SMD kuʻihao: nā mea huna a pau o kēia maʻamau

Ke hana nei me kahi PCB (Papa Pai Kaapuni), pono ʻoe e hana Nā mea uila ʻoluʻolu SMD (ʻImi e piʻi ana i luna)ʻo ia nā ʻāpana mauna ʻili. ʻO kēia mau mea, ma kahi o ka hele ʻana i ka papa a i ʻole soldered i kahi ala kuʻuna maʻamau, e hoʻohana iā SMT (Surface Mount Technology), soldering i nā terminals o kēia mau hāmeʻa i nā pads o luna.

ʻO kēlā ʻenehana ʻokoʻa i ma o nā puka a i ʻole throughole, me nā ʻano papa hana ʻē aʻe o nā papa ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i hana ʻia a ʻaʻohe maʻamau o nā papa he nui e like me nā papa makuahine a me nā papa kaapuni holomua i paʻi ʻia.

He aha ka SMD kuʻihao?

ʻIhana pae mauna, a i ʻole SMT, ʻo ia ka hana hana i makemake nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana o PCB holomua. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻenehana i nā ʻāpana i kau ʻia i luna a i ʻole SMC (Surface-Mounted Component), i wili superficially ʻia i kekahi o nā alo ʻelua o ka PCB, me ka ʻole e hele ma waena o ia. Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua a me ka solder SMD.

ʻAʻole pono lākou e hele i loko o ka papa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou, e ʻae ai e kūkulu i nā kaapuni liʻiliʻi a i ʻole, like nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kēia ʻano ʻO nā PCB he mau multilayer, me nā papa o nā ala kuʻina a ʻelua mau helehelena o waho o nā pine kahi e soldered ai nā mea SMD.

Pehea e hana ai kēia kuʻihao?

E hiki iā ia hana i kēia ʻano hao, pono nā mea hana loea. ʻAʻole e hana ka hao hoʻoheheʻe tin no ʻoe, no ka mea, mānoanoa loa kona piko a lawa ʻole ke kikoʻī no kekahi mau maʻi o kēia mau mea SMD.

No kēlā kumu, no ka SMD soldering pono ʻoe e loaʻa kekahi mea hana kūikawā me ka mea

• Nui ke ahonui.
• Pākuʻi maikaʻi e kau i nā mea ma kahi kūpono.
• Magnifier me ke kukui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻeha e loaʻa kekahi o lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike.
• Kukuna hoʻoheheʻe me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maikaʻi.
• Nā SMwe Soldering Tweezers, he mea kūpono hoʻi no ka soldering ʻana i kekahi mau mea.

No ke kaʻina hana e hui pū me nā hāmeʻa e ka soldering SMD, maʻalahi wale ia hāhai i kēia mau kaʻina maʻalahi:

1. E hōʻiliʻili i nā mea pono āpau a me nā pono hana i kāu wahi hana. Hoʻohui i kāu kahua hoʻoheheʻe a hao hao e lawe iā ia i ka mahana kūpono. E hoʻomanaʻo he pilikia nā wili anuanu, a ʻo ia ka mahana pono ma mua o kou hoʻomaka.
2. Hoʻomaka ka wikiō ma hope me kahi puʻukū i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, a hemo ia a laila solder i kahi hou. Hoʻomaka kēia mau ʻōkuhi mai kahi PCB me ka ʻole o kekahi ʻāpana, me he mea lā ʻo ia ka manawa mua āu e makemake ai e solder i ka mea.
3. Kau i ka kahe i kahi e hana ai ka hao. E kōkua ka flux i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka solder ma o nā mea hoʻopili.
4. E noi i kahi tini i ka piko o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe e hana ai iā ia (inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hana ma mua). I kekahi manawa ua lawa ka tini o ka piko no ka solder e pālahalaha maikaʻi loa ʻia i ke kahe. ʻAʻole pono ia e hoʻonui i ka pi i kekahi mau hihia.
5. I kēia manawa, inā he ʻāpana ia me nā pine he nui, e hoʻomau i ka huki ʻana i ka piko o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe lōʻihi no kēlā me kēia pad.
6. I kēia manawa, me ka ʻāpana i kau pono ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka PCB kahi e hele ai, e hoʻoheheʻe ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi o nā pin e kōkua iā ʻoe me ke kaʻina hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ʻole e neʻe ka nui.
7. Hoʻohui hou i ka flx i nā pine kumuhana, me ka nānā ʻole i ka smudging ma ʻō aku o nā pin. A laila hoʻopaʻa me ka pi i ka papa, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i kahi malihini hou, e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai. Kauo wale i ka piko wela i ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao.
8. Inā he IC me nā pine kokoke loa (ma ka laulā, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kauō ma hope ʻaʻole pono ia e hiki, akā inā kū ...), malia paha pōkole ke kaʻina o kekahi mau pin. Inā kū kēlā, e hoʻohana i ka remover solder e hoʻoneʻe i ka tin ʻoi loa e hoʻopuka nei i ka pilikia a hana hou i ke kaʻina soldering no kēlā me kēia pine kūʻokoʻa a hiki i ka kaʻawale ʻana o kekahi me kekahi ...

ʻO ia kekahi o nā wili paʻakikī loa, a pono i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui a me ke akamai. No nā kikoʻī hou aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāhai i nā kaupae i kēia wikiō:

He aha nā mea e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa me kēia ʻano?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke wili i kahi lehulehu o Nā mea uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana soldering SMD / SMT. Ma waena o nā ʻāpana i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā PCB i kēia ʻano:

• Nā ʻāpana passive: Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau mea SMD passive a me nā ʻano pūʻulu he nui. ʻO lākou nā resistors liʻiliʻi a me nā capacitor.
• ʻĀpana hana: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā pūʻulu ʻokoʻa loa, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kā lākou mau pine i nā pads o ka PCB. Ma waena o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia nā transistors a me nā diode. ʻAʻole hiki ke kau i nā transistors i ke ala kūpono ʻole, ʻoiai he ʻekolu mau wahi ma kahi o ʻelua, e like me ka mea o nā mea ma mua, hoʻokahi wale nō ala e waiho ai iā lākou i nā māka o kāu PCB.
• IC a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia: nā pāka me ka lehulehu o nā pūʻolo hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi. ʻO kēia nā ICs maʻalahi, me nā pin he 6-16, ʻoiai aia paha kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī me nā haneli haneli i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka PCB.

ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia e SMD soldering, ʻo kēia ʻano solder kāna nā pōmaikaʻi:

• ʻAe iā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a mālama i kahi ma ka PCB a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā mea e hana i nā kaapuni paʻakikī.
• I ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lōʻihi o nā ala, hoʻomaikaʻi ia i ka lawena o nā inductance parasite a me nā mea pale.
• Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kēia kuʻina i ka ʻenehana hou.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi lehulehu o nā waikawa, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea holoi me lākou.
• ʻO ka hopena he kaapuni māmā loa ia, e kūpono ana i nā noi kahi koʻikoʻi ke koʻikoʻi, e like me nā mea kaua o ka pūʻali koa, mokulele, a pēlā aku.
• ʻOiai he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, hoʻopau ia i ka ikehu, a hoʻokuʻu i ka wela.

E like me ka pinepine, loaʻa iā SMD soldering kāna nā meaʻino:

• ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma laila e liʻiliʻi ka hakahaka e paʻi i nā code a i ʻole nā ​​lepili ʻili e ʻike ai i nā mea.
• ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka wili ma mua o nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻololi hou ai i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea pono i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka automation a me nā pono hana kūikawā.