MaGiya: zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve ma sprocket aya

ari magiya Ivo vari mune yakawanda yeazvino michina, kubva kune analogog wachi, kune mota injini, magiya mabhokisi, kuburikidza nemarobhoti, maprinta, uye mamwe akawanda mechatronic masystem. Kutenda kwavari, masystem ekufambisa anogona kugadzirwa uye opfuura kupfuura kufambisa kufamba, vanogona zvakare kuchichinja.

Naizvozvo, izvo zvakakosha zvinhu izvo iwe unofanirwa kuziva mashandiro avo Zvakarurama. Nenzira iyoyo, unogona kushandisa akakodzera magiya emapurojekiti ako uye unzwisise zvirinani mashandiro ainoita ...

Chii chinonzi giya?

Kune macheni masystem, pulley masystem, kukweshera mavhiri, nezvimwe. Vose zvavo hutachiwana masisitimu nezvakanaka nezvayakaipira. Asi yeavo vese, iyo giya system inomira kunze, ayo anowanzo kuve anodikanwa kune avo zvivakwa:

• Vanogona kumira masimba akakura nekuda kwemazino avo asingatsvete, sezvazvinogona kuita nekukweshera mavhiri kana pulleys.
• Iyo inodzoserwa sisitimu, inokwanisa kuendesa simba kana kufamba mune ese mativi.
• Vanobvumidza chaiyo chaiyo kufamba kwekutonga, sezvingaonekwa mune and injini, semuenzaniso.
• Vanobvumira kuti vagadzire compact hutachiona masisitimu pamberi pecheni kana pulleys.
• Saizi dzakasiyana dzinogona kusanganiswa kupindira nekutenderera kweiyo yega axis. Kazhinji, panoshandiswa matrocket maviri, iro giya hombe rinonzi vhiri nepini.

Un giya kana cogwheel hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwerudzi rwevhiri rine mazino akateedzana pamucheto waro wekunze kana wemukati, zvinoenderana nemhando yegiya iri. Aya mapuratifomu achave ari mukutenderera kutenderera kuti abudise torque pane shafts kwaakabatanidzwa, uye iwo anogona kuve akaunganidzwa pamwechete kuti agadzire akaomesesa magiya masisitimu, achisunga meno avo pamwechete.

Zviripachena, kuti izvo zvigoneke, mhando uye kukura kwemeno inofanira kufanana. Zvikasadaro ivo vanove vasingawirirane uye havangakwanise. Aya ma parameter anokurukurwa muchikamu chinotevera ...

Zvikamu zvegiya

Kuti magiya maviri akwane pamwe chete, hupamhi uye huwandu hwemazino hunogona kuve hwakasiyana, asi vanofanirwa kuremekedza nhevedzano yezvinhu zviri izvo zvinoita giya fambidzanai, senge mhando yezino ravanoshandisa, iwo zvimiro, nezvimwe.

Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo wapfuura, pane zvikamu zvakawanda mune giya iwe unofanirwa kuziva:

• Septum kana maoko: ndicho chikamu chiri kutarisira kubatanidza korona uye cube kuitira kufambisa kufamba. Zvinogona kuve zvakapetana kana zvishoma, uye kuumbwa kwayo nesimba zvinobva zvakanyanya pasimba nehuremu. Dzimwe nguva ivo vanowanzo kuboorwa kudzikisa huremu, dzimwe nguva chikamu chakasimba chinosarudzwa.
• The Cube: ndicho chikamu chinosungirirwa simbi yekufambisa yekufambisa uye inosungirirwa pachikamu.
• Corona: ndiyo nzvimbo yegiya uko mazino akachekwa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha, nekuti kuenderana, maitiro uye mashandiro egiya zvinoenderana nazvo.
• Tooth: ndeimwe yemeno kana protrusions yekorona. Zino rinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvinoverengeka:
  • Crest: chikamu chekunze kana muromo wezino.
  • Chiso nerutivi: chikamu chekumusoro nechepazasi cherutivi rweino zino, ndiko kuti, nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemavhiri maviri egiya iwo mesh.
  • Valle: chikamu chepazasi cheino zino kana nzvimbo yepakati pakati pemazino maviri, panoperera rimwe vhiri remazino iro raanogara naro.

Zvese izvi zvinogadzira nhevedzano ye korona geometri izvo zvinosiyanisa mhando nemidziyo yemagiya:

• Mudzi wedenderedzwa: inotaridza mupata kana pasi pemeno. Ndokunge, inoderedza dhayamita yemukati yegiya.
• Primitive denderedzwa: inosimbisa kupatsanurana pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvedivi rezino: kumeso nerutivi. Iyo yakakosha paramende, nekuti mamwe ese akatsanangurwa zvichibva pairi. Ichaparadzanisa zino muzvikamu zviviri, dedendum uye addendum.
  • Rutsoka rutsoka kana dedendum: ndiyo nzvimbo yepazasi yezino iri pakati pechitenderedzwa chepakutanga nemudzi wedenderedzwa.
  • Musoro wemeno kana addendum: yekumusoro nzvimbo yezino, iyo inoenda kubva kune yekutanga denderedzwa uye yekunze kutenderera.
• Musoro wedenderedzwa- ichaisa mucherechedzo wemazino, ndiko kuti, dhayamita yekunze yegiya.

Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, zvinoenderana nekorona, dhayamita uye mhando dzemeno, unogona kusiyanisa magiya maererano:

• Nhamba yemeno: ichatsanangura chiyero chegiya uye ndiyo imwe yematanho ekumisikidza kuona maitiro ayo muhurongwa hwekufambisa.
• Kureba kwezino: kukwirira kwese, kubva pamupata kusvika padanho.
• Denderedzwa danho: chinhambwe pakati pechikamu chimwe chezino uye chikamu chimwe chezino rinotevera. Ndokunge, meno ari kure zvakadii, zvinoenderanawo nenhamba.
• Ukobvu: ndiko kukora kweiyo giya.

Zvishandiso zveGear

ari giya mafomu kune akawanda, sekutaura kwandamboita kare. Mimwe yemashandisirwo ayo anoshanda ndeaya:

• Mota gearboxes.
• Stepper mota dzekuchinja kutonga.
• Hydraulic mabhomba.
• Injini dzemarudzi ese, sekushanduka kana kufamba zvinhu zvekufambisa.
• Nzira dzakasiyana.
• Maprinta kufambisa misoro kana rollers.
• Marobhoti ekufambisa zvikamu.
• Industrial michini.
• Analog wachi.
• Imba midziyo yemagetsi ine michina zvikamu.
• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvine zvikamu zvinofamba.
• Masuo ekuvhura mota.
• Matoyi efoni.
• Mashini epurazi.
• Aeronautics.
• Kugadzirwa kwesimba (mhepo, kudziya, ...).
• etc.

Iwe unogona kufunga nezve kuwanda kwemamwe mafomu emapurojekiti ako neArduino, marobhoti, nezvimwe. Unogona kuita michina yakawanda uye kutamba nekumhanya, nezvimwe.

Mhando dzegiya

Zvinoenderana nemazino ayo uye hunhu hwegiyo pachayo, iwe unayo mhando dzakasiyana dzegiya pamunwe wako, imwe neimwe iine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, saka zvakakosha kusarudza yakakodzera pane yega yega application.

ari mhando dzakajairika Ndizvo:

