ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana hoʻohui, ma ka ʻāpana leʻaleʻa a ma ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻenehana. Ua hele mai nā mea paʻi 3D e hoʻololi i ke ʻano āu e paʻi ai a ke kūkulu nei lākou i nā hale hou, hiki ke loaʻa mai nā mea liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā mea ola a hiki i nā hale, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana aerodynamic no ka motorsport.
A hiki i kekahi mau makahiki aku nei, ʻo ka paʻi 2D ka mea o ka ʻepekema moʻolelo. Nui ka poʻe i moeʻuhane e hiki ke paʻi i nā mea ma mua o nā kiʻi a i ʻole kikokikona ma ka pepa XNUMXD maʻalahi. I kēia manawa ua oʻo ka ʻenehana i laila heluna ʻenehana, hōʻailona, hoʻohālike, etc. Ma kēia alakaʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia mau paʻi paʻi.
ʻO
He aha ka voxel?
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i kamaʻāina ka leo, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ke ʻano o ia mea, ʻoiai ma ka paʻi 3D he mea nui ia. ʻO ia ka pōkole o ka English «volumetric pixel», he ʻāpana cubic i hana i kahi mea ʻekolu-dimensional.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka like 2D o kahi pika. A, e like me kāu e ʻike ai ma ke kiʻi ma luna, inā e māhele ʻia kēlā kumu hoʻohālike 3D i nā cubes, he voxel kēlā me kēia. He mea nui e wehewehe i ia mea, no ka mea, ʻae kekahi mau mea paʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe 3D i ka mana o kēlā me kēia voxel i ka wā paʻi e loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe.
He aha ka mea paʻi 3D
ʻO ka mīkini paʻi 3D he mīkini hiki ke paʻi i nā mea me ka leo mai kahi hoʻolālā kamepiula. ʻO ia, e like me ka mea paʻi maʻamau, akā ma kahi o ka paʻi ʻana ma kahi pālahalaha a ma 2D, hana ia me ʻekolu anana (ākea, lōʻihi a me ke kiʻekiʻe)). ʻO nā hoʻolālā e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kēia mau hopena hiki ke loaʻa mai kahi hiʻohiʻona 3D a i ʻole CAD, a mai kahi mea kino maoli i hana ʻia. XNUMXD scan.
A hiki iā lākou paʻi i nā ʻano mea a pau, mai nā mea maʻalahi e like me ke kīʻaha kofe, a hiki i nā mea paʻakikī loa e like me nā mea ola, nā hale, etc. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka moeʻuhane o ka poʻe he nui i makemake e ola mai kā lākou kiʻi paʻi ʻia mai ka pepa mai, a ua maʻalahi lākou e hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ka ʻoihana, a ma ka home hoʻi.
Moʻolelo o ka paʻi 3D
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka paʻi 3D he mea hou loa ia, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo pono e hoʻi i hope i kekahi mau makahiki. Puka mai na mea a pau ka mīkini paʻi inkjet mai 1976, kahi i holomua ai e pani i ka ʻīnika paʻi me nā mea e hoʻohua ai i nā mea me ka leo, e hana ana i nā ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi a hōʻailona i nā milestones i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia ʻenehana a hiki i nā mīkini o kēia manawa:
- I ka makahiki 1981 ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mīkini paʻi 3D mua. ua hana ʻo ia Kauka Hideo Kodama, o ka Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute (Iapana). ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻohana i 2 mau ʻano hana like ʻole āna i hana ai no ka hana hoʻohui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka resin paʻi kiʻi, e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā chips. Akā naʻe, e haʻalele ʻia kāna papahana ma muli o ka nele o ka hoihoi a me ke kālā.
- I kēia ʻumi makahiki hoʻokahi, nā ʻenekini Farani ʻO Alain Le Méhauté, Olivier de Wittte a me Jean-Claude André, hoʻomaka e noiʻi i ka ʻenehana o ka hana ʻana ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā resins photosensitive me ka hoʻōla ʻana o UV. ʻAʻole ʻae ka CNRS i ka papahana no ka nele o nā wahi noi. A, ʻoiai ua noi lākou i kahi patent i ka makahiki 1984, e haʻalele ʻia.
- charles hullI ka makahiki 1984, ua hui pū ʻo ia i ka hui ʻo 3D Systems, e haku ana i ka stereolithography (SLA). He kaʻina hana ia e paʻi ʻia ai kahi mea 3D mai kahi ʻano kikohoʻe.
