Kubva makomputa paakatanga kushandiswa muindasitiri, chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga chavakatanga kushandiswa kwaive mu CAD dhizaini yezvikamu. Makomputa anogona kugadzira dhizaini inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura kushandisa nzira dzakajairika dzenguva yacho, pamwe nekutendera kuchinjisa dhizaini nekukurumidza, nyore kugadzira makopi edhizaini, nezvimwe.
Panguva ino, zvishandiso CAD yakashanduka yakawanda. Parizvino software inowanikwa yakawanda kwazvo uye inobvumidza kuita zvakati wandei kupfuura echinyakare maCAD zvirongwa. Uye nekusvika kwe 3D kudhinda, aya mapurogiramu ave kunyanya kushanda muindasitiri nekuvakwa.
Chii chinonzi CAD?
CAD ndicho chidimbu cheComputer-Aided Designing, ndiko kuti, dhizaini-yakabatsirwa dhizaini. Rudzi rwe software inokwanisa kugadzira akawanda mapurojekiti uye ayo anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri, kubva pakurongedza dhizaini, kune dhizaini, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwema mechanical zvikamu, injini, zvimiro zvemarudzi ese, mota, maseketi, nezvimwe. .
Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira mavara uye kuishandisa mumavhidhiyo mafirimu, simulation, nezvimwe. Iyo Software CAD yanhasi yauya nenzira yakareba, ichibvumira kunyorera kuve kwakanyanya kuwanda. Muchokwadi, zvirongwa zvatanga kubvumidza 2D, 3D dhizaini, kushandiswa kwemavara, zvigadzirwa, zvimiro zvekuverenga, mwenje, kufamba, nezvimwe.
Asi kusvika pano, zvakawanda zvachinja kubva pakutanga. Uye kuti uone iyo mavambo iwe unofanirwa kudzokera kwairi iwo makumi mashanu, apo zvimwe zvirongwa zvemifananidzo zvakatanga kushandiswa paMIT kugadzirisa data rakawanikwa nehurongwa hweRadar yeNorth American Air Force. Nenzira iyo yaigona kuratidza izvo zvakaonekwa neradar pane CRT yekutarisa.
Mune iwo marabhu akafanana, Lincoln Laborator, nheyo dzekomputa mifananidzo yatinoziva nhasi yaizotanga kuiswa. Izvi zvaizoitika muma60s, zvichikubvumidza iwe kushandisa keyboard uye chinyoreso kudhirowa mifananidzo pachiratidziri. Nenzira inenge yakafanana, mamwe mapurojekiti akafanana akagadzirwa mumakambani akadai seGeneral Motors, senge ITEK chirongwa, PDP-1 komputa ine vector skrini ine hard disk Refresh memory, ine piritsi nepeni yemagetsi yekuisa data .
Zvishoma nezvishoma masisitimu aive achivandudza, kuuya kuma bds (Kuvaka Dudziro Sisitimu naCharles Eastman, purofesa paCarnegie Mellon University. Raingova raibhurari kana hwaro hune zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvinogona kusunganidzwa kugadzira zvivakwa zvakaomarara.
Sisitimu yakanangana neITEK yakatanga kushambadzirwa mu1965, ichive yekutanga system Zvekutengesa CAD Yakatora madhora zviuru mazana mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica panguva iyoyo. Makore mashoma gare gare, maaerospace uye makambani emotokari senge General Motors, Chrysler, Ford, nezvimwewo, vakatanga kushandisa masisitimu ekutanga eCAD kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvavo.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga system yaizosvika CAD / CAM (Computer-Inobatsira Kugadzira), ndiko kuti, iyo CAD system inosanganiswa neyakagadzirwa system kugadzira zvikamu zvakagadzirwa muCAD. Inogona kushandiswa nenzira yekupayona naLokheed, kambani iri muchikamu chemuchadenga.
MaCAD masystem kubva kunopera ma70 anodonha mutengo kusvika kumadhora zana nemakumi matatu, asi achiri kudhura. Izvo zvaisazove kusvika kuma130.000s apo yakachipa CAD software yakatanga kuitiswa, zvinowirirana nekutanga kwe AutoCAD (Autodesk) muna 1982. Kambani yaJohn Walker yanga ichitonga indasitiri kubva ipapo, ichipa software isingasviki $ 1000 XNUMX uye ichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya uye ishandiswe.
Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, masisitimu eCAD akatanga kukunda mamwe mapuratifomu (pamusoro peSun Microsystems nzvimbo dzekushandira, Dhijitari Zvishandiso, nezvimwewo) zvemakomputa asingadhuri, kusvika Microsoft Windows uye PC. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, urwu rudzi rwe software rwaramba ruchichinja uye kudzikisa mitengo yaro, kunyangwe neakawanda emahara uye emahara mapurojekiti anoonekwa ...