• Cylindrical: zvinoshandiswa pamatanho akafanana.
  • Yakarurama: ndiwo akajairika, anoshandiswa kana iri nyore giya isina kumhanya kwakanyanya kunodiwa.
  • Helical: iyo inguva yakati wandei vhezheni yeiyo yapfuura. Mavari mazino akarongedzwa nenzira dzakafanana helix nzira dzakakomberedza humburumbira (imwe kana mbiri). Ivo vane mukana wakajeka pamusoro pemitsara yakatwasuka, senge kunyarara, kushanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya, kunogona kuendesa simba rakawanda, uye kuve neyakafanana yunifomu uye yakachengeteka kufamba.
• Yakafanana: anoshandiswa kufambisa kufamba pakati pemasanhu akaiswa pamakona akasiyana, kunyangwe pa90º.
  • Yakarurama: vanoshandisa mazino akatwasanuka uye vanogovana hunhu neakarurama cylindrical iwo.
  • Spiral: mune ino kesi, ivo vanotsigira yakakwira kumhanya uye masimba, sezvakaitika kune helicals.
• Yemukati giya: Panzvimbo pekuve nemazino kana korona yakavezwa kunze, vanayo mukati. Ivo havana kufanana, asi iwo anoshandiswawo kumwe kunyorera.
• Mapuraneti: iyo seti yemagiya anoshandiswa mune mamwe masystem ekufambisa uko kune yepakati giya yakatenderedza iyo dzimwe diki dzinotenderera. Ndosaka iine zita iro, sezvo vachiita kunge vari kutenderera.
• Isingaperi screw: igiya rakajairika mune mamwe maindasitiri kana michina yemagetsi. Inoshandisa giya rine mazino akachekwa kuita chimiro chakatenderera. Ivo vanogadzira inomira kwazvo kumhanya uye pasina kudengenyeka kana ruzha. Ivo vanokwanisa kuendesa kune yakatwasuka yemazino vhiri ine axis yakaenzana kune iyo isingaperi sikuru.
• Rack uye pinion: iyo seti yemagiya ayo akajairika mune dzimwe nzira uye iyo inobvumidza kutenderera kufamba kweiyo axis kuti ishandurwe kuita mutsetse kufamba kana zvinopesana.

Kana iwe uchienda ku Kuumbwa kwake, iwe unogona zvakare kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvakadai se:

• Simbi: inowanzo gadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi, alloys emhangura, alloys aluminium, cast iron kana grey cast iron, magnesium alloys, nezvimwe.
• Mapurasitiki: anoshandiswa mumagetsi, matoyi, nezvimwe. Iwo polycarbonate, polyamide kana PVC magiya, acetal resini, PEEK polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), uye mvura yekristaro mapuroma (LCP).
• Madera: hazvisi zvakajairika, chete munzira dzekare kana mune mamwe matoyi.
• vamwe: zvinokwanisika kuti kune chaiwo kesi mamwe mafibhi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa.

Ndekupi kwekutenga magiya?

Unogona tsvaga mhando dzakasiyana dzegiya muzvitoro zvakawanda zvemagetsi kana zvemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, heino mimwe mienzaniso:

• Plastiki mota giya kit. Nemhando makumi matanhatu nenomwe dzakasiyana.
• Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
• Kit yematanhatu esimbi zvikamu, kusanganisira helicals.
• Plastic chokurukisa giya Kit.

Izvi zvigadzirwa zvidiki muhukuru, kana uchida magiya akakura zvingangodaro kuti hauzozviwana zviri nyore kudaro. Zvakare, kana iwe uchida chimwe chinhu chakanyatsojeka, akawanda ma Turner mashopu anogona zviitire iwe. The 3D printers ivo vari kubatsirawo vanogadzira kuti vagadzire avo magaera.

Dzakakosha kuverenga kwe sprocket system

Sezvauri kuona mune ino GIF, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kana maviri magiya mesh, ese ari maviri matemo inotenderera nenzira yakatarisana uye kwete mupfungwa imwechete. Sezvauri kuona, kana iwe ukatarisa iyo tsvuku jagged rue iri kutendeukira kurudyi, nepo yebhuruu iri kutendeukira kuruboshwe.

Naizvozvo, kuti axis itenderere munzira imwechete zvingave zvakakodzera kuwedzera rimwe vhiri rekuwedzera, senge regirini. Nenzira iyo, tsvuku uye girini zvinotenderera munzira imwechete. Izvi zvinodaro, sezvo bhuruu ichitenderedzwa kuruboshwe, kana uchiita bhuruu-girini, girini inodzosera iko kutenderera kwekutenderera zvakare, ichienderana nered.

