Electroscope: maitiro ekugadzira imwe imba uye mashandisiro

Zvirokwazvo kazhinji iwe wakaona kana, kunyangwe, kunzwa nezve electroscope. Chishandiso chekuyera chinowanzo shandiswa sekuratidzira mumazhinji mashopu uye makirasi edzidzo kana uchibata nemagetsi emagetsi. Uye zvakare, inogona kushandiswa kune mamwe akawanda mashandisiro, sezvaungaona mune ino chinyorwa.

Pano iwe uchadzidza Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve electroscope, maitiro ekugadzira imwe imba, mashandisiro ayo, uye mashandisiro ainoita zviyero zvematanho akasiyana kana kuyedza kwako kumba ... Iyo inogona kutombove chishandiso chakanaka chekudzidzisa kudzidzisa vadiki nezve electromagnetism.

Chii chinonzi electroscope?

Un electroscope Icho chigadzirwa chine tambo yesimbi yakatwasuka yainobatana nayo neimwe muripo. Pamugumo wakatarisana ine machira matete matete. Kana chibharo chaunzwa padhuze nemucheto weelectroscope, aya mashizha anozopatsanuka nekuda kwechiratidzo chakaenzana chemhosva idzi pamabandi maviri, ichigadzira rinosemesa simba remagineti.

Kazhinji, iyo simbi yesimbi mira inowanzo gadzirwa nemhangura, kana yakafanana, nepo mahwendefa ari kumucheto kwakatarisana anogona kugadzirwa nendarama kana aluminium. Iwo machira anozoiswa mune yakajeka girazi bhokisi kana girobhu (girazi harigone kusangana nemashizha kana netsvimbo). Girazi, mune ehunyanzvi electroscopes, ine simbi furemu ichave inosangana nevhu.

Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti kana mutoro uchisvika padanda rakamira, iyo mashizha anofamba kuvhura (ivo vanopatsanura). Kufambisa uku ndiko kunoratidza kumushandisi kuti kune mutoro uripo, uye kusimba kwayo, sezvo vachigona kuvhurwa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvichienderana nazvo. Uye kana mutoro wabviswa kana kukanzurwa, iwo mashizha anodzokera kunzvimbo yavo yekuzorora.

Nekudaro, hausi iwo mutengo gimmick kuyera mitoro nenzira kwayo, chete kuti uone kuvapo kwavo. Izvo zvinogona kutsanangurwa chaizvo ndizvo chiratidzo chemutoro. Kana kubhadharisa kuri kwechiratidzo chakafanana neyechaji inozivikanwa yeelectroscope, vanobva vazove yechiratidzo chimwe chete. Asi kana vakaswedera, saka ivo vanozopikisana.

Kune rimwe divi, iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuziva kuti, zvine mutsindo, iwo machira anofanirwa kuramba akamira nekuda kwemutoro. Asi izvi hazvisizvo, mutoro unorasika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwe magetsi emagetsi mukati mebhodhoro regirazi (rinofanira kunge risina chinhu kuti zvisadaro). Asi mhedzisiro iyi, kure nekuve isina kunaka, inotoshanda pakuyera huwandu hweiyoni mumhepo.

Historia

Ichi chishandiso chakatanga kugadzirwa na William Gilbert, muna 1600. Uye akazviita kuti aite kuyedza nemagetsi emagetsi. Uye kunyangwe panguva iyoyo yaishandira izvo, parizvino haina basa rakawanda kupfuura dzidzo kana kuita kumwe kuratidzira.

Nanhasi, zviripo instruments iyo muyero inobhadharisa zvakanyatso nyatso, uye neunyanzvi hwakawanda kupfuura ichi chinhu chisina kuchena ... Semuenzaniso, kune magetsi emagetsi, magetsi emagetsi anoona, etc. Ivo vese vane akasiyana akasiyana mafomu.

Applications

Iyo electroscope, sezvaunofanirwa kunge yatove intuit, inoshandiswa sechiridzwa ku kuyera kana paine mari yemagetsi uye chiratidzo chayo. Asi haina chete chishandiso icho, izvo zvandataura pamusoro pekupimisa kuwanda kweion mumhepo zvakare inoipawo imwe kugona kusingazivikanwe zvakanyanya.

Uye ndezvekuti, iyo electroscope, inogona zvakare kushanda kune kuyera radiation mune zvakatipoteredza. Rudzi rwe "Geiger kaunda»Homemade, nyangwe isina kunyanyoita chokwadi ... Asi inokwana kuona huvepo hwema radioactive materials kana iri padyo nemwaranzi.

Nzira yekugadzira electroscope kumba

Gadzira electroscope Iri ibasa rakareruka, uye rinogona kuitwa kunyangwe nezvinhu zvauinazvo kumba kana zvekare. Izvo hazvidiwe hombe kudyara, uye iwe unogona kuzviita kunyangwe nediki diki kuti udzidze nezve kushanda.

ari zvinhu zvaunofanira kuunganidza ndeizvi:

• Ndarama mapepa emicheka kana kicheni aruminiyamu foil. Inogona kunge iri tambo yeinenge 2cm gobvu uye imwe 10cm kureba.
• Mhangura mhangura ukobvu wetsvimbo yakatwasuka uye hoko inobata mashizha.
• Girazi girazi rine insid muvharo.
• Inesarudzo - Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana chirongo chine yakavharika muvharo, uye iwe ukashandisa yakajairwa kani ine chivharo chesimbi, saka unofanirwa kuwedzera chubhu yekudzivirira kuitira kuti tsvimbo yakatwasuka isabatane nekaputi yesimbi. Iko kuputira kunogona kuve iyo yemhangura tambo inovhara pachayo (kana iine imwe), kana iwe unogona kushandisa mapurasitiki mashanga kana zvakafanana ...

