GPIO: zvese nezve Raspberry Pi 4 uye 3 kubatana

Raspberry Pi 4 GPIO

ari GPIO pini dzeRaspberry Pi 4 bhodhi, 3, uye zvakare vatungamiriri vayo, vanopa iyo SBC bhodhi nehunyanzvi hwakafanana nehwo hunogona kuve naArduino, nekuti naivo unogona kugadzira zvinonakidza zvemagetsi zvinodzorwa kubva kuhurongwa hwekushandisa nenzira yekodhi mumitauro yakasiyana, sePython.

Izvo zvinoita kuti bhodhi rive rinopfuura chete rakachipa komputa. Izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti ubatanidze huwandu hwe zvemagetsi zvinhu iyo iwe yaunogona kushandisa neArduino, asi izvo zvinogona zvakare kudzorwa kubva kuPi. Muchirongwa ichi ndichaedza kukupa ruzivo rwakawanda sezvazvinogona nezve mapini eGPIO kuitira kuti utange kushandisa iwo ...

Chii chinonzi GPIO?

GPIO

GPIO ndicho chidimbu cheGeneral Purpose Input / Output, kureva kuti, General Chinangwa Kuisa / Kuburitsa. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakasiyana zvinogona kuva nazvo, senge machipisi pachawo kana mamwe mabhodhi ePBB akadai seiyi Raspberry Pi. Seizvo zita rinoratidzira, iwo mapini anogona kugadzirirwa kuti aite akasiyana mabasa, nekudaro iwo akajairwa chinangwa uye kwete chekushandisa chaiko.

Ichave mushandisi panguva yekumhanya ndiani anogona gadzira aya maGPIO mapini kuitira kuti vaite zvavanoda. Izvo zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, senge nemamwe makodhi kana zvinyorwa kubva kuconsole kana nechirongwa chePython, inova imwe yenzira dzakareruka uye dzakasarudzika nekuda kwehuwandu hwesarudzo dzauinadzo.

Nenzira iyi, iyo Raspberry Pi haina chete ine akateedzana emachiteshi uye interfaces kubatanidza akawanda akajairwa madhizaini, asi wedzera aya maGPIO mapini kuti iwe ugone kuwedzera mamwe emagetsi zvigadzirwa kana magadziri mapurojekiti awakazvigadzirira iwe pachako. Nenzira imwecheteyo iwe yaungaita neArduino uye yayo I / O pini yekudzora.

Y kwete yega Arduino kana Raspberry Pi, ndozvinoitawo mamwe mabhodhi eSBC akafanana uye zvigadzirwa zvakadzika.

GPIO Zvimiro

Uye pakati MACARACTERISTICS ake chinonyanya kushamisa:

  • Vanogona zvigadziriswe tanto sekupinza sekuburitsa. Ivo vane huviri hwacho sezvazvinoitika kune avo ve Arduino.
  • Iyo GPIO pini zvakare inogona kuvhurwa uye kudziviswa nekodhi. Ndokunge, vanogona kuiswa kune 1 (yakakwira voltage nhanho) kana 0 (yakaderera magetsi nhanho).
  • Chokwadi vanogona verenga binary data, senge iwo uye zero, ndiko kuti, chiratidzo chemagetsi kana kusavapo kwayo.
  • Kuburitsa kukosha kwe Kuverenga nekunyora.
  • Hunhu hwekuisa hunogona kugadziridzwa mune dzimwe nguva se zviitiko kuitira kuti vagadzire imwe mhando yechiito pabhodhi kana system. Dzimwe dzakabatanidzwa masystem dzinovashandisa se IRQs. Imwe nyaya ndeyekugadzirisa kuti kana imwe kana akawanda mapini ari kushanda nemamwe maseru, ita chimwe chiitiko ...
  • Nezve iyo voltage uye kusimba, iwe unofanirwa kuziva mushe masimba akakwirira anogamuchirwa kubhodhi, mune ino Raspberry Pi 4 kana 3. Iwe haufanire kuvapfuudza kuti varege kukuvadza icho.