- La mīkini 3D ʻano SLA mua Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e kūʻai ʻia i ka makahiki 1992, akā ua kiʻekiʻe loa kona mau kumukūʻai a ʻo ia mau mea hana maʻamau.
- I ka makahiki 1999 ua hōʻailona ʻia kekahi mea nui nui, e pili ana kēia manawa bioprinting, hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kino kanaka i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōpū mimi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi synthetic me nā pūnaewele ponoʻī. ʻO kēia milestone kona kumu i ka Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, e wehe ana i nā puka i ka hana ʻana i nā kino no nā transplants.
- El E hōʻea mai ana ka ʻōpū paʻi 3D i ka makahiki 2002. He kumu hoʻohālike piha ia me ka hiki ke kānana i ke koko a hana i ka mimi i loko o ka holoholona. Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia kēia hoʻomohala ʻana ma ka institute like.
- Ua loaʻa iā Adrian Bowyer RepRap ma ke Kulanui o Bath i ka makahiki 2005. He kumu wehe ia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi e hoʻopiʻi iā lākou iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke paʻi i kā lākou mau ʻāpana ponoʻī a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana e like me 3D filaments.
- Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ma 2006, hiki mai ka ʻenehana SLS a me ka hiki ke hana nui i ka mahalo i ka laser. Me ia, wehe ʻia nā puka no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
- ʻO 2008 ka makahiki o ka mea paʻi mua me hiki ke hoʻololi iā ia iho. ʻO Darwin ia o RepRap. I kēia makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomaka pū nā lawelawe hana hui, nā pūnaewele kahi e hiki ai i nā kaiāulu ke kaʻana like i kā lākou mau hoʻolālā 3D i hiki i nā poʻe ke paʻi iā lākou ma kā lākou mau paʻi 3D ponoʻī.
- Nui ka holomua ma ka 3D prosthetics ae. ʻO 2008 ka makahiki e hiki ai i ka mea mua ke hele me ka wāwae prosthetic i paʻi ʻia.
- ʻO 2009 ka makahiki o Makerbot a me nā kits o nā mea paʻi 3D, i hiki i nā mea hoʻohana he nui ke kūʻai aku iā lākou ma ke kumukūʻai a kūkulu i kā lākou paʻi ponoʻī iā lākou iho. ʻO ia, pili i nā mea hana a me DIY. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hana ʻo Dr. Gabor Forgacs i kahi hana nui i ka bioprinting, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kīʻaha koko.
- El mokulele i pai mua ia i 3D e hōʻea i 2011, i hana ʻia e nā ʻenekinia mai ke Kulanui o Southampton. He hoʻolālā ʻole ia, akā hiki ke hana ʻia i nā lā 7 wale nō a me kahi kālā o € 7000. Ua wehe kēia i ka pāpā no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēia makahiki hoʻokahi e hiki mai ana ka prototype kaʻa mua i paʻi ʻia, ʻo Kor Ecologic Urbee, me nā kumukūʻai ma waena o €12.000 a me €60.000.
- I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ka paʻi ʻana i nā mea hanohano e like me ke kala kala a me ke gula 14kt, no laila e wehe ana i kahi mākeke hou no nā mea kūʻai aku, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kikoʻī.
- I ka makahiki 2012 e hiki mai ana ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka iwi āpau prosthetic mua Ua paʻi ʻia ʻo 3D mahalo i kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi Belgian a me Dutch.
- A i kēia manawa ʻaʻole pau ka mākeke i ka ʻimi nā noi hou, hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana, a e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻia e nā ʻoihana a me nā home.
I kēia manawa, inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nei ehia ke kumu kūʻai o ka mīkini paʻi 3d, hiki ke hoʻomaka mai ka € 100 a i ʻole € 200 i ka hihia o ka mea liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi loa, i ka € 1000 a ʻoi aku paha i ka hihia o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa a ʻoi aku ka nui, a ʻo kekahi hoʻi e kūʻai ana i nā kaukani euros no ka ʻoihana ʻoihana.
