Arduino UNO: kuongororwa kweplate hardware libre zvakakwana

Arduino I2C bhazi

Sezvo yakatangwa pamusika ndiro Arduino UNO, zvakawanda zvakachinja bhodhi iri nekubuda kwaro kwazvino kudzokororwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vagadziri vayo vamwe vakamhanyira kugadzira mamwe mahwendefa akasiyana mumafomati akasiyana kuti vafukidze zvimwe zvinodikanwa pane izvo zvakambovharwa neUNO. Kunyangwe vamwe vazhinji vakashinga kugadzira yavo yecone kana inoenderana mabhodhi, kunyangwe zvisiri nekubudirira kumwe chete.

Asati aonekwa Arduino kare paive nemamwe mapurojekiti akafanana, seyakakurumbira Parallax mabhodhi ane Microchip PIC microcontrollers ayo anogona kurongwa zviri nyore kushandisa mitauro yakaita sePBASIC pakati pevamwe. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiyo Basic Stamp 2 kubva kuParallax. Asi chokwadi chekusavepo hardware libre Zvaireva kuti ivo vaive vasina midzi yakafanana mumusika sechirongwa cheArduino. Iyo ndiro yeItaly yave iri shanduko mupfungwa iyi.

Chii Arduino UNO Rev3?

Arduino logo

Arduino UNO Rev3 ndiyo yazvino kudzokorora iyo iripo panguva yeplate iyi. Iyo diki yemagetsi bhodhi ine programmable microcontroller pane yayo PCB. Pamusoro pechakati chip, inosanganisirawo akateedzana emapini sekushandisa uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswa nekugadzirisa chip yacho kuti iite zvinhu zvakasiyana. Nenzira iyi, mapurojekiti emagetsi anogona kugadzirwa zviri nyore kwazvo.

Ndiro iyi inomuka kubva ku arduino chirongwa, chirongwa cheItaly chakatanga muna 2005 chakanangana nekugadzira software yakavhurika uye Hardware yevadzidzi kunyanya. Iwo ekutanga magadzirirwo aiitirwa chikoro muIvrea, muItari. Panguva iyoyo vadzidzi vepamuzinda wekudzidzisa vakashandisa akakurumbira Masitampu eBASIC andatove ataura pamusoro. Aya aive nemutengo wakakura, uye anga asiri iwo akavhurwa.

Pamberi pazvo zvese, Hernando Barragán akagadzira chikuva chekuvandudza chinonzi Wiring, chirongwa chakafemerwa nevakakurumbira Kugadzira mutauro wemapurogiramu. Neichi sehwaro, vakaenda kunoshanda kugadzira maturusi akadhura uye akapusa maturusi evadzidzi. Saka ivo vakatanga nezvekugadzira Hardware bhodhi ine pcb uye yakapusa microcontroller, pamwe nekugadzira iyo IDE (Yakabatanidzwa Yekuvandudza Nzvimbo).

Sezvo Wiring yatove kushandisa bhodhi ine ATmega168 microcontroller, zvinotevera zviitiko zvakateedzerwa munzira imwechete. Massimo Banzi naDavid Mellis vaizowedzera tsigira ATmega8 yeWiring, iyo yaitodhura pane vhezheni 168. Uye saka iyo yekutanga nyonganiso yezvazviri nhasi inomuka Arduino UNO. Iyo Wiring chirongwa chinozotumidzwazve kuti Arduino.

Zita reprojekti rakakurumbira rakatangira mubhawa muIvrea, uko vakasangana veprojekti vakasangana. Bhawa iri raidaidzwa kunzi Bar di Re Arduino, iro rakazotumidzwa zita raArduino kubva kuIvrea, mambo weItari kusvika 1014.

Zvichipa kugona kweaya mahwendefa, rumwe rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa kubva munharaunda kuti ifambire mberi nekugadzira mamwe mahwendefa. Uye zvakare, vanopa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye vagadziri vakatanga kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakati inowirirana naArduino. Sezvazviri neAdafruit Maindasitiri. Kubva pano pakamuka nhovo dzakawanda uye mamwe ma module emahwendefa aya.

Takatarisana nekubudirira kwakanyanya, yakagadzirwawo iyo Arduino Foundation, Kuti urambe uchisimudzira nekuisa mubatanidzwa kuedza kweArduino chirongwa. Muenzaniso wakafanana newemamwe masangano akafanana neLinux Foundation, Raspberry Pi Foundation, RISC-V Foundation, nezvimwe.