Chimwe chinhu chinogona kutendwa mune iyo GIF ndeye kumhanya kutendeuka. Dai magiya ese aive nehupamhi hwakaenzana uye kuwanda kwemazino, miseve yese ingadai ichitenderera nesipidhi imwechete. Kune rimwe divi, kana iro zino nhamba / dhayamita zvachinjwa, kumhanya kwacho kuchinjwazve. Sezvauri kuona mune ino kesi, tsvuku ndiyo inotenderera nekuchimbidza, sezvo iine dhayamita diki, nepo bhuruu ichitenderera nepakati nepakati uye girini ndiyo inotenderera yakanonoka.

Mukupindura izvi, zvinokwanisika kufunga kuti kutamba nemasaizi acho kumhanya kunogona kuchinjwa. Warevesa, sekugona kunoita bhasikoro nemagiya kana iro giya bhokisi rinozviita nemagear ratios emota. Uye kwete izvo chete, iwe unogona zvakare kuita kuverenga pane yekumhanyisa kumhanya.

Paunenge uine magiya maviri akakwenenzverwa, imwe diki (pinion) uye imwe hombe (vhiri), zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika:

• Kana isu tichifungidzira kuti mota kana traction inoiswa kune iyo pinion uye vhiri rinotyairwa, kunyangwe iyo pinion inotenderera nekumhanyisa kumhanya, iine vhiri hombe, inozvidzora pasi, ichiita se yokuderedza. Chete kana iwo aive akaenzana saizi (pinion = vhiri) maasi ese mairi aigona kutenderera panguva imwechete.
• Kune rimwe divi, kana isu tichifungidzira kuti ndiro vhiri rine chinobata uye kumhanya kunoiswa kwariri, kunyangwe iri pasi, iyo pinion ichave ichitenderera nekukurumidza, nekuti saizi yayo diki inoshanda se kuwedzera.

MaGiya ekufambisa kuverenga

Kana iwe uchinge wanzwisisa izvi, unogona kuita kuverenga kweyakareruka hutachiona system pakati pemaviri magiya nekushandisa fomura:

N1 Z1 = N2 Z2

Iko Z iri huwandu hwemazino egiya 1 ne2 ari meshed uye N ndiko kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemashafts muRPM (kumukira paminiti kana kumukira paminiti). Nekuti ejemplo, fungidzira kuti muGIF iri pamusoro, kurerutsa:

• Tsvuku (dhiraivha) = 4 mazino uye mota irikuisa kutenderera kumhanya kune shaft yayo ye7 RPM.
• Bhuruu = 8 mazino
• Girini = 16 mazino

Kana iwe uchida kuverenga kutendeuka mune ino system, unofanira kutanga kuverenga kumhanya kwebhuruu:

4 7 = 8 z

z = 4 7/8

z = 3.5RPM

Ndokunge, shaft yeblue yaizotendeuka pa3.5 RPM, yakati nonokei kupfuura iyo 4 RPM yeiyo tsvuku. Kana iwe waida kuverenga kutendeuka kwegirini, ikozvino zvaunoziva kumhanya kwebhuruu:

8 3.5 = 16 z

z = 8 3.5/16

z = 1.75

Sezvauri kuona, girini yaizotenderera pa1.75 RPM, iyo inononoka kupfuura bhuruu uye girini. Uye chii chingaitika kana mota iri pane yakasvibira axis uye vhiri rekutyaira riri kutenderera pa4 RPM, ipapo kutenderera kungave 8 RPM yebhuruu, 16 RPM kune tsvuku.