Kuti uite gungano, iwe ungatofanira kushandisa zvimwe zvishandiso (pendi kukotamisa waya nekucheka, inopisa inyauka pfuti kuitira kana iwe uchida kubata zvese zvirinani, ...), kunyangwe ichigona kuitwa nemaoko. Nezve iyo kereke pachawo, nhanho dzinenge dziri:

1. Paunenge uchinge uine zvese zvinodiwa, nhanho yekutanga ndeyekucheka kuumba waya yemhangura kana tambo. Tambo inofanira kunge isina chinhu, isina chero rudzi rwekudzivirira sezvinoitika patambo. Kana zvikadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuzvibvarura. Iwe unofanirwa kugadzira mhando yetail kune imwe kumagumo ayo (serpentine), inozoita sebhora resimbi. Nenzira iyi ichave iine pamusoro pechiso kutora mari (maerekitironi) ayo anosvika pairi.
2. Zvino netambo yacho pachayo, nyatso kuboora chivharo chekokore wechikepe. Kana iwe ukaona kuti haugone kubata waya, zviite neawl kana yakanaka kuti waya iende kuburikidza nayo, asi pasina kana kunonoka. Inofanira kunge yakasunga kuitira kuti waya isungwe.
3. Iwo mumwe mugumo (iwo unopinda mukati meigwa), kana iwe uchinge wayambuka nawo, unokotama mukati L chimiro uye inofanirwa kunge yakaturikwa pakati nepakati peiyo chirongo chegirazi. Ita marefu ekuverenga uye akacheka kuti akwane zvakaomarara. Kana iwe ukaona kuti nekuda kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho chinhu chakasununguka, unogona kuchinamatira pachivharo uchishandisa pfuti yeglue inopisa, asi chenjera kuti iyo nyoka inopera, kana iyo L inopera, inowana glue pavari, nekuti iri kuputira uye iwe zvinogona kukanganisa kuyedza.
4. Wobva wadambura jira re foil 1 kana 2 cm paupamhi uye 10 cm cm. Unogona kuwedzera kana kudzikisira izvi zviyero zvichienderana nesaizi yechikepe chawatenga. Rangarira kuti hapana nguva yavanofanira kubata pasi kana madziro echikepe ...
5. Zvino, peta iyo foil iri muhafu, uye shandisa izvi peta kutsigira nzvimbo yepakati pawakakotama pamusoro penzvimbo yakatwasuka yedanda remhangura (muL). Zviite nenzira yekuti machira akarembera uye akasununguka kufamba, uye pakona ye45º. Ndokunge, vakasununguka kune vese nzira (tsvaga kuchaja kwechiratidzo chakasiyana), uye suduruka (tsvaga kuchaja kwechiratidzo chimwe chete).
6. Chekupedzisira, nyatso isa tsvimbo neiyo foil mugaba uye Dhinda chivharo zvekuti yakasimbiswa zvakanaka.

Iye zvino wapedza, mhedzisiro yacho inofanirwa kuve chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemufananidzo uri pamusoro. Iwe unongo fanirwa kuzviedza ...

Tenga electroscope?

Imwe sarudzo inogona kunge iri tenga yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa electroscope. Dzinotengeswa nedzidzo uye dzimwe hadzina kunyanya kudhura. Kunyangwe, icho chinonyanya kunakidza chiri kuigadzira ...

Pane mhando dzakasiyana, heano mamwe:

• Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
• Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
• Ajax Sayenzi, phitball electroscope.
• 3B Sayenzi Sayenzi Electroscope.
• Science2Education electroscope yedzidzo.

Edza iyo electroscope

Zvino, kuti uedze, iwe unogona kuita zvinhu zvakati wandei. Chakareruka ndechekuswededza iyo yekumusoro tip padyo nechimwe chinhu chaunoziva chine magetsi, kana static magetsi. Mhedzisiro yacho ichave kufamba panoperera mashizha, zvese zvinokwezva uye zvinosemesa zvichienderana nemitero ...

Kuzviita bvunzo:

• Uya netambo yekumusoro iri kunze kwechikepe kune chimwe chinhu chaunoziva kuti hachina mutoro, uchigara uchichengeta chikepe chakamira uye chakatsiga. Uchaona kuti machira haafambe.
• Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe ukashandisa chibharumu chakachinjiswa (uchikwiza pamusoro pebvudzi rako), iwe uchaona kuti kana iwe uchichiunza padyo, maerekitironi eiyo static charge anoendeswa kuburikidza netambo yemhangura uye osvika kune aruminiyamu mapepa, zvichikonzera zvese kupomerwa zvakaipa uye vanodzokerana (vanozovhura).