He aha ka hana hoʻohui a i ʻole AM
ʻO ka paʻi 3D wale nō he hana hoohui, 'o ia ho'i, he ka'ina hana i mea e hana ai i na hi'ohi'ona 3D, e uhi i na papa o ka mea. ʻO ka mea kū'ē i ka hana subtractive, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi poloka mua (pepa, ingot, poloka, bar,...) kahi e hoʻoneʻe mālie ʻia a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huahana hope. No ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano hana subtractive, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻāpana i kālai ʻia ma ka lathe, e hoʻomaka ana me kahi poloka lāʻau.
Mahalo i kēia ʻano kipi hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka hana maʻalahi o nā mea ma ka home, nā hiʻohiʻona no nā mea ʻenekinia a me nā mea kākau, loaʻa nā prototypes no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, etc. Eia kekahi, ua hiki i kēia hana hoʻohui ke hana i nā ʻāpana i hiki ʻole ma mua e nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e like me nā molds, extrusion, etc.
He aha ka bioprinting
ʻO ka bioprinting kahi ʻano hana hoʻohui kūikawā, i hana pū ʻia me nā mea paʻi 3D, akā ʻokoʻa loa nā hopena mai nā mea inert. Mei hana i nā ʻiʻo ola a me nā ʻiʻo, mai ka ʻili kanaka a i ke kino koʻikoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea biocompatible, e like me nā mea no nā prostheses a i ʻole implants.
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mai ʻelua hana:
- Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hale, kahi ʻano kākoʻo a i ʻole scaffold me nā composites nā polymers biocompatible aole e hoole ia e ke kino, a e ae mai na sela ia lakou. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau hale i loko o kahi bioreactor i hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia e nā cell a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino, e hana mālie lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka mea hoʻokipa.
- He manaʻo ia o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ʻili i papa ma ka papa, akā ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea e like me nā plastics, a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā moʻomeheu kelepona ola a me kahi ala hoʻopaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo biopaper (biodegradable material) e hana ai.
Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā mea paʻi 3D
El pehea ka hana o ka mīkini paʻi 3d ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka mea i ʻike ʻia:
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka mai ka ʻōpala me ka polokalamu a hiki i 3d hoʻohālike a i ʻole CAD hoʻolālā e hoʻohua i ke kumu hoʻohālike āu e makemake ai, a i ʻole e hoʻoiho i kahi faila i hana mua ʻia, a e hoʻohana i kahi scanner 3D e kiʻi i ke kumu hoʻohālike 3D mai kahi mea kino maoli.
- I kēia manawa iā ʻoe ka Kākoʻo 3D i mālama ʻia i kahi faila kikohoʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka ʻike kikohoʻe me nā ana a me nā ʻano o ka mea.
- Eia malalo iho nei ʻoki ʻoki, he kaʻina hana e "ʻokiʻoki" ai ke kumu hoʻohālike 3D i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani o nā papa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana. ʻO ia hoʻi, pehea e ʻoki ai i ke kumu hoʻohālike me ka lako polokalamu.
- Ke kaomi ka mea hoʻohana i ke pihi paʻi, pili ka mīkini paʻi 3D i ka PC ma o ke kelepona USB, a i ʻole ka pūnaewele, a i ʻole ka faila i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke kāleka SD a i ʻole ka penikala peni. unuhi ʻia e ka mea paʻi paʻi.
- Mai laila, e hele ka mea paʻi ka hoomalu ana i na kaa e hoʻoneʻe i ke poʻo a pēlā e hoʻoulu ai i ka papa ma ka papa a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike hope loa. E like me ka mīkini paʻi maʻamau, akā e ulu ka leo i kēlā me kēia papa.
- ʻO ke ala i hana ʻia ai kēlā mau papa ʻokoʻa paha e ka ʻenehana loaʻa nā mea paʻi 3D. No ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ma ka extrusion a i ʻole ma ka resin.
Hoʻolālā 3D a me ka paʻi 3D
Ke ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka mīkini paʻi 3D a pehea e hana ai, ʻo ka mea aʻe ʻike i ka lako polokalamu a i ʻole nā mea hana pono no ke pai ana. He mea nui inā makemake ʻoe e hele mai kahi sketch a i ʻole manaʻo i kahi mea 3D maoli.
Pono ʻoe e ʻike aia kekahi mau ʻano polokalamu kumu no nā mea paʻi 3D:
- Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao aia nā papahana o Hoʻohālike 3D a i ʻole 3D CAD hoʻolālā hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hana i nā hoʻolālā mai ka wā kahiko, a i ʻole e hoʻololi iā lākou.
- Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao aia ka mea i kapa ʻia polokalamu slicer, ka mea e hoʻololi i ke kŘkohu 3D i mau kuhikuhi kiko'ī e paʻi ʻia ma ka mīkini paʻi 3D.
- Aia pū kekahi polokalamu hoʻololi mesh. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau polokalamu, e like me MeshLab, e hoʻololi i nā meshes o nā hiʻohiʻona 3D i ka wā e pilikia ai ke paʻi ʻana iā lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo nā papahana ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā mea paʻi 3D.
lako polokalamu paʻi 3D
Eia kekahi o na polokalamu paʻi 3d maikaʻi loa, ka uku a me ka manuahi, no ka 3d hoʻohālike y Hoʻolālā CAD, a me ka lako polokalamu manuahi a wehe paha:
SketchUp
Hana ʻia ʻo Google a me ka polokalamu hope loa SketchUp, ʻoiai ua lilo ia i ka lima o ka hui Trimble. He polokalamu ponoʻī a manuahi (me nā ʻano hoʻolālā uku like ʻole) a me ka hiki ke koho ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia ma ka pākaukau Windows a i ʻole ma ka pūnaewele (kekahi ʻōnaehana hana me kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele).
ʻO kēia ka papahana o hoʻolālā kiʻi a me ka hoʻohālike 3D ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa. Me ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻano hale like ʻole, ʻoiai ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, hoʻolālā ʻenehana, etc.
ʻO Ultimaker Cura
Ua hana ʻo Ultimaker ʻO Cura, kahi noi i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā mea paʻi 3D hiki ke hoʻololi a hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻāpana paʻi i ke code G. Ua hana ʻia e David Raan i kāna hana ʻana ma kēia hui, ʻoiai no ka mālama maʻalahi e wehe ʻo ia i kāna code ma lalo o ka laikini LGPLv3. He kumu wehe ia i kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻoi aku me nā polokalamu CAD ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
I kēia mau lā, kaulana loa ʻo ia a o ka mea i hoohana nui ia ma ka honua, me ka ʻoi aku o 1 miliona mau mea hoʻohana mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole.
prusaslicer
Ua makemake pū ka hui Prusa e hana i kāna polokalamu pono'ī. ʻO ia ka mea hana open source i kapa ʻia PrusaSlicer. He waiwai nui kēia app ma nā ʻōlelo o nā hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona, a loaʻa kahi hoʻomohala kūpono.
Me kēia polokalamu hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā hiʻohiʻona 3D i nā faila maoli i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā mea paʻi Prusa mua.
mea hana manaʻo
He manuahi kēia polokalamu ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā mea ʻelua Microsoft Windows, macOS, a ma GNU/Linux. Hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia ʻo Ideamaker no nā huahana Raise3D, a he mea slicer ʻē aʻe ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele i kāu prototypes no ka paʻi ʻana ma ke ala agile.
freecad
Pono ʻo FreeCAD i nā hoʻolauna liʻiliʻi, he papahana open source a manuahi ʻole no ka hoʻolālā 3D CAD. Me ia hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi ʻano hoʻohālike, e like me kāu e hana ai ma Autodesk AutoCAD, ka mana i uku ʻia a me ka code proprietary.
He maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana, a me kahi interface intuitive a waiwai i nā mea hana e hana pū ai. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma OpenCASCADE a ua kākau ʻia ma C++ a me Python, ma lalo o ka laikini GNU GPL.
Blender
ʻO kekahi kamaʻāina nui i ka honua o nā polokalamu manuahi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia polokalamu nui e nā poʻe loea, hāʻawi ʻia i ka mana a me nā hopena hāʻawi ia. Loaʻa ma nā kahua he nui, e like me Windows a me Linux, a ma lalo o ka laikini GPL.
Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa e pili ana i kēia polokalamu ʻaʻole ia e lawelawe wale hoʻomālamalama, hoʻolilo, hoʻouluulu a me ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻekolu no nā wikiō animated, nā pāʻani wikiō, nā kiʻi pena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana no ka hoʻohālike 3D a hana i nā mea āu e pono ai e paʻi.
ʻO Autodesk AutoCAD
He paepae ia e like me FreeCAD, akā he polokalamu lako a uku ʻia. Loaʻa i kāu mau laikini a ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā papahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma kahi pae ʻoihana. Me kēia polokalamu hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hoʻolālā 2D a me 3D CAD, hoʻohui i ka neʻe ʻana, nā mea leʻaleʻa he nui i nā mea, etc.