Nenzira, apo boka reGPIO pini rakarongedzwa, sezvazviri neiyo Raspberry Pi, iro boka rinozivikanwa se GPIO chiteshi.

Iyo GPIO pini yeiyo Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi GPIO

Scheme inoshanda kune vhezheni 4, 3, Zero

Itsva Raspberry Pi 4 mabhodhi uye vhezheni 3 Ivo vakapakata nhamba hombe yeGPIO pini. Haasi ese maBhaibheri anopa huwandu hwakaenzana, uye haana kuverengwa nenzira imwechete, saka unofanirwa kuti uchenjere neizvi kuti uzive mushe kuti ungagadzire sei kubatana maererano nemodeli uye kudzokorora kwauinako.

Asi chii chakanyanya generic mhando dzeGPIO iwe dzaunogona kuwana muchiteshi cheRaspberry Pi mabhodhi. Uye icho chichava chinhu chekutanga chandingade kujekesa, nekuti ndizvozvo iwe uchaziva mhando dzepini iwe unogona kutarisira kune ako mapurojekiti:

  • ZvokudyaPini idzi dzinoshandiswa kubatanidza tambo dzemagetsi kana wiring yezvirongwa zvemagetsi. Iwo anoenderana nemapini akafanana neaya ari paArduino bhodhi, uye ayo anopa voltages e5v uye 3v3 (3.3v inogumira kune 50mA mutoro). Uye zvakare, iwe unowana zvakare epasi iwo (GND kana Ground). Kana ukasashandisa masimba emagetsi ekunze akadai semabhatiri, kana maadapter, mapini aya anogona kubatsira zvikuru kusimbisa dunhu rako.
  • DNC (Usabatanidze): Iwo mapini ari mune mamwe maBhaibheri uye asina basa, asi kuti mumabhodhi matsva akapihwa chimwe chinangwa. Iwe unongowana izvi mune mamwe echinyakare mamodheru ePi. Mune iyo nyowani 3 ne4 ivo vanozomakwa seGND kazhinji, vachikwanisa kusanganisa muboka rapfuura.
  • Pini dzinogadziriswa: Ndiwo akajairwa maGPIO, uye anogona kugadziridzwa nemakodhi sekutsanangura kwandichaita gare gare kuti uite zvaunoda
  • Pini dzakakosha: izvi zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinoitirwa kusangana kwakasarudzika kana kupindirana senge UART, TXD uye RXD serial kubatana, nezvimwe, sezvazvinoitika naArduino. Iwe unozotowana zvimwe zvakaita SDA, SCL, MOSI, MISO, SCLK, CE0, CE1, nezvimwe. Vanomira pakati pavo:
    • PWM, iyo inogona kudzora hupamhi hwehupfu sezvatakaona muchinyorwa chakapfuura. PaRaspberry Pi 3 ne4 ivo vari iyo GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO18 uye GPIO19.
    • SPI imwe yekutaurisa interface iyo yandakakurukurawo mune imwe chinyorwa. Panyaya yemabhodhi matsva makumi mana-pini, iwo mapini (ane akasiyana nzira dzekutaurirana sezvaungaona):
      • SPI0: MOSI (GPIO10), MISO (GPIO9), SCLK (GPIO11), CE0 (GPIO8), CE1 (GPIO7)
      • SPI1: MOSI (GPIO20); MISO (GPIO19); SCLK(GPIO21); CE0 (GPIO18); CE1 (GPIO17); CE2 (GPIO16)
    • I2C kumwe kubatana kwandakatsanangudzawo mune ino blog. Iri bhazi rinoumbwa neiyo data chiratidzo (GPIO2) uye wachi (GPIO3). Pamusoro peEEPROM Dhata (GPIO0) uye EEPROM Clock (GPIO1).
    • Serial, kumwe kutaurirana kunoshanda neTX (GPIO14) uye RX (GPIO15) pini senge idzo dzaungawana pane bhodhi Arduino UNO.

