻana a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka emi ʻana o nā metala, ka hopena i kahi hui maikaʻi ʻole a, i kekahi mau hihia, wela loa. I kēia pae, e nānā a, inā pono, e hoʻolālā hou i ke kumu hoʻohālike, a e noʻonoʻo pū i nā koho e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻAʻohe hoʻoheheʻe a me ka deformation: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau pilikia ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ʻole ʻana a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana kūpono ʻole, ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o nā ʻāpana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i kēia ma ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma mua o ka wili ʻana, a me ka nānā pono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana.
• hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia- ʻO kēia pilikia ka hopena ma muli o ke koho ʻana i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka amperage kiʻekiʻe. No laila, pono ʻoe e nānā inā ke hoʻohana nei ʻoe i ka electrode kūpono a hoʻemi paha i ka wikiwiki welding.
• Porosity: hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ka slag me ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā manawa he nui me ka wehe ʻole ʻana i ka slag ma mua, ma muli o ka haumia o ka metala i ke kaʻina hana, etc. I kēia hihia, he mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka lei ʻaʻahu maikaʻi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, me ka hele ʻole ʻana i nā manawa he nui (me ka wehe ʻole ʻana i ka slag).

Ka palekana a me nā kānalua pinepine

Mālama He mea nui ka palekana welding no ka pale ʻana i nā pōʻino a me nā pōʻino pilikino. Eia kekahi mau hana palekana e pono ai ʻoe e hahai i ka hana ʻana i ka hana wili.

• Mai wiliwili ma nā wahi me ka wahie a i ʻole nā ​​mea puhi ahi kokoke: Hiki i ke ahi i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ke ahi a pahū paha.
• E hoʻohana i ka PPE a i ʻole nā ​​mea pale: i haku ʻia me ka mask no ka pale ʻana i nā maka, nā mīkina lima no nā lima, nā kāmaʻa me nā kapuaʻi insulating a me nā lole lōʻihi e pale aku ai i ke ahi o ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, inā ʻoe e wiliwili i nā electrodes galvanized a i ʻole tungsten me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, e hoʻohana mau i ka mask kānana.
• Wahi hoʻoluʻu maikaʻi: e hana ma kahi me ka makani maikaʻi e pale aku ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mahu a me nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa. Inā hana ʻoe i loko o ka hale, e hōʻoia i ka lawa ʻana o ka ea a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe fume.
• Ka mea kinai ahi a me ke kokua mua: E loaʻa i kahi pahu kinai ahi kūpono a me ka pahu kōkua mua ma ka lima inā pilikia kekahi pilikia. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me kona hoʻohana a me kona wahi.
• Mai puhi a ʻai paha i ka meaʻai: e pale i ka puhi paka, ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inu ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ka wahi hoʻoheheʻe, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ka meaʻai i ka uahi a me nā ʻāpana a pōʻino i kou olakino.
• ʻO nā lako ma ke kūlana maikaʻi: ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i ka mīkini welding he mea nui ia i ke kūlana maikaʻi a pale aku i nā pilikia hoʻokuʻu ma muli o ka insulation maikaʻi ʻole, overheating, etc.
• Wehe i ka mana: Ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a hoʻopā ʻana paha i kekahi ʻāpana o ka mea hana hoʻoheheʻe, e hōʻoia i ka hemo ʻana mai ke kumu mana uila.

Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi o nā ʻO nā nīnau pinepine ma waena o nā poʻe novice inā paha e hoʻopā i ka ʻāpana i welded a i ʻole ka electrode hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi haʻalulu uila.. A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo:

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopā i ka ʻāpana metala āu e wili ai me kou lima ʻole me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka haʻalulu i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka electrode a me ka puʻu lepo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke puhi iā ʻoe iho ke piʻi ka mahana o nā ʻāpana.
• ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka electrode i waiho ʻole ʻia, akā naʻe, kākoʻo nui nā welder ʻoihana iā ia i loko o kā lākou mīkina lima no ka ʻoi aku ka pololei. Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea i uhi ʻia me ka rutile, no ka mea ua uhi ʻia ka metala i loko e kahi insulator. Akā inā kānalua ʻoe inā he insulating a ʻaʻole paha ka uhi a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi electrode ʻole, mai hoʻopā iā ia.

Mai poina e heluhelu i kā mākou ʻatikala e pili ana ʻO nā mīkini wiliwili maikaʻi loa āu e kūʻai ai...