Mashandisiro anoita CNC muchina uye mashandisirwo

CNC multi-turusi muchina

Iwo ubiquitous CNC michina iri muhuwandu hwemafekitori uye maworkshop emarudzi ese. Kunaka kwavo kunoshamisa kwakaita kuti ive michina yakakosha yezvikamu zvekugadzira. Zvino zvaunoziva kuti mhando dzemakina idzi ndedzipi, zvinotevera ndizvo ziva kuti CNC muchina unoshanda sei, magadzirirwo ezvikamu, mutauro wepurogiramu waanoshandisa, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kunonyanya kushandiswa kwemichina iyi.

Mashandiro anoita CNC muchina: CNC kana manhamba kudzora machining

Kubva kuCAD (Computer-Aided Design kana Computer Aided Design) kana CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing kana Computer Aided Manufacturing) magadzirirwo, mamwe. kuverenga kana macode emutauro iyo CNC muchina uchakwanisa kutevera nzira kana mafambiro akamakirirwa machining echikamu muhurongwa hwakakodzera kuitira kuti mhedzisiro inodiwa inowanikwa. Ndiko, kuitira kuti pakupera kwekuita, chikamu chacho chakafanana neyekugadzirwa kwekombuta.

Kureva kuti, nekuda kweaya macode zvinogoneka fambisa musoro nechishandiso chebasa kuburikidza nemasanhu emuchina. Ehezve, chishandiso chinogona kuve chakasiyana kubva kune mumwe muchina kuenda kune mumwe, vamwe vanotova neakawanda-turusi musoro wekuchinja pakati akati wandei uye kupa kukuru kuchinjika kwebasa. Semuyenzaniso, panogona kunge paine maturusi ekucheka, maturusi ekuchera, kugayo kana kutenderedza maturusi, maturusi ekukuchidzira, maturusi ekutsvaga, nezvimwe.

Kufambisa kutonga

CNC michina ine maviri kana anopfuura anorongwa kero (axes). Kazhinji kune 3 (X, Y, Z), kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vanogona kuva nezvakawanda sezvatakaona munyaya yapfuura, mukuwedzera kune kubvumira kutenderera (matemo anotenderera anonzi A, B, C). Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematemo, unogona kuita zvakanyanya kana kushoma machining. Matemo akawanda, dhigirii yakakura yekusununguka kwekufamba, saka inogona kugadzira zvakanyanya kuoma kuvezwa.

Para kudzora kufamba Pamatemo aya, marudzi maviri ehurongwa anogona kushandiswa anogona kushanda ari ega kana pamwechete:

  • Mhedziso tsika (code G90): muchiitiko ichi marongedzero enzvimbo yekuenda anoendeswa kunzvimbo yepakutanga yezvirongwa. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana X (kuyerwa kwedhayamita yekupedzisira) uye Z (chiyero mugwara rakafanana neaxis yekutenderera kwe spindle) inoshandiswa.
  • Kuwedzera kukosha (code G91): mune iyi imwe nyaya iyo inorongerwa yenzvimbo yekuenda inotumirwa kune yazvino poindi. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana U (radial kureba) uye W (yakayerwa munzira inofambirana neaxis yekutenderera kweiyo spindle) inoshandiswa.

Zvirongwa zvinogadziriswa

Chete nekudzora kwekufamba iyo CNC muchina waisagona kushandiswa. Naizvozvo, michina inofanira kurongwa nedzimwe nzira. Mhando yemuchina weCNC, chokwadi, ine hukama nemhando yezvirongwa zvinogoneka zvainazvo. Semuenzaniso, mukati mekugadzira iwe unogona kuve neyakananga programmable mabasa akadai se:

  • otomatiki chishandiso shanduko: pane mamwe akawanda-zvishandiso machining nzvimbo. Musoro wechishandiso unogona kurongeka kuti ushandise chishandiso chinodiwa mune yega yega pasina kuzviisa muchirungu nemawoko.
  • Spindle kumhanya uye activation: The spindle speed in revolutions paminiti (RPM) inogonawo kurongwa, kusanganisira nzira yekutenderera (clockwise kana counterclockwise), pamwe nekumira kana kushandura.
  • Refrigerant: Michina yakawanda yekugadzira iyo inoshanda nezvinhu zvakaoma, sematombo kana simbi, inoda chinotonhorera kuitira kuti isanyanya kupisa. Iyo inotonhorera inogona zvakare kurongwa kuti ibatike kana kudzima panguva yebasa.