Loaʻa ia no Microsoft Windows, a ʻo kekahi o kāna mau mea maikaʻi ʻo ia ka launa pū me Nā faila DWF, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ākea a hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hui Autodesk ponoʻī.
Hōʻoia Autodesk 360
Hōʻoia Autodesk 360 He nui nā mea like me AutoCAD, akā ua hoʻokumuʻia ma kahi kapuaʻi kapuaʻi, no laila hiki iāʻoe ke hana mai kahi āu e makemake ai a loaʻa mau i ka manaʻoi loa o kēia polokalamu. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e uku i nā kau inoa, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi loa.
ʻO Tinkercad
ʻO TinkerCAD kekahi papahana hoʻohālike 3D hiki ke hoʻohana ma ka pūnaewele, mai kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele, e wehe nui ana i nā hiki ke hoʻohana iā ia mai nā wahi āu e pono ai. Mai ka makahiki 2011 ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana, a ua lilo i mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea hoʻohana o nā mea paʻi 3D, a hiki i nā kikowaena hoʻonaʻauao, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kāna aʻo ʻana ma mua o Autodesk.
keʻena hana mesh
Loaʻa ia no Linux, Windows, a me macOS, a he manuahi a wehe ʻia. ʻO MeshLab kahi ʻōnaehana polokalamu mesh mesh 3D. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia polokalamu ʻo ia ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau hale no ka hoʻoponopono, hoʻoponopono, nānā, hoʻolilo, etc.
Nā Solid
ʻO ka hui ʻEulopa ʻo Dassault Systèmes, mai kāna ʻoihana SolidWorks Corp., ua hoʻomohala i kekahi o nā polokalamu CAD maikaʻi loa a ʻoihana no ka hoʻohālike 2D a me 3D. He mea ʻokoʻa paha ʻo SolidWorks i Autodesk AutoCAD, akā ʻo ia i hoʻolālā kūikawā no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mechanical. ʻAʻole ia he manuahi, ʻaʻole ia he kumu wehe, a loaʻa iā Windows.
Creo
Ma ka hopena, ʻO Creo kekahi o ka polokalamu CAD/CAM/CAE maikaʻi loa no nā mea paʻi 3D hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa. He polokalamu ia i hana ʻia e PTC a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolālā i ka lehulehu o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, wikiwiki a me ka hana liʻiliʻi. Mahalo a pau i kāna interface intuitive i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana a me ka huahana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻāpana no ka hana additive a subtractive, a me ka simulation, generative design, etc. Ua uku ʻia, pani kumu a no Windows wale nō.
Kākau 3D
ʻO ka hana aʻe no ka hoʻolālā ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu ma luna nei ʻo ka paʻi maoli. ʻO ia hoʻi, i ka manawa mai kēlā faila me ke kumu hoʻohālike hoʻomaka ka mīkini paʻi 3D e hana i nā papa a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike a loaʻa ka hoʻolālā maoli.
Este ʻoi aʻe a liʻiliʻi paha ke kaʻina hana, e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi ʻana, ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāpana, a me kona nui. Akā hiki ke hele mai kekahi mau minuke a i mau hola. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki ke waiho ʻia ka mea paʻi me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai he maikaʻi mau ke nānā ʻana i ka hana i kēlā me kēia manawa e pale i nā pilikia mai ka hopena i ka hopena hope.
hana hope
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke pau ka paʻi ʻana o ka ʻāpana ma ka mīkini paʻi 3D, ʻaʻole pau ka hana ma laila i ka nui o nā hihia. A laila hele mai nā mea ʻē aʻe nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka post-processing like:
- E hoʻopau i kekahi mau ʻāpana pono e hana ʻia a ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana o ke kumu hoʻohālike hope, e like me ke kumu a i ʻole ke kākoʻo e pono ai no ka ʻāpana e kū.
- ʻO ke one a poni paha i ka ʻili no ka hoʻopau hope ʻana.
- ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili o ka mea, e like me ka varnishing, pena, ʻauʻau, etc.
- Pono paha kekahi mau ʻāpana, e like me nā ʻāpana metala, i nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka kuke ʻana.
