Kana iwe urikudzidza maitiro e micro-weld Zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, kana yekurembera zvekare, zvirokwazvo watoona kuti unoda chidimbu chinonzi flux. Ichi chigadzirwa mutorwa zvachose kune vakawanda, nekuti zveyakajairwa kugadziriswa netini chinhu ichi hachiwanzo kushandiswa, kune rimwe divi, kune avo vamwe vatengesi chinobatsira zvakanyanya.
Mune izvi tungamira iwe unogona kudzidza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyi paste, senge kuumbwa kwayo, chinangwa, maitiro ekuishandisa, mhando, nezvimwe.
Chii chinonzi flux?
Izwi rechirungu kuyerera kunogona kuturikirwa sekuyerera, uye inouya kubva kuLatin «fluxus» zvinoreva kuti «kuyerera». Izvo hazvishandiswe chete mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvinoshandiswawo mune mamwe marudzi mazhinji esarering seye inoyerera mumiririri kana yekuchenesa mumiriri, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwesimbi mune yesimbi metallurgia indasitiri, ndiko kuti, vanowanzove nebasa rinopfuura rimwe.
Yokutanga zvinoyerera zvakagadzirwa ne lime, potashi, sodium carbonate, borax, lead sulfate, coke, nezvimwe. Dzese dzadzo dzakashandiswa mune masisitiri kunatsa simbi. Kune rimwe divi, seye yekuchenesa mumiririri kana kufambisa isolder flux, ichigadzira irinani yemhando yepamusoro uye kubvisa oxidation, yaizotanga kushandiswa gare gare.
Kutarisa pa muridzi wemvura, inova ndiyo nyaya inotinakidza pano, chinenge chiri chinhu (pasita, mvura kana upfu) chinogona kudzivirira ngura yemapfundo, ichiita sisitimu kubva pamhepo panosangana fusion. Kune izvi, mishonga yemakemikari yakadai se fluorides, borates, borax kana boric acid inoshandiswa.
Pamusoro peichi chidziviriro, mumatini ma solders, inoshandawo kuita iyo maitiro ari nyore, Kugamuchira simbi uye kuita kuti ive inonzvisika, apo ichiita kuti zvikamu zvinamatire zvakanaka. Uye, hongu, inovandudza kunaka kwesimbi, ichidzivirira tsvina uye marara anogadzirwa panguva yekuita.
Imwe mhedzisiro yekuyerera uku kufarira iyo yakaderera tembiricha welds. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekukuvara kwezvinhu zvakasunganidzwa netembiricha inogadzirwa panguva yekuita.
Flux kunyorera
Kana zvakadaro kushandiswa flux, inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mukutengesa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi senge:
- Kugadziriswa kwema micro-welds, uko kwakaomarara kuenderera nekuda kwehukuru hudiki hwezvinhu.
- SMD kutengesa paPCBs.
- Kudzokorora kweBGA.
- Kuchenesa zvisaririra kana ngura zvisaririra.
Mhando dzekuyerera
Kune dzakawanda mhando dzekuyerera mumusika wekushambidza, imwe neimwe ine mitengo yakasiyana uye hunhu.
- Ammonium bromide isina simbi inorema: iri mhinduro yemvura ye organic organic ammonium bromides ine yemahara hydrobromic acid. Hazviwanzo siya chisaririra chemasara pane weld, uye kana zvikadaro, hazvikonzere kuumbwa kwemakomba (pitting).
- Zinc chloride: imwe aqueous solution yeammonium chloride uye zinc chloride yakasanganiswa neyemahara hydrochloric acid. Inotaridzika nekureruka kwekushandisa uye kushanda, kunyangwe kubvisa zvisaririra kunoreva kuzvichenesa kuti zvidzivise kuumbwa kwemakomba (pitting).
- Zinc bromide: imwe mhando yemvura mhinduro ye zinc bromide uye ammonium bromide ine yemahara hydrochloric acid. Kufanana neye yapfuura, zviri nyore kushandisa, asi zvakare zvakareruka kubvisa zvakasara nekuzvishambidza nemvura. Kunyangwe kana zvisaririra zvikasara musodera, hazvigadzike maburi.
