HC-SR04: zvese nezve iyo ultrasonic sensor

Dzimwe nguva zvinotodiwa Pimisa madaro uye nekuda kweizvozvo iwe une zvaunogona kuita ma sensors. Isu tatove takatsaurira chinyorwa chekutaura nezve a yakanyanya kunyatsoita kure sensor senge iyo VL52L0X. Iyi sensor yaive yerudzi rweToF uye yaive yakavakirwa pazviyero chaizvo nekuda kweraser yayo. Asi kana kunyatsoita kusiri iko kwakakosha kwauri uye iwe uchida chimwe chinhu chinokutendera kuyera madaro nemutengo wakaderera, imwe mukana wekuti iwe unayo pamunwe wako ndeye HC-SR04.

Munyaya ye HC-SR04 chinhambwe chinzwa, chinhambwe chinoyerwa ne ultrasound. Iyo sisitimu yakafanana neiyo optical nzira yeVL52L0X. Ndokunge, inoburitswa, kune bhure uye inogamuchirwa, asi mune ino kesi pane kuve laser kana IR, iri ultrasound. Kana iwe uchishuvira zvemagetsi, robhoti kana mugadziri weamateur, unogona kuzvishandisa kuwanda kwemapurojekiti e DIY akadai seanodzivirira masisitimu ekuona emarobhoti, maseru ekuvapo, nezvimwe.

Chii chinonzi HC-SR04?

Zvakanaka, zviri pachena, sekutaura kwandamboita mundima dzapfuura, Iyo HC-SR04 yakadzika yakaringana kuresa sensor kunoenderana ne ultrasound. Nayo inobvumidza kuyera madaro nenzira yakapfava uye inokurumidza, kunyangwe musimboti isingawanzoshandisirwa izvo. Kazhinji kazhinji, inoshandiswa se transducer kuona zvipingamupinyi uye kuzvidzivirira kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzinoenderana nemhinduro yesenji.

Kuonekwa kweiyo HC-SR04 yakasarudzika kwazvo uye inozivikanwa nyore. Uye zvakare, chinhu chakakurumbira kwazvo muArduino Starter kits uye inodikanwa kune yakawanda mapurojekiti. Inotaridzika nyore nekuti ine "maziso" maviri ayo ari iwo chaiwo michina ye ultrasound iyo module iyi inosanganisa. Imwe yacho ndeye ultrasound emitter uye imwe yacho inogamuchira. Inoshanda panguva zhinji ye40 Khz, saka haina kunzwikwa nevanhu.

Nheyo dzeiyo ultrasonic sensor

Nheyo iyo Izvo zvinoenderana nekuenzanisa iyo inoshandiswa kana iwe ukanda dombo mutsime kuyera kudzika kwaro. Iwe unokanda dombo uye nguva kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti riwire pasi. Ipapo unoita kuverenga kwekumhanya kwenguva yadarika uye unowana chinhambwe chakafamba nedombo. Asi pakadaro iyo sensor ndiwe.

Nyaya inoenderana:

ESP8266: iyo WIFI module yeArduino

Mune iyo HC-SR04, iyo inoburitsa ichaburitsa ultrasound uye kana ivo vobvisa chinhu kana chipingaidzo chiri munzira iyo ivo vachatorwa neanogamuchira. Iyo dunhu richaita zvakafanira kuverenga yeiyo echo kuti uone chinhambwe. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve kujairika kwauri kana iwe uchiziva iyo system iyo dzimwe mhuka dzakaita semadhorphini, mawhale kana zviremware zvinoshandisa kuwana zvipingamupinyi, mhuka, nezvimwe.

Nekuverenga iyo nguva kubvira iyo pulse yatumirwa kudzamara mhinduro yagamuchirwa, iyo nguva uye nekudaro nhambwe inogona kunyatso tsanangurwa. Rangarira kuti [Space = velocity nguva] asi mune iyo HC-SR04, iwe unofanirwa kupatsanura huwandu uhu ne / 2, sezvo nguva yakayerwa kubva apo iyo ultrasound painobuda uye ichifamba nemuchadenga kusvikira yarova chipingaidzo uye nenzira yekudzoka, saka ichave inenge hafu yeiyi ...

Pinout uye madhata

Iwe unotoziva kuti kuona iyo yakazara data yemhando iwe yawakawana, chinhu chakanakisa ndeche tsvaga iyo datasheet kongiri yemugadziri. Semuenzaniso, heino a Sparkfun dhatasheet, asi kune zvimwe zvakawanda zviripo muPDF. Nekudaro, heino akakosha data rehunyanzvi reiyo HC-SR04:

• Pinout: 4 pini dzesimba (Vcc), inokonzeresa (Trigger), inogamuchira (Echo) uye pasi (GND). Iyo inokonzeresa inoratidza kana iyo sensor inofanirwa kuvhurwa (apo iyo ultrasound painotangwa), uye nekudaro zvichazokwanisika kuziva nguva yakapfuura apo anogashira anogamuchira chiratidzo.
• Zvokudya: 5 V
• Ultrasound frequency: 40 Khz, nzeve yemunhu inongonzwa chete kubva pa20Hz kusvika pa20Khz. Zvese zviri pazasi pe20Hz (infrasound) uye pamusoro pe20Khz (ultrasound) hazvizonzwisisike.
• Kushandiswa (kumira-ne): <2mA
• Kushandiswa kushanda:15mA
• Anoshanda angled: <15º, zvinoenderana nemakona ezvinhu iwe unogona kuve nemhedzisiro iri nani kana yakaipa.
• Kuyerwa kureba: kubva 2cm kusvika 400cm, kunyangwe kubva pa250 cm resolution yacho ichave isina kunyatsonaka.
• Kugadziriswa kwepakati: 0.3 cm kusiana pakati penzvimbo chaiyo uye kuyerwa, saka kunyangwe zvisiri kutariswa zvakanyanya senge laser, zviyero zvinogamuchirwa kune akawanda mashandisirwo.
• Mutengo: kubva ingangoita € 0,65

Kubatanidzwa naArduino

Para kuibatanidza neArduino hakugone kuve nyore. Iwe unongofanirwa kuve mutariri wekubatanidza GND kune inoenderana kuburitswa kweako Arduino yakamisikidzwa saizvozvi, Vcc neArduino 5v magetsi emagetsi uye mamwe mapini maviri eHC-SR04 pamwe nezvakabuda / zvinobuda zvakasarudzwa kuchirongwa chako. Iwe unogona kuona kuti zviri nyore muchikamu chepamusoro cheFritzing ...

Iwe unongofanirwa kuve neyakafunga imwe chete, kuti iyo tigger inofanirwa kugamuchira kupomba kwemagetsi kweanosvika gumi ma microseconds kuti iite zvakanaka. Pakutanga iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti iri muZVINHU kukosha.

Kana ari kodhi yeArduino IDE, haufanire kushandisa chero raibhurari kana chero chinhu chakadai senge nezvimwe zvinhu. Ingo ita fomula yekuverenga iyo nhambwe uye zvimwe zvishoma ... Ehe, kana iwe uchida kuti yako projekiti iite chimwe chinhu mukupindura kuyerwa kweiyo HC-SR04 sensor, uchafanirwa kuwedzera kodhi yaunoda. Semuenzaniso, panzvimbo pekungoratidzira zviyero paconsole, unogona kuita kuti servomotors vafambe munzira imwe kana imwe kune mamwe madaro kuti vadzivise chipingamupinyi, kana kuti mota imire, alarm inofanira kumisikidzwa kana ichiona padyo, nezvimwe. .

 Mamwe ruzivo nezve chirongwa: Arduino Chinyorwa (Yemahara PDF)

Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuona izvi basic code yekushandisa se base:

//Define las constantes para los pines donde hayas conectado el pin Echo y Trigger
const int EchoPin = 8;
const int TriggerPin = 9;
 
void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600);
   pinMode(TriggerPin, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT);
}

//Aquí la muestra de las mediciones
void loop() {
   int cm = ping(TriggerPin, EchoPin);
   Serial.print("Distancia medida: ");
   Serial.println(cm);
   delay(1000);
}

//Cálculo para la distancia
int ping(int TriggerPin, int EchoPin) {
   long duration, distanceCm;
   
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);  //para generar un pulso limpio ponemos a LOW 4us
   delayMicroseconds(4);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, HIGH);  //generamos Trigger (disparo) de 10us
   delayMicroseconds(10);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);
   
   duration = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH);  //medimos el tiempo entre pulsos, en microsegundos
   
   distanceCm = duration * 10 / 292/ 2;   //convertimos a distancia, en cm
   return distanceCm;
}