CNC chirongwa

CNC michina inogona kurongwa, sezvakaonekwa, asi ivo vanoita saizvozvo nzira dzakasiyana kuti iwe unofanirwa kuziva paunenge uchishanda nemumwe wavo:

  • manyuwari: Kuisa ruzivo rwaunoda pane yekuraira kukurumidza. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuziva kodhi yealphanumeric yakamisikidzwa, senge iyo yeDIN 66024 uye DIN 66025.
  • Otomatiki: ndiyo yakajairika nyaya mazuva ano, uye inoitwa kuburikidza nekombuta yakabatana nemuchina weCNC. Munhu achakwanisa kushandura iyo data kuburikidza nesoftware, asingade kuziva makodhi, sezvo chirongwa pachacho chichava chinotarisira kuvashandura mumirayiridzo inonzwisisika yemuchina weCNC. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemutauro unonzi APT, unozoshandurirwa kuita mabhinari (zero neayo) kuitira kuti microcontroller yemuchina weCNC igone kuinzwisisa uye kuishandura kuita mafambiro.

Parizvino, kune mamwe mimwe michina yeCNC yakawedzera yepamusoro uye nyore kushandisa, kufanana neayo otomatiki angangoda kupindira kwevanhu kushoma.

CNC chirongwa

CNC chirongwa muenzaniso. Kunobva: Researchgate

Iyo inonzi chirongwa cheCNC, iyo yakanyorwa mu mutauro wakaderera unonzi G naM (yakamisikidzwa ne ISO 6983 uye EIA RS274) uye inoumbwa ne:

  • G-code: generic kufamba mirayiridzo. Semuyenzaniso, G anogona kufambira mberi, kufamba zvine mwero, kumbomira, kutenderera, zvichingodaro.
  • M-Codes: izvo zvisingaenderane nekufamba kana zvakasiyana. Mienzaniso yeM inogona kunge iri kutanga kana kumisa spindle, kushandura chishandiso, kushandisa inotonhorera, nezvimwe.
  • N: purogiramu yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu kana zvivharo zvemirayiridzo iyo ichave inotungamirirwa netsamba N. Chivharo chimwe nechimwe chinoverengwa, sezvo zviito zvekugadzira zvichiitwa sequentially. Muchina ucharemekedza nhamba.
  • Variables kana kero: Iyo kodhi inewo marudzi aya ehunhu, senge F ye feedrate, S yespindle kumhanya, T yekusarudza chishandiso, I, J, uye K yekutsvaga pakati pearc, X, Y, uye Z yekufamba kwe mbezo, etc.

Todo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemuchina. Semuyenzaniso, CNC muchina wepepa simbi kubhenda hauna kufanana neyekucheka. Yekutanga haina chekuruka uye haidi chinotonhorera.

cnc kodhi tafura

G uye M kodhi muenzaniso tafura

Kana ukatarisa tafura iri pamusoro, tinogona shandisa muenzaniso block kutsanangura zvinoitika. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira uine inotevera kodhi kana CNC chirongwa:

N3 G01 X12.500 Z32.000 F800

Iyi snippet diki yeCNC kodhi inenge ichiudza CNC muchina, kana uchinge washandurirwa mumabhinari, kuita. zviito zvinotevera:

  • N3 inoratidza kuti ibhuroko rechitatu richaitwa. Naizvozvo, paizova nemabhuroko maviri apfuura.
  • G01: ita mutsara wekufamba.
  • X12.500: yaizofambisa 12.5 mm pamwe neX axis.
  • Z32.000: yaizofamba 32 mm ichitevedza axis Z. Pakadai hapazovi nekufamba muY.
  • F800: Chikafu chinogadzirwa nekumhanya kwe800 mm / min.

APT mutauro

Kune rumwe rutivi, mutauro wakakodzera iwo mutauro wekuronga uchashandiswa sekodhi yepakati pakati peiyo yapfuura nekodhi yemuchina (bhinary code) inonzwisisika neMCU. Yakagadzirwa muMIT rabhoritari, naDouglas T. Ross. Kare ikako, muna 1956, yaishandiswa kudzora servomechanism, asi kushandiswa kwayo kwapararira uye yave chiyero chepasi rose chekudzora nhamba.

Zvakafungwa akatangira CAM, uye yakafanana nemimwe mitauro yakaita seFORTRAN. Iyi kodhi ichashandurwa nekombuta software kuita nhevedzano yemirairo yebhinari inozoiswa mundangariro yeCNC muchina microcontroller kuitira kuti ikwanise kuvaita, ichigadzira magetsi ekudzora masaini ekufambisa mota nemidziyo.

Uyu mutauro weAPT unogona kudzora akawanda parameters yemuchina weCNC:

  • Spindle kumhanya (RPM)
  • Spindle On or Off
  • Kutenderera
  • yakarongwa kumira
  • Refrigerant
  • Kufamba munzira dzese dzinobvira (XYZ neABC)
  • Nguva
  • dzokorora matenderera
  • trajectories
  • Etc.