- Kumba: Kunyangwe zvisina kukurudzirwa, vamwe vagadziri vanoedza nekugadzira yavo yekuzvigadzirira kuyerera. Kuti vaite izvi, vanoshandisa padiki pombi yavanopwanya nekusanganisa nedoro. Nekudaro, mhando iyi yekuyerera haizowana mhedzisiro yakafanana nezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekuyerera uye pasoda yekunamatira
Kumwe kwekusahadzika kunowanzoitika kana kuri kuyerera kumwechete nesoda pasita kana kana paine misiyano. Chokwadi ndechekuti chakaomarara, uye kazhinji kacho zvigadzirwa zvacho zvinovhiringidza murondedzero yavo, vachishandisa ese mazwi seanoreva zvakafanana. Vamwe vanoita mutsauko, uye vanoti pane chete misiyano mishoma:
- yerera: chemakemikari chinhu chinoiswa kune simbi kuti ivo vadziye zvakafanana uye nekuvandudza mhando yeiyo weld, kana zvakare yekudzora.
- Solder namatidza: inoshandiswa pakutungidza kufambisa kunamatira kwenzvimbo dzakaomesesa dzesimbi.
Asi, sezvandino taura, nezve zvinangwa zvinoshanda, unogona kuzvitora se zvakafanana. Kutaura zvazviri, mune dzimwe nzvimbo izwi rimwe chete rinoshandiswa uye mune dzimwewo. Ingo ita chokwadi kana iwe ukatenga chigadzirwa kuti hachisi kuyerera kana kunama kwepombi dzemvura kana zvimwe zvekushandisa, uye kuti zvakanangana nemagetsi ...
Mashandisiro ekuyerera
Kushandisa kuyerera, kana kuyerera, kuri nyore kana iwe ukatevera nhevedzano yematanho. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuwana zvakanakisa kubva muchigadzirwa ichi. Uye zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa akateedzana ekudzivirira, sekuishandisa mukamuri ine mweya sezvo iri kemikari inogona kuburitsa mamhepo, kupfeka magirazi uye chifukidzo, pamwe nemagirovhosi.
ari mirairo kushandisa kuyerera kwekutunga ndeiyi:
- Chenesa chero tsvina inogona kunge iri munzvimbo yekutungidza, kana paine imwe.
- Isa nhete nhete yekuyerera kunzvimbo kana zvese zviri zviviri. Izvo hazvina basa kuti zvikamu zvazadzwa kupi kana iko kuchave nekumonera. Zvakare, kana nzvimbo yacho ichipisa, zvirinani.
- Ipapo iyo simbi inoitwa sezvayaizowanzoitwa, zvichienderana nekuti iSODD Welding, reballing, nezvimwe.
- Pakupedzisira, suka mafosi akasara.
Nezve ino yekupedzisira poindi, pane gakava pamusoro pekuchenesa kana kwete. Muchokwadi, hazvisi chete kusahadzika kune hobbyists (kana manyore welding), zvakare zvakare kusahadzika muindasitiri (otomatiki welding). Vazhinji vagadziri vanoregeredza iyo yekumashure-yekugadzira chikamu nekushaya michina yekushandisa uye nekuvimba nekugona kwemuchina unoshandiswa kugadzira majoini nehutsanana hwakakwana.
Panzvimbo iyoyo, iyi pfungwa yenhema yekuchengeteka inogona kutungamira mukuregeredza iyo kusvibiswa kwemagetsi inogadzirwa mune zvimwe zvinhu uye izvo sezviri pachena hazviite zvakashata, kunyangwe zvaizopedza kutadza kwenguva refu.
Kana iri kushandiswa inoyerera musimboti solder waya kana kuyerera, uku kuyerera kunowanzoita resini yakasimba ine nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yepamusoro pane simbi inoikomberedza. Mune aya marudzi emawelds, kana muromo wewelding wabata waya, kuyerera kunova mvura uye ndokupararira pamusoro pebasa. Nenzira iyi, iyo yakanyungudutswa simbi inotevera kupisa uye kubuda, ichiumba chisungo. Sezvo zvinogona kuderedzwa, sezvo zvichida kuti kupisa kunyungudike, njodzi dzekusviba dzakaderera kwazvo ...
Kune rimwe divi, izvi hazvisizvo mune dzimwe nzira dzekutengesa panoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuwanda nekuda kwehunhu hwesodera, semuenzaniso muSMD. Nekudaro, kune zvigadzirwa «Kwete Yakachena» zvinwiwa izvo hazvidi kuchenesa, asi zvinoda kuratidzirwa kune kupisa kuti zvivape inert.
