Inā ʻoe e aʻo pehea e micro-weld Nā mea uila, a i ʻole no ke kinipōpō, ua hōʻoia ua pono ʻoe he pala i kapa ʻia flx. He malihini piha kēia huahana i nā mea he nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia mea no ka soldering maʻamau me ka tin, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, no kēlā mau mea kūʻai aku ʻē aʻe he kōkua nui.
Ma kēia alakaʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā mea āpau āu e ʻike ai e pili ana i kēia pala, e like me ka haku mele ʻana, kumu, pehea e hoʻopili ai iā ia, nā ʻano, a pēlā aku.
ʻO
He aha ka flx?
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo haole hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka flux ma ke ʻano he flux, a hele mai ka Lūkini «fluxus» ʻo ia hoʻi «kahe». ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ia i ka soldering no ka uila, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻano soldering he nui e like me kahi agena a mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā hana metala i ka ʻoihana metallurgical, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou hana.
'O ka mua fluxes ua hana ʻia me ka lime, potash, sodium carbonate, borax, kēpau sulfate, coke, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana lākou āpau i nā mea hoʻāhu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā metala. Ma kahi o, kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe a i ʻole e kōkua i nā fluxes welding, e hana ana i kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻōmi ʻana, e hoʻomaka ia e hoʻohana ma hope.
Ke kia nei ka welder, ʻo ia ke kumuhana e hoihoi iā mākou ma aneʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu (ʻāpana, wai a ʻūlū paha) i hiki ke pale aku i ka popo i loko o nā hono, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he insulator mai ka pili o ka lewa ʻoiai ke kuʻi. No kēia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻohuihui kemikala e like me fluorides, borates, borax a i ʻole boric acid.
Ma waho aʻe o kēia hopena pale, i nā mea kūʻai aku tin, lawelawe pū ia e hana i ka maʻalahi ke kaʻina, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka metala a me ka hoʻokele ʻana iā ia, ʻoiai ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana i nā mea. A, ʻoiai, hoʻomaikaʻi ia i ka maikaʻi o ke kuʻihao, pale i ka lepo a me nā ʻōpala i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina.
ʻO kahi hopena ʻē aʻe o kēia flux ka makemake i ka nā wili wela o lalo. Hoʻoemi kēia i ka likelika o ka hōʻino i nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia me ka mahana i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana.
Nā noi Flux
Ma ke'ano o ke noi flux, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka nui o ka soldering o nā pono uila e like me:
- Hoʻoponopono ka micro-weld, kahi i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e hoʻomaka ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea.
- SMD soldering ma PCBs.
- Reballing no BGA.
- Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā koena a i nā koena popo.
Nā ʻano o ka flux
He nui ʻano o ka flux i ka mākeke no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, kēlā me kēia me nā kumukūʻai a me nā ʻano.
- ʻO Ammonium bromide me ka ʻole o nā metala kaumaha: he hopena aqueous ia o nā bromides ammonium keu me ka waikawa hydrobromic manuahi. ʻAʻole lākou e waiho i kahi koena o ke koena ma mua, a inā lākou e hana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokumu i nā puka (pitting).
- Zinc chloride: kekahi wai aqueous solution o ka ammonium chloride a me ka zinc chloride i hui pū ʻia me ka waikawa hydrochloric manuahi. Kū i waho no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana a me ka pono, ʻoiai ka wehe ʻana i ke koena e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia e pale i ke kūkulu ʻana o nā lua
- Zinc bromide: kekahi ʻano o ka hopena wai o ka zinc bromide a me ka ammonium bromide me ka waikawa hydrochloric manuahi. E like me ka mea ma mua, maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e hemo i ke koena ma ka holoi ʻana me ka wai. ʻOiai ke koena e waiho i ka solder, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā lua.
- Ka home: ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e paipai ʻia, hoʻokolohua kekahi mau mea hana me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kā lākou iho flux home. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana lākou i kahi pitch liʻiliʻi a lākou e wāwahi ai a kāwili ai me ka waiʻona. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻokō kēia ʻano flux i nā hopena like me nā huahana ʻoihana.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka flx a me ka paste solder
ʻO kekahi o nā kānalua pinepine inā he like ia o ka flx e like me ka paʻi solder a i ʻole aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he paʻakikī ia, a he nui nā manawa e huikau nā huahana ponoʻī i kā lākou wehewehe ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua ma ke ʻano he synonyms. Hoʻokaʻawale kekahi, a ʻōlelo he aia wale nō ʻokoʻa iki:
- kahe ana: mea lāʻau kemika i hoʻopili ʻia i nā metala i mea e wela ai ka lole a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka wili, a i ʻole no ka neoneo ʻana.
- Paki palau: hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana metala paʻakikī loa.
Akā, e like me kaʻu e ʻōlelo nei, no nā kumu hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe iā ia ma ke ʻano synonymous. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kekahi mau wahi i hoʻohana ʻia kahi huaʻōlelo a i kekahi i kekahi. E hōʻoia inā kūʻai ʻoe i ka huahana ʻaʻole ia he flux a paʻi paha no ka plumbing a i ʻole no nā noi ʻē aʻe, a kikoʻī ia no nā uila uila ...
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka flx
Maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka flx, a i ʻole flx, inā ʻoe e hāhai he moʻo o nā ʻanuʻu. I ka hana ʻana pēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka mea maikaʻi loa mai kēia huahana. Eia hou, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā ʻano o ke akahele, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko o ka lumi hoʻoluʻu i loko no ka mea he kemika ia e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā mahu, e komo ana i nā aniani a me kahi pale maka, a me nā mīkina lima.
ka kauoha e hoʻohana i ka flux no ka kuʻihao ʻo:
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kekahi lepo ma kahi o ka wili, inā aia kekahi.