Kubva pane ino poindi, akawanda maArduino akasiyana akaunzwa, aine akasiyana mafomu maficha uye akasiyana microcontroller, pamwe ne zvishongedzo zvakawanda izvo zvatakakurukura mune ino blog:

Ruzivo rwakadzama rwe Arduino UNO

Uyu ndiro Arduino UNO Iine mamwe maitiro anoita kuti ive yakasarudzika, uye ine akateedzana misiyano zvine chekuita nemamwe maArduino mabhodhi atinoenda kuratidza.

Unyanzvi hunhu, chirongwa uye pinout

Arduino Pin Out

El pinout uye technical maitiro ebhodhi Arduino UNO Zvak Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive mashandisiro azvinoita nemazvo, zvikasadaro hauzoziva miganhu uye nzira kwayo yekubatanidza zvese zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa kune avo aripo mapini nemabhazi.

Kutanga kutanga na MACARACTERISTICS ake, une here:

  • Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller pa16 Mhz
  • Inboard SRAM ndangariro: 2KB
  • Yakabatanidzwa EEPROM ndangariro: 1 KB
  • Flash ndangariro: 32 KB, iyo 0.5 KB inoshandiswa ne bootloader, saka haigone kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa.
  • Chip inoshanda voltage: 5v
  • Yakakurudzirwa magetsi emagetsi: 7-12v (kunyangwe ichitsigira 6 kusvika 20v)
  • Kuenderera mberi kwazvino kusimba: 40mA yeI / O uye 50mA yeiyo 3.3V pini.
  • I / O mapini: gumi nembiri, ayo matanhatu ari PWM.
  • Analog pini: 6 Pin
  • Dzorerazve bhatani kuti utangezve kuitiswa kwechirongwa chakatakurwa mundangariro.
  • USB inowanikwa chip.
  • Oscillator wachi yezviratidzo zvinoda mutinhimira.
  • Simba re LED paPCB.
  • Yakabatanidzwa voltage voltage.
  • Mutengo wakakomberedza € 20.

Kana ari mapini uye kubatana inowanika mundiro Arduino UNO:

  • Bharaki Jack kana DC Simba Jack: ndiyo bhodhi yekubatanidza Arduino UNO kukwanisa kuigonesa nemagetsi. Iyo kadhi inogona kupihwa simba neyakafanira jack uye neadapter kuti ipe 5-20 volts. Kana iwe uchizobatanidza nhamba hombe yezvinhu kune iyo ndiro, zvingangoita kuti uchafanirwa kukunda iyo 7v chipingamupinyi kuti ive yakakwana.
  • USB: chiteshi cheUSB chinoshandiswa kubatanidza iyo Arduino bhodhi kuPC, nenzira iyo iwe unogona kuigadzira kana kugamuchira dhata kubva pairi kuburikidza ne serial port. Ndokunge, zvichinyatso kukubatsira iwe kurodha ako Arduino IDE sketches mune yemukati ndangariro ye microcontroller kuitira kuti igone kuitisa. Iyo inogona zvakare kuzadzikisa iro basa basa kune hob uye zvinhu zvakabatana nazvo.
  • Pin yeVIN: iwe zvakare uchawana iyo VIN pini iyo inokutendera iwe kuti usimbise bhodhi Arduino UNO uchishandisa magetsi ekunze, kana iwe usiri kuda kushandisa iyo USB kana iri pamusoro Jack.
  • 5V: inopa voltage ye5V. Simba rinozosvika pariri rinobva kune imwe yematatu makesi apfuura maunga gonesa ndiro yako.
  • 3V3: iyi pini inokutendera iwe kuendesa 3.3v kusvika ku50mA kune ako mapurojekiti.
  • GND: ine mapini maviri epasi, yekubatanidza pasi yemapurojekiti ako emagetsi kwavari.
  • itangezve: pini yekumisikidza nekutumira ZVIZVI chiratidzo kuburikidza nayo.
  • Serial chiteshi: Iyo ine mapini maviri 0 (RX) uye 1 (TX) yekugamuchira nekufambisa TTL serial data zvichiteerana. Iwo akabatana neiyo microcontroller pane yavo USB-to-TTL pini.
  • Kukanganisa kwekunze: 2 na3, mapini anogona kugadzirirwa kuti akonzere kukanganisa nekukwira, kudonha kumucheto, kana yakakwira kana yakaderera kukosha.
  • SPI: bhazi riri pamapini akanyorwa 10 (SS), 11 (MISOI), uye 13 (SCK) yaunogona kutaura nawo uchishandisa raibhurari yeSSPI.
  • A0-A5: ndiwo mapini eanalogog.
  • 0-13: aya ndiwo madhijitari ekuisa kana ekuburitsa pini iwe aunogona kumisikidza. Kamwe kadiki KUSANGANISIRA LED kwakabatana nepini 13 kuti kana pini iyi iri pamusoro ichavheneka.
  • TWI: inotsigirakukurukurirana TWI uchishandisa raibhurari yeWire. Unogona kushandisa pini A4 kana SDA uye pini A5 kana SCL.
  • AREF: chirevo chemagetsi pint yezvipimo zveanalogog.

Datasheets

Kuve yakavhurika sosi bhodhi, kwete chete iwe unowana iyo datasheet sezvazvakaita mune zvimwe zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Iwe unogona zvakare kurodha pasi mamwe magwaro uye madhijitari emagetsi anozokubatsira kuti unzwisise mashandiro ebhodi iri. Arduino UNO mukati uye kunyange kuvaka yako Arduino kuitisa pachako. Semuenzaniso, une zvaunazvo ruzivo rwepamutemo runotevera:

Misiyano nemamwe mabhodhi eArduino

Arduino mabhodhi

Arduino UNO Zvak ndiro ndiro yakanaka kune avo vese vanotanga kushandisa iyi mhando yemaplate. Chii chimwe, kune ekutanga kits kuti utange nezvose zvaunoda zvinosanganisirwa. Iyi kit haingobatanidze chete huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvemagetsi kutanga kudzidzira, asiwo bhuku rakadzama kwazvo rekukubatsira iwe mune yega nhanho.

Nekudaro, zviripo mamwe mavhezheni kana mafomati eArduino bhodhi izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira kune mamwe epamberi ekushandisa kana kuita chirongwa icho panokosha saizi. Iyo misiyano mikuru pakati pemahwendefa Ivo vari kunyanya mumhando yeakabatanidzwa microcontroller, mamwe aine simba rakatowanda uye aine ndangariro yakawanda kusanganisira akawanda akavezwa emifananidzo kana zvirongwa, uye huwandu hwemapini anowanikwa. Asi kana isu tichienzanisa matatu ari kutengesa-mabhodhi, misiyano ndeiyi inotevera:

  • Arduino UNO Zvak: ona chikamu nehunyanzvi hunhu.
  • arduino mega: mutengo unokwira pamusoro pe € 30, nemipimo yakati kurei kupfuura ndiro yeUNO. Uye zvakare, inosanganisira yakasimba zvikuru ATmega2560 microcontroller iyo inoshandawo pa16Mhz, asi ine 256KB ye flash memory, 4KB yeEEPROM, uye 8KB yeSRAM yezvirongwa zvakaomarara. Uye zvakare, zvakare ine mapini akawanda, ane makumi mashanu nemashanu edhi I / O, 54 PWM, uye 15 analog.
  • ArduinoMicro: inomiririra saizi yayo diki, iri diki pane iyo UNO, kunyangwe iri yemutengo wakafanana. Munzvimbo diki iyi, inosanganisa diki ATmega32U4 microcontroller, asi iyo inoshandawo pa16Mhz. Ndangariro dzakaenzana neiyo UNO, kunze kweiyo SRAM, iyo ine 0.5KB yakawanda. Iwo mapini akawedzerwawo kunyangwe hazvo saizi diki, iine makumi maviri edigital, 20 PWM uye 7 analog. Mumwe mutsauko ndewekuti inoshandisa micro-USB yekubatana kwayo panzvimbo pe USB. Kuve kudiki kwazvo hakuenderane nenhoo kana nhovo senge maviri apfuura ...

Arduino IDE uye zvirongwa

Screenshot yaArduino IDE

Kuronga Arduino, mune chero shanduro dzayo, iwe unowanikwa iyo IDE kana yekuvandudza nharaunda inonzi Arduino IDE. Inoenderana neese macOS, Windows uye Linux. Iyo yemahara uye yakavhurwa sosi sosi iwe yaunogona kurodha pasi kubva pane iyi link. Nayo unogona kugadzira makodhi ekuronga iyo microcontroller chip pabhodhi uye nekudaro ita kuti mapurojekiti ako ashande.

Iyo chikuva inotsigirwa neArduino chirongwa chemutauro icho chinovakirwa padanho repamusoro-mitauro mitauro kugadzira, iyo yakafanana yakafanana neinozivikanwa C ++. Ndokusaka ivo vaizove nes syntax yakafanana uye nzira yekuita.

Iwe unogona kuziva zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro ekushandisa Arduino IDE nezvinyorwa zviri paiyi blog zvinotsanangura maitiro ekubatanidza chimwe nechimwe chinhu chemagetsi kana module pamwe nebhodhi, kana kurodha pasi zvakananga kosi yekuronga Arduino IDE muPDF zvemahara. Nayo iwe unodzidza syntax uye mutauro wechirongwa kutanga nemapurojekiti ako ...


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