Izvi zvinotevera kuti, kana vhiri rekutyaira riri diki, kumhanya kwakaderera kunowanikwa pane yekupedzisira shaft, asi simba rakakura. Muchiitiko chekuti ndiro vhiri hombe rinotakura chidhiraivho, vhiri diki rinowana kumhanyisa kukuru, asi kushoma simba. Nekuti ipapo masimba kana torque zvakasiyana? Tarisa uone iyi fomula:

P = T ω

Iko P isimba rinofambiswa ne shaft mu watts (W), T ndiyo torque yakagadzirwa (Nm), ω iyo angular velocity iyo iyo shaft inotenderera (rad / s). Kana simba remota rikachengetedzwa uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kuwanda kana kuderedzwa, ipapo T. inochinjwazve.Izvowo zvinoitika kana T ikachengetwa nguva dzose uye kumhanya kwakasiyana, saka P inoshandurwa.

Iwe pamwe unodawo kuverenga kana axis inotenderera paX RPM, yakawanda sei iyo yaizofambira mberi zvine mutsetse, ndokuti, iyo mitsetse velocity. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti mune tsvuku une mota yeDC uye pane yakasvibirira axis wakaisa vhiri kuti mota ifambe pamusoro. Yaizokurumidza zvakadii?

Kuti uite izvi, iwe unongofanirwa kuverenga kutenderera kwetaya yawakaisa. Kuti uite izvi, wedzera dhayamita naPi uye ichakupa iyo yakatenderera. Kuziva izvo vhiri rinogona kufambira mberi nekutendeuka kwega kwega uye uchifunga izvo zvinotenderera mineti imwe neimwe, kumhanyisa mutsara kunogona kuwanikwa ...

Pano ini ndinokuratidza vhidhiyo kuti iwe ugone kunzwisisa izvi neimwe nzira iri nani:

Kuverenga kwehonye uye sprocket

Kana ari honye giya uye sprocket, inogona kuverengerwa nefomula:

i = 1 / Z

Izvi ndezvekuti sikuruu inoonekwa mune ino sisitimu imwechete yezino yakatemwa helically. Saka kana iwe uine 60 mazino sprocket, semuenzaniso, ipapo ichave 1/60 (izvi zvinoreva kuti sikuruu inofanirwa kutendeuka ka60 kuti sprocket ipedze 1 kutendeuka). Uye zvakare, iwo mashandiro asingadzoreke senge vamwe, ndokuti, chipenga hachikwanise kutenderedzwa kuitira kuti honye itenderere, honye chete ndiyo inogona kuve shaft yekutyaira pano.

Rack uye pinion kuverenga

Zve system Rack uye pinion, kuverenga kunoshanduka zvakare, mune iyi kesi vari:

V = (p Z N) / 60

Ndokunge, wedzera kukanda kwemazino epinion (mumamita), nenhamba yemazino emapinki, uye nenhamba yepinion anotendeuka (muRPM). Uye izvo zvakapatsanurwa nemakumi matanhatu. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira iwe uine system ine 60 zino pini, iyo 30m pani, uye 0.025 RPM kutenderera kumhanya:

V = (0.025) / 30

V = 0.5 m / s

Ndokunge, yaizoenderera mberi hafu yemita sekondi yega yega. Uye, mune ino kesi, hongu inodzoserwaNdokunge, kana iro rack rakafambiswa kureba, iyo pinion inogona kuitwa kutenderera.

Iwe unogona kunyange kuverenga kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti ufambe chinhambwe nekutarisa fomura yeiyo yunifomu mutsara kufamba (v = d / t), ndiko kuti, kana velocity yakaenzana nedaro rakakamurwa nenguva, saka nguva inojekeswa:

t = d / v

Naizvozvo, uchitoziva kumhanya uye daro raunoda kuverenga, semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti iwe unoda kuverenga kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti ufambe mita imwe:

t = 1 / 0.5

t = 2 masekondi

Ndinovimba ndakubatsira iwe kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanyanya kukosha pamusoro pemagiya, kuti unzwisise mashandiro avo uye nemashandisiro aungaita iwo mukana wako mumapurojekiti ako emangwana.