- E noi i kahi pā o ka flux i ka wahi a i ʻole ʻelua paha. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui e hoʻopiha i nā ʻāpana i kahi a ma hea e kuʻihao ana. Eia kekahi, inā wela paha kahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
- Ma hope, hoʻokō ʻia ke kuʻihao e like me ka hana maʻamau, ke kaukaʻi ʻia inā he SMD welding, reballing, a pēlā aku.
- ʻO ka hope, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koena flux.
E pili ana i kēia kuhi hope, aia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka ʻole. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he kānalua wale no nā hobbyist (a i ʻole nā kuʻina lima), he kānalua nō hoʻi ia i ka ʻoihana (welding automated). Manaʻo nui nā mea hana i ka ʻaoʻao ma hope o ka hana ʻana me ka ʻole o nā pono hana nona iho a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka pono o nā mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā hono me ka maʻemaʻe.
Akā, hiki i kēia ʻano hoʻopunipuni palekana ke alakaʻi i ka mālama ʻole i ka hoʻohaumia electrochemical hana ʻia i loko o kekahi mau mea a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai e pau ana kahi holo wā lōʻihi.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei flux kāna kumu kūʻai uea a i ʻole flux, ʻo kēia flux he resin paʻa me kahi pae hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka hao e hoʻopuni iā ia. I kēia mau ʻano wili, ke pili ka piko o ka welder i ka uea, lilo ka flux i wai a pālahalaha ma luna o ka mea hana. I kēia ala, ukali ka mea hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wela a me ka flx, e hana ana i ka paʻa. Hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi, no ka mea pono ia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wela, haʻahaʻa loa nā makaʻu o ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻia.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe kahi i noi ʻia ai ka nui o ka flx ma muli o nā ʻano o ka solder, e like me SMD. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā huahana «ʻAʻohe Maʻemaʻe» nā wai ʻaʻole pono kēlā i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā pono e hōʻike i ka wela e hana ʻole ai iā lākou.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ke hana ʻana i ka soldering nalu piha, hōʻoia ʻia kēlā, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ma nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka soldering point-to-point select or reballing e hoʻohana ai. I kēlā mau hihia, ʻaʻole lawa paha ka wela kūloko i e wāwahi i nā mea hoʻouluulu o ka kemika a hana ʻole ia. A he pilikia kēlā no nā koena ma waho o ka palena weld a i ʻole pālahalaha ma lalo a ma o nā ʻāpana.
Pehea e mālama ai i ka flx
Ke hoʻopau ʻoe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka flx, i mālama pono ʻia ai pono 'oe:
- E waiho i ka flux i loko o kāna ʻōmole kumu a pani pono iā ia.
- Pono e kū i luna ka ipu, e hōʻalo i ka mālama ʻana iā ia i luna i lalo.
- Mālama i kahi anuanu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka haʻalele iā ia i nā wahi maloʻo a i nā mahana wela e pono ke hōʻalo ʻia i nā koina āpau.
- Inā ʻoe i mālama i kahi ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (5-6ºC) e like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi mau mea hana, ma mua o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana e waiho ʻoe ma kahi o 6 mau hola i ka mahana wela e hiki ai i ka mahana optimum no ka hoʻohana.
Nā mea kūpono ʻole a me nā hana hoʻomalu no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka flx
ʻAʻole manuahi nā Fluxes mea pilikia, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou pōmaikaʻi ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kekahi mau kemika i mea e hōʻino ai nā mea. Hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻoulu i kekahi mea keakea i nā mea, i mea insulate.
Hiki iā ia ke hihia o ka pila nā ʻāpana ʻāpiki, e like me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻike, nā ʻaoʻao diode laser, nā ʻano MEMS, nā kuapo, etc. ʻO kekahi pilikia, ʻo ia kekahi mau kemika i loko o nā wai i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, e like me polyethylene glycol, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā waiwai dielectric o nā papa o nā kaʻa i paʻi ʻia.
I ke kaʻapuni pinepine, hiki i nā koena flux ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kekahi mau hihia hiki ke hana i ka electromigration o nā pilina a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kohola e nā koena ionic, ke kūpulu o ka ʻili a lākou a me ka uila uila.
Ma mua o koʻu pāpā ʻana e pili ana i ka pale ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kemika, a ʻo ia nō ka mea i loaʻa i nā meaola kūpona hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e koi ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe he mea hōʻino nō ia, a he hopena ka hopena hoʻi.
ʻLelo hou wau he mea nui ia komo i nā maka aniani, mask a me nā mīkina lima no ka lawelawe ʻana. ʻO ka hana ʻole ʻana pēlā e hiki ai i nā pilikia olakino mai ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana i, no ka laʻana, fume rosin. Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka hānō i nā poʻe maʻalahi.
'Ā maka a ʻili paha hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pilikia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili pono kēia mau fluxes i ka ʻili a hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka wela i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hōʻā ana i ke ahi.
Ma hea e kūʻai ai i ka flx?
ʻO ka mea hope loa, inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai flux, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ia ma ke kumu kūʻai maikaʻi ma nā hale kūʻai uila uila kūikawā. ʻO kēia mau mea kekahi mau manaʻo manaʻo:
- Kahe wai o ka wai JBC
- Non-corrosive Flux Hilitand no PCB, BGA a me SMD.
- Flux-alakaʻi flux i ka syringe format.
- Tin uea no ka solder-free solder me ka rosin core (flux).
- Hoʻopau ka CS Lab no ka reballing o ka syringe.
- Pākuʻi Flux me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole (ʻAʻohe Maʻemaʻe) i ka syringe.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe