Muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura takambotaura pamusoro pe Pcb (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board)kana Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwaNekudaro, pano tinokuratidza nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvaunogona kutenga kuti utange kushanda nemaseketi aya, pamwe neiyo Zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa pamusoro pegomo, nezvimwewo.
Zvishongedze nezvose zvaunoda uye tanga kugadzira mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi, pasina kushandisa mabhodhi echingwa, kana chero zvakadaro...
Chii chinonzi PCB?
Un Pcb (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board), kana kudhindwa bhodhi redunhu, iplati yakatsetseka inoshandiswa mumagetsi kuti ipe mechanical uye magetsi hwaro hwekubatanidza uye kusangana kwemagetsi ezvikamu. Izvo zvakakosha sehwaro hwekubatanidza uye kubata zvinhu zvakaita seresistors, transistors, capacitors, diode, microchips uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
PCB inoumbwa ne:
- Substratum: Kazhinji itete, rakati sandara rezvinhu zvinodzivirira, senge fiberglass kana epoxy resin, nezvimwe. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tsigiro yezvimiro zvezvikamu uye nemagetsi insulates conductive tracks.
- Conductive tracks-Aya maitiro esimbi, kazhinji mhangura, anodhindwa kana akaiswa pamusoro pePCB substrate. Aya makwara anobvumira kufambiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi pakati pezvikamu zvakabatana.
- Makomba esimbi- Metallized maburi maburi akaboorwa musubstrate akaputirwa nemhangura, achibvumira kubatana kwemagetsi pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvePCB kana pakati pezvikamu pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvebhodhi.
- Surface Mount Zvikamu- Isu tinoreva zvinhu zvemagetsi, senge resistors, capacitors, transistors, machipisi uye mamwe maturusi, akaiswa pamusoro pePCB uye akabatanidzwa kune conductive tracks kuti aumbe magetsi emagetsi nekutengesa.
- Welding mask uye screen kudhinda: Icho chifukidziro chinoshandiswa paPCB kudzivirira solder kubva kunze kwenzvimbo dzinodiwa panguva yekugadzira. Kudhinda sikirini kunoshandiswa kunyora zvikamu uye mateki paPCB nezviziviso zvinoonekwa.
PCBs inogona kuva chiso chimwe chete (ine conductive tracks kune rimwe divi), mativi maviri (ine conductive tracks kumativi ese maviri) kana multilayer (iine akawanda akaturikidzana emateyi e conductive akapatsanurwa ne dielectric substrates), iyo yekupedzisira ichive yakanyanya kuomarara, sezvazvakaita emakombuta mamaboards ...
Iyo PCB inogadzirwa sei
La kugadzirwa kwePCB dzakaoma zvatinoona pamidziyo yakaita semakomputa, Smart TVs, nharembozha, nezvimwewo, zvakaoma. Iyo ine nhevedzano yenhanho dzandichanyora pano, asi zvinofanirwa zvakare kutaurwa kuti kugadzira PCB iri nyore kuri nyore, uye inogona kuitwa kumba nezvigadzirwa zvatinokupa mune ino chinyorwa.
ari nhanho anoshandiswa kugadzira PCB ndeaya:
- Chigadzirwa
- PCB dhizaini uchishandisa chaiyo dhizaini software, senge EDA nharaunda.
- Export yedhizaini muGerber fomati.
- Dhizaini verification, simulation yekutarisa kushanda kwayo.
- Kutumira faira nePCB marongerwo kufekitari.
- Kubva pakurongeka faira kuenda kufirimu kana mask
- Kugadzira mafirimu ePCB kana masiki kubva kumafaira ekugadzira.
- Kushandisa plotter kudhinda mafirimu epamusoro-soro.
- Mafirimu anogadzirwa uye anochengetwa kuti azoshandiswa gare gare mukugadzira maitiro.
- Kudhindwa kwezvikamu zvemukati
- Kudhinda dhizaini yePCB pamapepa emhangura uchishandisa photoresin kuendesa dhizaini.
- Kuratidzwa kune ultraviolet mwenje kuomesa iyo photoresist zvinhu kuita pateni yemasiki kana mafirimu.
- Kuchenesa uye kusimbiswa kwePCB.
- Kubvisa mhangura isingadiwe (etching)
- Kemikari kubviswa kwemhangura isingadiwi kuburikidza neasidhi yekugezera maitiro. Iyo photoresin ichadzivirira zvikamu zvausingadi kubvisa kubva mumhangura.
- Kugeza PCB kubvisa asidhi uye kurega etching.
- Layer alignment uye optical inspection
- Kurongeka kwezvikamu zvese uchishandisa maburi ekunyoresa.
- Otomatiki optical ongororo yekuona zvikanganiso.
- Union of layers
- Kurongeka uye kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu uchishandisa prepregs (prepreg).
- Kudzvinyirirwa uye kupisa maitiro kuti ubatanidze maseru.
- Kudhonza
- Kuchera makomba chaiwo mundiro nemuchina wekuchera wakanyanya CNC.
- Kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchera uchishandisa X-rays.
- Copper plating uye dhipoziti
- Kemikari kuiswa kwechidimbu chemhangura pandiro.
- Mhangura inoiswa mumakomba akacherwa kuti abatanidze maseru pamwe chete.
- Mufananidzo wezvikamu zvekunze
- Kushandiswa kwe photoresist pazvikamu zvekunze uchishandisa mask inoenderana.
- Kuratidzira kune ultraviolet mwenje uye kubviswa kwezvinhu zvisina kuomeswa.
- Kupera
- Copper electroplating panzvimbo dzakafumurwa dzekunze kwezvikamu.
- Final etching kana yekupedzisira engraving
- Kubviswa kwemhangura isingadiwi uchishandisa mushonga wemakemikari.
- Tini inodzivirira mhangura inodiwa panguva iyi.
- Solder Mask Application
- Kushandiswa kwe epoxy solder mask pamativi ese ebhodhi.
- Kurapa mask muchoto.
- Surface finish
- Electroplated negoridhe kana sirivheri kuvandudza solderability, uye mamwe maPCB anotogamuchira mapedhi ekutengesa.
- Serigraphy
- Kudhinda ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pePCB uchishandisa laser kana kumwe kudhinda.
- Kuedza kana kuedza
- Otomatiki kuyedzwa kwePCB mashandiro uye dhizaini kutevedzera.
Aya matanho akakosha mukugadzira PCB uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi ekushandisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi.
Izvo zvakanakisa zvigadzirwa zvekushanda nePCBs
Zvawava kuziva kuti PCB chii, ngatitarisei zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvaunogona kutenga tanga kugadzira nekuzvigadzira kumba:
Laminated PCB
Mumusika iwe unogona kuwana Laminated PCBs nemhangura yemhangura kune rumwe rutivi kana maviri, saka unogona kunyora dunhu raunoda pairi.
PCB rutsigiro
Chimwe chigadzirwa chinonakidza ndeichi PCB rutsigiro izvo zvinokubatsira kubata bhodhi paunenge uchiita mabasa senge soldering nezvimwe.
PCB Drill Bits
Kuboora maburi paPCB yekuisa zvimwe zvikamu, unogona kushandisa izvi special drill bits zvechibhorani chako kana che CNC muchina.
Inodzivirira varnish yemasekete akadhindwa
Chimwe chigadzirwa chinokurudzirwa ndeichi varnish iyo yaunogona kuisa muchimiro chepfapfaidzo kana wapedza PCB. Izvi zvichadzivirira pamusoro.
Perforated mahwendefa
Zvakare zvinobatsira zvakanyanya mahwendefa ane perforated. Nadzo, kana iwe usingade kuisa laminate board, unogona kutanga kutengesa mapurojekiti ako edunhu kana kudzidzira soldering.
Solder inki (mask)
Inoshandiswa kushandisa se solder mask, kuchengetedza pamusoro pePCB, sezvandakatsanangura mukugadzira. Unogona kuishandisa zviri nyore uye wozoisa pachena kune UV mwenje kuti iome.
UV kuporesa mwenje
Unogonawo kutenga a UV chiedza chekuporesa mwenje. Aya marambi anoshandiswa kuomesa inki kana solder mask, semuenzaniso, kana kugadzira.
Flux kana kubuda
Takatotaura kuti chii kubuda kana kubuda pane imwe nguva, saka ndinofunga haidi sumo ...
photosensitive film
Nekunyora iwe uchada rudzi urwu rwe photosensitive mafirimu ku, uchishandisa mask, ratidza nzvimbo dzaunoda kubvisa ...
Acids yekucheka
Kuti ubvise mhangura yakafumurwa kubva kune laminated PCB, iwe uchada mashoma sodium persulfate kana ferric chloride asidhi yekugezera sezvizvi. Zvechokwadi, yeuka kutora matanho anodiwa paunenge uchishanda nemakemikari aya.
Uye usakanganwa kushandisa zvakare distilled uye deionized mvura yekusuka, kubvisa asidhi kubva kuPCB nekunyudza ndiro mukugeza kwemvura iyi mushure mekucheka...
Thermal tepi
Chimwe chigadzirwa chinogona kukubatsira ndeiyi mipumburu ye tepi inopisa, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza zvimwe zvikamu zvedunhu. Inogona kushandiswa zvese kuvhara zvimwe zvinhu kana kudzivirira kubva kune zvinopisa uye kuishandisa panguva yekupisa kudzivirira zvimwe zvikamu kubva pakupisa kunogadzirwa mukuita ...
Ndiro yekunyora
Pamwe unodawo mahwendefa aya Nyura iyo PCB muasidhi panguva yekucheka, uye imwe yeiyi yekushandisa distilled mvura kugeza iyo PCB kana etching yaitwa.
Acid resistant tweezers
Uye, pakupedzisira, tinokurudzirawo zvimwe tweezers kukwanisa kubvisa PCB kubva muasidhi pasina kushandisa zvigunwe zvako, sezvo zvingasanganisira njodzi ...