- Inā pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkulu i ka holoʻokoʻa ma muli o kona mau ʻāpana, pono paha e hui pū i nā ʻāpana (hui, glue, welding...).
Nā nīnau pinepine
ʻO ka hope, ʻo ka ʻāpana ma FAQ a i ʻole nīnau pinepine ʻia a pane ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kahi paʻi 3D. ʻO nā mea i ʻimi pinepine ʻia:
Pehea e wehe ai iā STL
ʻO kekahi o nā nīnau pinepine pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke wehe a nānā i kahi faila .stl. E pili ana kēia hoʻonui i nā faila stereolithography a hiki ke wehe ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia e Dassault Systèmes CATIA lako polokalamu ma waena o nā papahana CAD e like me AutoCAD etc.
Ma waho aʻe o nā STL, aia kekahi nā faile ʻē aʻe like .obj, .dwg, .dxf, etc. Ua kaulana lākou a pau a hiki ke wehe ʻia me nā papahana like ʻole a hiki ke hoʻololi i waena o nā ʻano.
3D templates
Pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i ke kaha kiʻi 3D iā ʻoe iho, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i nā hiʻohiʻona i hana ʻia o nā ʻano mea āpau, mai nā kiʻi mai nā pāʻani wikiō a i ʻole nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i nā mea pono hale, nā mea pāʻani, prosthetics, masks, kelepona. hihia, etc. ʻOiwi Pi, a he nui hou aku. Nui aʻe nā pūnaewele me nā hale waihona puke o kēia mākaukau e hoʻoiho a paʻi ma kāu mīkini paʻi 3D. ʻO kekahi mau pūnaewele i manaʻo ʻia:
- ʻO Thingiverse
- Hale ukana 3D
- PrusaPrinters
- manaʻo ʻoe
- GrabCad
- MyMiniFactory
- Kino
- Komohana
- 3DE hoʻokuʻu aku
- Free3D
- haalulu
- XYZ 3D Hale Pai
- ʻO Cults3D
- hiki ke hooponopono
- 3DaGoGo
- Free3D
- Mahu
- NASA
- Nā Papahana Haʻawina Dremel
- Kapua polar
- stlfinder
- sketchfab
- hum3d
Mai ke kumu hoʻohālike maoli (3D scanning)
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, inā makemake ʻoe e hana hou he clone kūpono a i ʻole kope o kekahi mea 3D ʻē aʻe, e hoohana i ka 3d mīkini ʻimi. He mau mea ia e ʻae iā ʻoe e nānā i ke ʻano o kahi mea, hoʻololi i ke kumu hoʻohālike i kahi faila kikohoʻe a ʻae i ka paʻi ʻana.
Nā noi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi 3D
ʻO ka hope, nā mea paʻi 3D hiki ke hoʻohana no nā noi he nui. ʻO nā hoʻohana kaulana loa i hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia:
ʻenehana prototypes
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohana kaulana loa o nā mea paʻi 3D ma ke kahua ʻoihana no ka prototyping wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, prototyping wikiwiki. A i ʻole e kiʻi i nā ʻāpana no ke kaʻa heihei, e like me ka Formula 1, a i ʻole e hana i nā prototypes o nā ʻenekini a i ʻole nā mīkini paʻakikī.
Ma kēia ala, ʻae ʻia ka ʻenekinia e kiʻi i kahi ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana i kahi hale hana no ka hana ʻana, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻāʻo prototypes e ʻike inā e holo pono ana kahi kumu hoʻohālike hope e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.
hoʻolālā a me ke kūkulu ʻana
kiʻi: © www.StefanoBorghi.com
ʻOiaʻiʻo, a pili pili i nā mea i luna, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kūkulu hale a hana i nā hoʻokolohua mechanical no nā mea kākau, a kūkulu paha i kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe, e hana i nā prototypes o nā hale a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā laʻana a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona, etc.
Eia kekahi, ka puka ʻana o nā mea paʻi paʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua wehe pū i ka puka e hiki ke paʻi i nā hale me ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka mahalo me ke kaiapuni. Ua manaʻo ʻia e lawe i kēia ʻano paʻi i nā hōkūhele ʻē aʻe no nā kolone e hiki mai ana.
Hoʻolālā a me ka hana maʻamau o nā mea nani a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
ʻO kekahi o nā mea ākea loa nā mea nani i paʻi ʻia. ʻO kahi ala e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa a wikiwiki hoʻi, me nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino. Hiki i kekahi mau mea paʻi kiʻi 3D ke paʻi i kekahi mau mea hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā mea pono i loko o nā mea e like me ka nylon a i ʻole ka plastic i nā kala like ʻole, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua o nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoihana hiki ke hoʻohana i nā metala hanohano e like me ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i kekahi mau huahana i paʻi ʻia i kēia manawa, e like me lole, kamaa, lole lole, Etc.
Leʻaleʻa: nā mea i hana ʻia me ka mīkini paʻi 3D
Mai poina leʻaleʻa, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka nui o nā mea paʻi 3D home. Hiki ke ʻano like ʻole kēia mau hoʻohana, mai ka hana ʻana i ke kākoʻo pilikino, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, i ka pena kiʻi kiʻi o kāu mau kiʻi punahele punahele, nā hihia no nā papahana DIY, nā kīʻaha pilikino, etc. ʻO ia hoʻi, no ka hoʻohana waiwai ʻole.
ʻOihana hana
Nui ʻoihana hana Ua hoʻohana mua lākou i nā mea paʻi 3D e hana i kā lākou huahana. ʻAʻole wale ma muli o nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana hoʻohui, akā no kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia i ka paʻakikī o kahi hoʻolālā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia e nā ʻano kuʻuna e like me ka extrusion, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mold, etc. Eia hou, ua ulu kēia mau mea paʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea like ʻole, me ka paʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala.
He mea maʻamau ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana no na kaa, a no ka mokulele, no ka mea e ae ana lakou e loaa kekahi mau apana i mama loa a maikai. ʻO nā mea nui e like me AirBus, Boeing, Ferrari, McLaren, Mercedes, etc., ua loaʻa iā lākou.
Nā mea paʻi 3D i ka lāʻau lapaʻau: niho, prosthetics, bioprinting
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui e hoʻohana i nā mea paʻi 3D ke kahua o ke ola kino. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana no nā kumu he nui:
- E hana pololei i nā prostheses niho, a me nā brackets, etc.
- ʻO ka paʻi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo e like me ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
- ʻO nā ʻano prostheses ʻē aʻe no nā pilikia iwi, kaʻa a me nā ʻiʻo.
- Orthopedic.
- etc.
Paʻi ʻai / meaʻai
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea paʻi 3D no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani ma nā papa, a i ʻole ke paʻi ʻana i nā mea ʻono e like me ke kokoleka ma kekahi ʻano, a no nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe he nui. No laila, ʻo ka ʻoihana meaʻai ke ʻimi nei hoʻi e hoʻohana i nā pono o kēia mau mīkini.
Eia hou, he ala o hoʻomaikaʻi i ka meaʻai i ka meaʻai, e like me ka paʻi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo i hana ʻia mai nā protein recycled a i ʻole kahi i lawe ʻia ai kekahi mau huahana ʻino i loko o ka ʻiʻo maoli. Aia kekahi mau papahana e hana i nā huahana no nā vegans a i ʻole nā meaʻai meaʻai e hoʻohālike i nā huahana ʻiʻo maoli, akā ua hana ʻia mai ka protein meaʻai.
ka hoʻonaʻauao
A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mea paʻi 3D he mea hana e hoʻoheheʻe i nā kikowaena hoʻonaʻauao, ʻoiai lākou he hoa maikaʻi no nā papa. Me lākou, hiki i nā kumu ke hana i nā kumu hoʻohālike i hiki i nā haumāna ke aʻo ma ke ʻano kūpono a naʻauao, a i ʻole nā haumāna ponoʻī e hoʻomohala i ko lākou mākaukau no ka naʻauao a hana i nā ʻano mea āpau.
hou 'ike
- ʻO nā mea paʻi 3D Resin maikaʻi loa
- 3D mīkiniʻimi
- ʻāpana ʻāpana paʻi 3D
- Nā filaments a me ka resin no nā mea paʻi 3D
- Nā Mea Paʻi 3D ʻOihana maikaʻi loa
- ʻO nā mea paʻi 3D maikaʻi loa no ka home
- Nā mīkini paʻi 3D maikaʻi loa
- Pehea e koho ai i ka mīkini paʻi 3D maikaʻi loa
- E pili ana i nā palapala paʻi STL a me 3D
- Nā ʻano o nā mīkini paʻi 3D
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe