Mhando dze 3D printers uye maitiro avo

mhando dze3d printers

Muchinyorwa chakapfuura takagadzira rudzi rwesumo kune nyika ye3D printers. Iye zvino yave nguva yekudzika zvishoma mune iyi tekinoroji, tichiziva zvakawanda nezvezvakavanzika zvinovanzwa nezvikwata izvi, pamwe ne marudzi e 3D printers aripo. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza chakakodzera, sezvo vese vaine zvakanakira uye nekuipa kwavo, saka pachagara paine imwe inoenderana nezvaunoda.

Mhando dze 3D printers zvichienderana nekudhinda matekinoroji

Mhando dze 3D printers dzakawanda kwazvo, uye inogona kuiswa maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Heano mamwe akanyanya kukosha:

mhuri huru

3D purinda

Sezvinongoita maprinta akajairwa anewo mhuri dzinoverengeka, 3D maprinta anogona kuiswa zvakanyanya mukati Mapoka maviri:

  • Tinta: haisi inki yakajairika, asi musanganiswa wehupfu seselulosi kana plaster. Iyo printer ichavaka modhi kubva kune iyi conglomerate yeguruva.
Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Isingadhuri nzira yekugadzira muhukuru hukuru. Zvidimbu zvisina kusimba zvakanyanya zvinoda kurapwa kuomesa.
  • Laser/LED (Optics): ndiyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa mu 3D resin printers. Izvo zvine mvura mudhishi uye zvinoiswa pasi pekuratidzwa kwelaser kuomesa resin uye kurapa kweUV kuti kuome. Ndizvo zvinoita resin (acrylic-based photopolymer) inoshandurwa kuita chidimbu chakasimba chine chimiro chinodiwa.
Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Iwe unogona kudhinda maumbirwo akaoma zvikuru. Dzinodhura.
Kunyanya kudhinda kwepamusoro. Zvimwe zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kana nyanzvi.
Yakanakisa yekumusoro kupedzisa inoda zvishoma kana kusagadzika post-kugadzirisa. Dzinogona kugadzira mhute dzine muchetura, saka hadzina kunyatsokodzera dzimba.
  • Jekiseni: ndeaya anonyanya kushandisa filaments (kazhinji thermoplastic) akadai sePLA, ABS, Tuvalu, naironi, nezvimwe. Pfungwa iri kuseri kwemhuri iyi kugadzira zvimiro nekuisa zvidimbu zvakanyungudutswa zvezvinhu izvi (zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana-siyana). Mhedzisiro yacho chidimbu chakasimba, kunyangwe ichinonoka uye iine kushomeka kweiyo laser.
Kubatsirwa payakaipira
inokwanisika mhando. Vanononoka.
Inokurudzirwa kune vanoita zvekutamba, kushandiswa kwemba, uye dzidzo. Vanoumba muenzaniso muzvikamu, uye zvichienderana nehupamhi hwefilament, kupedzisa kunogona kuva kwehurombo.
Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvekusarudza kubva. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinotsamira pazvitsigiso zvinofanirwa kudhindwa kuti zvibate chikamu.
Mibairo yakasimba. Vanoda mamwe post-processing.
Kune akawanda ekugadzira uye modhi yekusarudza kubva.
Mamwe maprinta e3D, akadai sekongiri kana bioprinting, anogona kunge ari pane imwe yemhuri idzi, asi aine mamwe magadzirirwo.

Kana mhuri idzi dzangozivikanwa, muzvikamu zvinotevera tichadzidza zvakawanda nezvemumwe nemumwe wavo uye matekinoroji angave aripo.

Resin uye/kana optical 3D printers

ari resin uye optical 3D printers Iwo ndiwo mamwe eakaomesesa uye ane mhedzisiro yakanakisa mukupedzisa kwavo, asi iwowo anowanzo kudhura zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanozodawo mimwe michina yakadai sekugeza uye kurapa mune dzimwe nguva, sezvo mabasa aya asina kubatanidzwa muprinta pachayo (kana mune zviitiko apo kuchenesa zvikamu muMSLA kunonetsa).

