Paunenge uchidzidza mutauro mutsva wekuronga, senge the arduino, unogona kugara uchiona kuti pane zvakasiyana mhando dzedata kuzivisa zvinochinjika uye zvisingachinjiki zvinogona kubatwa panguva yechirongwa. Aya marudzi e data anosiyana pakureba uye nemhando zvichienderana nemutauro kana chikuva (architecture) yauri kuronga, kunyangwe muzviitiko zvakawanda zvakafanana.
Mune izvi Tutorial Iwe unozogona kudzidza kuti rudzi urwu rwe data chii, vangani varipo, nei vachisiyana, nezvimwe. Nenzira iyi, kana iwe ukanyora kodhi kodhi, iwe uchave nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwezvauri kuita.
Chii chinonzi data mhando?
Mune komputa, mhando dzedata Iwo hunhu hunoratidza nezve data class (isina kusaina nhamba, yakasainwa nhamba, inoyangarara nzvimbo, alphanumeric tambo, matrices, ...) iri kubatwa. Izvi zvinorevawo zvimwe zvipimo kana zvirambidzo nedata, sezvo vachifanira kuremekedza akatevedzana mafomu uye fomati. Havangatori chinhu chipi zvacho chinokosha, uye havagoni kutengeserana navo neimwe nzira.
Kana tikapinda nyaya yeArduinoIri bhodhi rekuvandudza harisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekombuta diki yakadzikwa, ine MCU kana microcontroller inoumbwa nendangariro, CPU yekugadzirisa, uye I / O system. MuCPU mune nhevedzano yezvikamu zvekuverenga, senge ALU kana arithmetic-logical unit, iyo isina basa kuti imhando ipi yedata, nekuti ingori nyaya yekuita maoparesheni nemazero neayo, asi pane divi Iyo software ine basa, nekuti kune mushandisi kana mugadziri wezvirongwa zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndeyei (kunyangwe nekushanda kwakaringana kwechirongwa, kudzivirira mafashama, kushaya simba, nezvimwewo).
Mhando dzedata muArduino IDE
Kana iwe wakatodhawunirodha yedu yemahara Arduino programming kosi, kana kana iwe uchitova neruzivo rwekuronga papuratifomu iyi kana chero imwe, unenge watozviziva kune marudzi akati wandei e data. Kunyanya, mutauro wechirongwa unoshandiswa naArduino wakavakirwa paC ++, saka mupfungwa iyoyo wakafanana. Somuenzaniso, zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
- boolean (8 bit): a Boolean data, kureva, zvine musoro, uye izvo zvinogona chete kutora kukosha kwechokwadi kana kwenhema.
- Byte (8 bit): inogona kubva pa00000000 kusvika 11111111, kureva, kubva pa0 kusvika 255 mudecimali.
- SaIsakari (8-bit): Iyi byte inogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemavara, senge manhamba akasainwa ari pakati -128 ne +127, pamwe nemabhii.
- char isina kusaina (8-bit): zvakafanana nebyte.
- izwi (16-bit): izwi rinoumbwa ne2 bytes, uye rinogona kuva nhamba isina kusaina pakati pe0 ne65535.
- unsignedint (16-bit): nhamba isina kusaina, yakafanana neshoko.
- Int (16-bit) - Nhamba yakasainwa kubva -32768 kusvika +32767.
- asina kusaina kwenguva refu (32-bit): inoshandisa mabhayiti mana pakureba kukuru, kukwanisa kusanganisira nhamba dziri pakati pe0 ne4294967295.
- refu (32-bit): yakafanana neyekare, asi inogona kusanganisira chiratidzo, saka zvingava pakati -2147483648 uye +2147483647.
- Float (32-bit): inhamba yepoinzi inoyangarara, kureva nhamba ine madesimali pakati pe3.4028235E38 ne3.4028235E38. Chokwadi iyo Atmel Atmega328P microcontroller iyo Arduino yakavakirwa haina tsigiro yeinoyangarara nhamba nhamba uye ine 8-bit muganho mukuvaka kwayo. Nekudaro, anogona kushandiswa nekuti muunganidzi anokwanisa kugadzira macode sequence anokwanisa kuita basa rimwe chete achishandisa akareruka computational zvikamu zveMCU.
Panogona zvakare kuvepo mamwe marudzi e data zvakanyanya kuoma, senge arrays, anonongedzera, mavara tambo, nezvimwe.