Ehe, avo vanoshandisa CNC michina havafanire kuziva iyi APT mutauro, sezvo ikozvino software iri intuitive uye inobvumira kudzora kuri nyore, kushandura pachena APT kumushandisi kugadzira chikamu chakagadzirwa mukati. iyo CAD/CAM faira. Zvisinei, hazvimborwadzi kuziva kuti chiriko uye kuti chii.

Mazuva ano, michina yemazuva ano yeCNC yatove nayo graphical interfaces ine touch screens uye yakabatanidzwa komputa inofambisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwayo. Ivo vane intuitive zvakanyanya, uye havadi kudzidza kwakawanda. Kuburikidza nepeni dhiraivha kana USB ndangariro, ivo vanokubvumidza iwe kurodha dhizaini yechidimbu, saka inogona kugadzirwa pane imwe yakazvimirira komputa.

CNC mutungamiriri

El cnc-controller Ichava iyo inotarisira kududzira chirongwa cheCNC, mirairo yayo mukutevedzana, uye ichaita mafambiro anodiwa uye mabasa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

CAM / CAD chirongwa

Un CAD kana CAM software Ichashandiswa kugadzira dhizaini kana modhi yezvinotarisirwa kugadzirwa. Iyo yazvino software inotobvumira kuenda kubva kurudzi urwu rwemafomu kuenda kuCNC chirongwa otomatiki.

DNC system

Kana ari DNC (Direct Numerical Control), izwi rinoreva kombiyuta yakabatana netiweki kune imwe kana kupfuura CNC machines. Nenzira iyi, chirongwa cheCNC chinogona kuendeswa kumichina, ingave neEhternet, kana neakawanda ekare uye rudimentary ports seRS-232C serial ports, iyo ichiri kushandiswa mumichina yakawanda yemaindasitiri.

CNC muchina application

cnc michina vane maapplication akawanda kupfuura zvaunofungidzira. Zvizhinji zveindasitiri nemashopu, kubva padiki kusvika kune makuru, zvinoenderana nechimwe kana anopfuura ezvikwata izvi. Iwo anogona kutoshandiswa kumba kune mamwe mabasa eDIY evagadziri.

Kutandara (DIY nevagadziri)

Vagadziri vazhinji vakaita madiki CNC michina yemhando dzakasiyana kumba kugadzira mamwe mapurojekiti eDIY. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa nevanhu kuita mamwe mabasa kubva kumba:

  • Ita zvidimbu zvezvishongo.
  • Machining ezvigadzirwa kugadzira zvikamu kana zvikamu.
  • Gadzira zvikamu zvekugadzirisa mota kana mamwe marudzi emidziyo kana masipire asisatengeswi.
  • Ita mabasa eunyanzvi kana zvinyorwa.

Workshops uye indasitiri yekugadzira

Ehe saizvozvo, muchikamu chehunyanzvi, zvese mumashopu nemafekitori, zvakajairikawo kuona michina yeCNC, yese yekuveza, zvitoro zvekugadzirisa, kugadzira zvikamu, indasitiri yemachira, chikamu chemuchadenga, kushongedzwa, kugadzira kabati, nezvimwe. Semuyenzaniso:

  • Sheet simbi laser yekucheka.
  • Plasma welding.
  • Sarudza & Nzvimbo, kana kuisa zvikamu kana zvikamu munzvimbo yavo yegungano.
  • Kupeta mbariro, machubhu, ndiro…
  • Kuchera.
  • Kutenderera kana kugaya huni.
  • Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvetsika.
  • Modelling kana additive kugadzira.
  • Kusikwa kwemaimplants kana prostheses yekushandiswa kwekurapa.
  • Zvinyorwa.
  • Etc.

indasitiri yemagetsi

Kutaurwa kwakakosha kwakakodzera CNC michina yakashandiswawo muchikamu semakwikwi uye epamberi seayo zvemagetsi uye semiconductor indasitiri. Michina iyi inogona kuita nhamba huru yemabasa, akadai se:

  • Semiconductor wafer yekucheka.
  • Kugadzira kupisa sinks kubva kumhangura kana aluminium zvidhinha.
  • Kugadzirwa kwemakasi / zvimiro zvekombuta, terevhizheni, nharembozha, nezvimwe.
  • Sarudza & Nzvimbo yekuisa pamusoro pegomo zvinhu paPCB bhodhi panzvimbo yekuzotevera soldering.
  • Welding.
  • Laser engraving yemhando uye logos.
  • Kugadzira lenzi.
  • Etc.

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