Rangarira kuti maGPIO ndiwo maratidziro pakati peRaspberry Pi nenyika yekunze, asi vanayo zvaunogumira, kunyanya magetsi. Chinhu chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho kuti usazokanganisa bhodhi ndechekuyeuka kuti aya maGPIO mapini anowanzo kuve asina kuvhurwa, ndokuti, pasina bhaudhi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havana dziviriro, saka iwe unofanirwa kuongorora hukuru hwemagetsi uye kusimba kunoiswa kuti usazoguma uine ndiro isina basa ...

GPIO mutsauko pakati peshanduro

Yekare Raspberry Pi GPIO pini

Sezvandataura, kwete ese mamodheru akafanana mapiniHeano mamwe madhayagiramu kuti iwe ugone kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pemamodeli uye nekudaro unokwanisa kutarisa paRaspberry Pi 4 ne3, inova ndiyo nyowani uye iyo yaungangodaro unayo. Izvo zvinopesana pakati (rese reboka rega rega vanogovana mapini akafanana):

  • Raspberry Pi 1 Muenzaniso B Rev 1.0, ine 26-pini yakati siyanei kubva Rev2.
  • Raspberry Pi 1 Muenzaniso A uye B Rev 2.0, ese ari maviri mamodheru ane 26-pini.
  • Rapsberry Pi Muenzaniso A +, B +, 2B, 3B, 3B +, Zero uye Zero W, uye zvakare mamodheru 4. Ivo vese vane 40-pini GPIO musoro.

Chii chandinga plug mune maGPIO?

Raspberry Pi ngowani

Iwe hauchazokwanisa chete batanidza zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi Chemhondoro transistors, unyoro / tembiricha sensors, vanopisa, and injini, LEDs, nezvimwe. Iwe unogona zvakare kubatanidza zvinoriumba kana ma module akagadzirwa zvakanangana neiyo Raspberry Pi uye ayo anowedzera kugona kwebhodhi kupfuura izvo zvinosanganisirwa mu base.

Ndiri kureva kune vane mukurumbira ngowani kana ngowani uye mahwendefa aunogona kuwana mumusika. Kune akawanda marudzi, kubva kune ayo anoshandiswa kudzora mota nemadriver, kune vamwe kugadzira boka remakomputane Akatungamirira paneeli controllable, kuwedzera DVB TV kugona, LCD skrini, Etc.

Hats kana hats Ivo akaiswa pane Raspberry Pi bhodhi, kuenzanisa maGPIO anodikanwa kuti ishande. Naizvozvo, kuungana kwayo kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza. Ehe, ita shuwa yeplate vhezheni inoenderana nechero heti, nekuti iyo GPIO chiteshi chakasiyana sezvawakaona ...

Ini ndinotaura izvi kana uine ndiro yechikuru, sezvo ngowani dziri inoenderana chete nezvitsva. Sezvakaita Raspberry Pi Model A +, B +, 2, 3, uye 4 mamodheru.

Nhanganyaya yekushandisa GPIO pane iyo Raspberry Pi

Pinout kuraira kuburitsa

Kwayaka: Raspberry Pi

Kuti utange, paRaspbian, unogona kuvhura iyo koni uye nyora rairo pin outChichadzokera kwauri mufananidzo mune iyo terminal neiyo GPIO pini inowanikwa pane yako bhodhi uye chii chimwe nechimwe ndechei. Chinhu chinoshanda kuti ugare uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge taita.

Chekutanga chirongwa: kupenya mwenje neGPIOs

GPIO ine LED pane Raspberry Pi

Iyo yakakosha nzira yekugadzira mhando ye "Mhoro nyika" nemaGPIO ndeye kushandisa iri nyore LED yakabatana nemapini eRaspberry Pi kuti iwe uone kuti vanoshanda sei. Mune ino kesi, ini ndakabatanidza iyo neGND uye imwe yacho kupini 17, kunyangwe iwe uchikwanisa kusarudza imwe yakajairika pini ...