Semuenzaniso, kana uchiita yakazara wave soldering, izvo zvinovimbiswa, asi kwete mune mamwe matekiniki uko kunosarudzwa poindi-kune-poindi soldering kana reballing inoshandiswa. Muzviitiko izvi, kupisa kwenzvimbo kunogona kusakwanira kuputsa zvinokonzeresa zvemakemikari uye zviite inert. Uye iro idambudziko kune zvasara kunze kwenzvimbo ye weld kana kupararira pasi kana pamusoro pezvinhu.
Maitiro ekuchengetedza kuyerera
Ukangopedza kushandisa kubuda, kuitira kuti inyatso chengetedzwa unofanira:
- Siya kuyerera mubhodhoro rayo rekutanga uye uvhare zvakanaka.
- Mudziyo unofanirwa kugara wakamira, uchidzivirira kuuchengeta wakatarisa pasi.
- Ramba uri munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakadzika tembiricha, zvirinani. Kuisiya munzvimbo dzakaoma kana kumatembiricha akakwirira kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa chero zvodii.
- Kana iwe wakazvichengeta munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera (5-6ºC) sekuraira kwevamwe vagadziri, usati waishandisa zvakare unofanirwa kuisiya kwemaawa matanhatu pane tembiricha yemukati kuitira kuti isvike pane yakakwana tembiricha yekushandisa.
Kukanganisa uye matanho ekushandisa kuyerera
Fluxes kana kuyerera hakuna kusununguka kukanganisa, kunyangwe zvavo kubatsirwa kwavo kuchivaita kuti vakoshese kushandisa. Semuenzaniso, mamwe makemikari anowanzo kuve nehasha uye anokonzeresa kuita ngura mune zvinhu. Zvimwe zvinogona kuburitsa kumisidzana nezvinhu zvacho, zvichidzivirira.
Inogona zvakare kuve kesi ye kusvibiswa zvikamu zvinotapira, senge zvimwe zvinotapira kuona, laser diode maficha, MEMS nzira, switch, nezvimwe. Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti mamwe makemikari ari mune anonyungudika nemvura, akadai se polyethylene glycol, anokonzeresa kuora kwezvinhu zve dielectric yezvikamu zvemataneti akadhindwa.
Mune akakwirira frequency maseketi, kuyerera masara kunogona zvakare kukonzera mamwe matambudziko. Izvo zvakatowanikwa kuti mune dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukonzera kusarudzwa kwemagetsi kwekubatana uye kuumbwa kwe ndebvu nemasara eionic, iwo hunyoro hwepamusoro hwavanokonzera uye nemhepo yakasarudzika.
Ndisati ndayambirawo nezve dziviriro ndisati ndashandisa makemikari aya, uye izvo ndezvekuti makomputa asina kugadzikana anogona kuvawo migumisiro yehutano yakaipa. Zvinonyungudutswa zvinoda kucheneswa zvinokuvadza zvakare, zvine hutachiona hwezvakatipoteredza.
Ini ndinodzokorora kuti zvakakosha pfeka magogogo, chifukidzo nemagirovhosi yekubata. Kukundikana kuita izvi kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko ehutano kubva pakuratidzwa kwenguva refu, semuenzaniso, rosin utsi. Izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa asthma muvanhu vane hanya.
En los maziso kana ganda zvinogona zvakare kukonzera matambudziko. Muchokwadi, uku kuyerera kunoenderana neganda uye kunogona kuendesa kupisa zvirinani, zvichikonzera kupisa.
Ndekupi kwekutenga kubuda?
Chekupedzisira, kana iwe uchida kutenga flux, iwe unogona kuiwana nemutengo wakanaka mune dzinoverengeka nyanzvi zvitoro zvemagetsi. Izvi ndizvo mamwe mazano:
- JBC mvura-based flux
- Isiri-inoparadza Flux Hilitand yePBB, BGA uye SMD.
- Kutungamira-kwemahara kubuda mune sirinji fomati.
- Tin waya yesimbi isina lead-isina rosin musimboti (flux).
- CS Lab inoyerera yesirinji reballing.
- Flux namatidza pasina kuchenesa (Hapana Chakachena) musirinji.