Akanakisa mapurogiramu eCAD
Kana iwe uchinetseka nezve CAD dhizaini software izvo zvaunogona kushandisa nhasi, pano une sarudzo yakanaka yavo. Uye kunyangwe paine akakosha uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri senge Autodesk AutoCAD, nekuti ibhurogi re hardware libre, isu tichatarisawo kune yemahara software:
FreeCAD
Iyo ndeimwe yesarudzo dzakanakisa dzeAutoCAD, mukuwedzera kune yemahara uye yemahara software, ndeimwe yemapurogiramu ehunyanzvi aripo izvozvi. FreeCAD inopa yakakura mushandisi ruzivo, neakawanda maturusi anowanikwa uye zvechokwadi hunyanzvi mhedzisiro, zvese mu2D uye 3D.
Inotsigirawo MCAD, CAx, CAE, uye PLM-based modelling. Opencascade, ndiko kuti, yakasimba kwazvo geometry kernel yakagadzirwa muPython. Uye zvakare, iri muchinjika-chikuva, inoshanda zvese paWindows, macOS uye GNU / Linux.
FreeCAD
FreeCAD Iyo imwe yeakanakisa dzimwe nzira dzeAutoCAD dziripo. Iyo zvakare yakavhurwa sosi uye yemahara, senge yapfuura iyo. Iyo ine yakakura nharaunda inovandudza iyo iri kushanda chaizvo, uye inoshandawo kune Windows, GNU / Linux uye macOS masisitimu.
Iyo yakavakirwa pane iyo 2D dhizaini (mune DXF uye CXF mafomati), uye inomuka seprojekti yakatorwa (forogo) kubva kune chimwe chirongwa chemahara chinonzi QCAD. Rakawanda basa rakaiswa mariri kuti riite nyore uye shanda pamakomputa ekare kana zviine zviwanikwa zvishoma, uye inobvumidza kuchinjika nekukurumidza kana uchibva kuAutoCAD, sezvo chimiro chayo chakafanana.
DraftSight
DraftSight chishandiso chehunyanzvi chinomuka kutsiva AutoCAD mune dhizaini ye2D, ine vhezheni yakabhadharwa yekushandisa kwehunyanzvi nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa pamusoro peiyo yemahara vhezheni. Uye zvakare, iri muchinjika-chikuva cheGNU / Linux, Windows uye macOS.
Iyo yemahara vhezheni inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire, kuvhura, kugadzirisa uye kusevha mafaera mune echinyakare Autocad DXF uye DWG mafomati, pamwe nekutumira kunze mapurojekiti kune vamwe mafomu seWMF, JPEG, PDF, PNG, SLD, SVG, TIF, uye STL. Naizvozvo, ine kuwirirana kukuru kana ukabata mafaira kubva kune mamwe mapurogiramu ...
3D kudhinda software
Zvino, kana iwe uchinetseka kuti ndeapi mapurogiramu anoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu uyezve vapurinda pa 3D printer, ipapo unofanirwa kuve nemamwe mapurogiramu aunogona kushandisa pane izvo. Ini ndanga ndatotaura chimwe chazvo muchikamu chakapfuura, sezvo iri FreeCAD. Kunze kweizvozvo, iwe zvakare une mamwe emahara kana akavhurwa sosi sosi senge:
- Dhizaini Spark Mechanical- ndeye yemahara CAD software yakagadzirwa neRS Zvikamu uye SpaceClaim Corporation. Iyi purojekiti yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi uye kweiyo 3D dhizaini. Uye zvakare, zviri nyore kwazvo kushandisa, ine inonakidza graphical interface inokodzera vashoma-vepakati nhanho vashandisi. download.
- Sketch kumusoro- Iyo ine yakapfava chirongwa chemahara chiri kuwana mukurumbira nekuti inobvumidza kukasira nekukurumidza uye ine zviitwa zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwemapurani. Yayo interface iri webhu-yakavakirwa, saka inogona kushandiswa kubva kwakasiyana masisitimu, ichibvumira kutumira kune STL kune 3D maprinta. Access.
- TinkerCAD: Iyo zvakare ine yemahara webhu app kudhirowa zvidiki zvidiki zvidimbu mu3D. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune zvedzidzo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, kuve nekugona kushandiswa nema primitives, senge machubhu, mabhora, masilinda, nezvimwewo, kuti ugone kubatanidza, kutenderera nekumisa ivo kuti vagadzire maumbirwo akaomarara. Ehe unogona kutumira mamodheru ku STL ye 3D kudhinda. Access.