Kana uchinge wakabatana, unogona dzora ivo kubva kuRaspbian kushandisa iyo terminal. MuLinux, mamwe mafaira anoshandiswa seaya ari mu / sys / kirasi / gpio / dhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira faira ine chimiro chakakosha kuti utange kushanda:

echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/export

Ipapo unogona gadzira senge yekuisa (mu) kana seinobuda (kunze) iyo pini 17 yakasarudzwa semuenzaniso wedu. Unogona kuzviita nyore nyore ne:

echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/direction

Mune ino kesi sekuburitsa, sezvo isu tichida kutumira yemagetsi kupisa kune iyo LED kuti ibatidze iyo, asi kana yaive sensor, nezvimwe, iwe unogona kushandisa mu. Zvino for batidza (1) kana kudzima (0) iyo LED yaunogona kushandisa:

echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value
echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value

Kana iwe uchida kuenderera kune imwe chirongwa uye bvisa kupinda yakagadzirwa, unogona kuzviita nenzira iyi:

echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport

Nenzira, iwe unogona zvakare kuunganidza ese anodikanwa mirairo yeprojekiti yako, senge ese apfuura, uvachengete mune yefaira faira bash script uye wozovamhanyisa muhombodo kamwechete, pachinzvimbo chekuzvinyora rimwe nerimwe. Izvi zvinobatsira kana iwe uchidzokorora kuita kwakafanana kakawanda, saka haufanire kunyora zvakare. Ingomhanya uende. Semuyenzaniso:

nano led.sh

#!/bin/bash
source gpio 
gpio mode 17 out
while true; do 
gpio write 17 1 
sleep 1.3 
gpio write 17 0 
sleep 1.3 done

Ukangopedza, iwe unochengetedza uyezve unogona kuzvipa zvakakodzera ita nekuita mvumo chinyorwa kuti iyo LED ivhure, mirira 1.3 masekondi uye kudzima seizvi muchiuno ...

chmod +x led.sh
./led.sh

Chirongwa mberi

programming mutauro sosi kodhi

Zviripachena izvo zviri pamusoro zvinoshandira zvidiki zvemagetsi mapurojekiti ane zvidimbu zvidiki, asi kana iwe uchida kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakafambira mberi, panzvimbo yemirairo, izvo zvaunogona kushandisa programming languages kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana kana sosi kodhi dzinoitisa mashandiro acho.

Vanogona kushandiswa zvishandiso zvakasiyana kuronga, nemitauro yakasiyana kwazvo. Maraibhurari akagadzirwa nharaunda anoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kwauri, senge WiringPi, sysfs, pigpio, nezvimwe. Iwo mapurogiramu anogona kuve akasiyana kwazvo, kubva kuPython, inova sarudzo inosarudzika yevakawanda, kuburikidza naRuby, Java, Perl, BASIC, uye kunyangwe C #.

Pamutemo, iyo Raspberry Pi inokupa iwe nzvimbo zhinji kuronga maGPIO ako, akadai se:

  • Scratch, Kune avo vasingazive maitiro ekuronga uye vanoda kushandisa mapuzzle eprojekiti iyi iyo Arduino inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa, nezvimwe. Zvirongwa zvine graphic block zvinonzwisisika uye zvinoshanda kwazvo mundima yedzidzo.
  • Python: Uyu mutauro wakapfava wakadudzirwa wepurogiramu unokutendera kuti ugadzire makodhi akareruka uye akasimba, neakawanda emaraibhurari aunogona kuita chero zvese zvaunofungidzira.
  • C / C ++ / C #: iwo ane simba zvakanyanya mitauro yekugadzira mabhainari ayo ekudyidzana nawo maGPIO. Unogona kuzviita nenzira dzinoverengeka, uchishandisa yakajairwa fomu kana kernel interface kuburikidza raibhurarilibbood, asi zvakare kuburikidza neyechitatu-bato raibhurari senge pygium.
  • Kugadzira3, yakafanana neArduino.

Sarudza zvinoshanduka iyo yaunofarira zvakanyanya kana iwe yaunofunga iri nyore.


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  1.   Mhofu akadaro

    Chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo nezve kutanga paRasperry

    1.    Isaac akadaro

      Ndinokutendai zvikuru.

      1.    Ruth Medina akadaro

        ndiwe munyori here?

        1.    Isaac akadaro

          Hongu