  • Yakagezwa: Mushure mekudhinda chikamu che 3D, nzira yekugeza inodiwa. Asi pachinzvimbo chekukwesha nekupfapfaidza kuchenesa chikamu, unogona kutora chikamu chakapedzwa kubva pachikuva chekuvaka uye kushandisa michina yekuwachisa. Izvi zvinozoita seautomatic car wash, ine propeller inotenderera magineti mukati uye inobvongodza mvura yekuchenesa (tangi rizere ne isopropyl alcohol -IPA-) mukati me hermetically sealed cabin.
  • Cura: mushure mekuchenesa, inofanirwawo kuporesa chidimbu, kureva, kutarisana nemirairo ye ultraviolet inoshandura zvinhu zvepolymer uye kuomesa. Kuti uite izvi, chiteshi chekurapa chinobvisa chikamu kubva pamvura yekuchenesa payakanyura, inoomesa ichichitenderedza kuti isvike kumativi ese. Kana izvi zvangoitwa, UV LED bar ichatanga kurapa chidimbu, sekunge ihovhoni.

SLA (Stereo Lithography)

Uyu stereolithography nzira inzira yechinyakare yakagadziridzwa maprinta e3D. A photosensitive liquid resin inoshandiswa iyo inoomesa munzvimbo dzinorohwa laser beam. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mitsara inogadzirwa kusvikira chidimbu chakapedzwa chawanikwa.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Smooth surface finish. Mutengo wakakwirira.
Inokwanisa kudhinda maitiro akaoma. Kusanyanya kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvakanakisa zvezvikamu zvidiki. Inoda kurapa maitiro mushure mekudhinda.
Kurumidza Iwe haugone kudhinda zvikamu zvakakura.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusarudza kubva. Aya maprinta haasi akanyanya kusimba uye akasimba.
Compact uye nyore kutakura.

SLS (Inosarudza Laser Sintering)

Ndiyo imwe nzira ye inosarudza laser sintering zvakafanana neDLP neSLA, asi panzvimbo yemvura poda ichashandiswa. Iyo laser beam ichanyunguduka uye inonamatira iyo huruva particles layer ne layer kusvika iyo yekupedzisira modhi yaumbwa. Zvakanakira nzira iyi ndezvekuti iwe unogona kushandisa akawanda akasiyana zvinhu (naironi, simbi,…) kugadzira zvikamu zvakaoma kugadzira uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare senge mold kana extrusion.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Batch kudhinda kunogona kuitwa nenzira iri nyore.  Nhamba shoma yezvinhu.
Mutengo wekudhinda unokwanisika. Iyo haibvumire kudzokororwa kwezvinhu.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika pautano.
Zvidimbu zvakanyanyisa. Zvidimbu zvine brittle.
Yakanakira kushandiswa kwekuyedza. Post-processing inonetsa.
Unogona kudhinda zvikamu zvakakura.

DLP (Digital Light Processing)

Iyi tekinoroji ye digital light processing imwe mhando ye 3D inodhinda yakafanana neSLA, uye inoshandisawo light-hardened liquid photopolymers. Nekudaro, mutsauko uri mune mwenje sosi, iyo mune iyi kesi idhijitari yekuratidzira skrini, inotarisisa pane iyo iyo resin inoda kuomesa, ichimhanyisa kudhinda kuenzaniswa neSLA.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Yekumusoro kudhinda kumhanya. Zvekushandisa zvisina kuchengetedzeka.
Kurongeka kukuru. Zvekushandisa zvine mutengo wakakwira.
Inogona kuva yakanaka kune dzakasiyana nzvimbo dzekushandisa.
3D printer ine mutengo wakaderera.

MSLA (Yakavanzika SLA)

Iyo yakavakirwa paSLA tekinoroji, uye inogovera akawanda ayo maficha, asi imhando ye yakavharidzirwa SLA tekinoroji. Ndiko kuti, inoshandisa dhizaini ye LED senge UV mwenje sosi. Mune mamwe mazwi, ine LCD skrini iyo inoburitswa mwenje inofanana nechimiro chedhiza, inofumura resin yese kamwechete uye kuwana kumhanya kwepamusoro kudhinda. Ndiko kuti, skrini iri kuburitsa zvimedu kana zvimedu.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Smooth surface finish. Mutengo wakakwirira.
Inokwanisa kudhinda maitiro akaoma. Kusanyanya kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kudhinda kumhanya. Inoda kurapa maitiro mushure mekudhinda.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusarudza kubva. Iwe haugone kudhinda zvikamu zvakakura.
Compact uye nyore kutakura. Aya maprinta haasi akanyanya kusimba uye akasimba.

DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) kana DMLS (PolyJet Yakananga Metal Laser Sintering)

Muchiitiko ichi, inogadzira zvinhu nenzira yakafanana neSLS, asi musiyano ndewekuti poda haina kunyungudutswa, asi inopisa nelaser kusvika inogona kusanganisa pamwero wemolecular. Nekuda kwekunetsekana, zvidimbu zvacho zvinowanzoita brittle, kunyangwe zvichigona kuiswa kune inotevera yekupisa maitiro kuita kuti zvirambe zvakanyanya. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri kugadzira simbi kana alloy zvikamu.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Inobatsira zvikuru mumaindasitiri. zviso.
Vanogona kushandiswa pakudhinda simbi zvikamu. Kazhinji ivo vakakura.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Zvikamu zvinogona kuva brittle.
Zvidimbu zvakanyanyisa. Inoda post-process inosanganisira annealing kusanganisa simbi kana mamwe marudzi ezvishandiso.
Unogona kudhinda zvimedu zvehukuru hwakasiyana.

Extrusion kana deposition (jekiseni)

Kana tichitaura nezve mhuri yemaprinta anoshandisa deposition techniques uchishandisa zvinhu extruders, munhu anogona kusiyanisa anotevera matekinoroji:

FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling)

Aya maitiro ekuenzanisira kuisa zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kuumba chiumbwa nenhokwe. Kana filament ichipisa uye ichinyunguduka, inopfuura neextruder uye musoro unofamba mumakongisheni eXY anoratidzwa nefaira ine modhi yekudhinda. Kune imwe chiyero shandisa Z offset kune anoteedzana maseru.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Yakavharwa. Iwo michina mikuru yeindasitiri.
Yakasiyana-siyana yezvigadzirwa zvekusarudza kubva. Havasi zvakachipa.
Hunhu hwakanaka hunopera. Vanoda kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda.

FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)

Kusiyana pakati peFDM neFFF? Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva ichishandiswa sechirevo, FDM ishoko rinoreva teknolojia yakagadzirwa neStratasys muna 1989. Kusiyana neizvi, izwi rokuti FFF rine zvakafanana, asi rakagadzirwa nevagadziri veRepRap muna 2005.

Nekuzivikanwa kwemaprinta e3D uye FDM patent kupera muna 2009, nzira yakagadzirirwa maprinta matsva ane mutengo wakaderera ane tekinoroji yakafanana inonzi FFF:

  • FDM: michina mikuru uye yakavharwa yekushandisa muinjiniya uye nemhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro.
  • FFF: maprinta akavhurika, akachipa, uye ane mibairo mishoma uye isingaenderane kune maapplication ayo maparts ane chaiwo zvivakwa zvinodiwa.
Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Izvo zvakachipa. Yakakasharara pamusoro pezvidimbu.
Iyo filament inogona kushandiswa zvakare. Warping (deformation) inowanzoitika. Kureva kuti, chikamu chechinhu chauri kudhinda chakakomberedzwa kumusoro nekuda kwekusiyana kwetembiricha pakati pema layer.
Iwo ari nyore. Iyo muromo inenge yakavharika.
Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa kusarudza kubva. Vanotora nguva yakareba kuti vadhinde.
Iwo ari compact uye ari nyore kutakura. Layer shift matambudziko nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuomerera pakati pematanho.
Unogona kuwana iwo ese ari maviri apera uye mumakiti ekuunganidza. Nzvimbo nyoro.
Mubhedha kana tsigiro inoda kugadzikiswa.

Mamwe marudzi emhando yepamusoro 3D printers

Kunze kwemhando dziri pamusoro dzemaprinta e3D, kana matekinoroji ekuprinda, kune mamwe angave asina mukurumbira pakushandiswa pamba, asi ari dzinonakidza kuindasitiri kana kutsvagisa:

MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) kana MJ (Zvekuita Jetting)

Imwe tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D yaunogona kuwana ndeye MJF kana kungoti MJ. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, iri a nzira inoshandisa jekiseni rezvinhu. Mhando dzemaprinta e3D akagamuchira iyi nzira yekudhinda anonyanya kuitirwa indasitiri yezvishongo, kuwana mhando yepamusoro nekubaya mazana emadonhwe madiki ephotopolymer obva aenda kuburikidza neUV (ultraviolet) mwenje wekurapa (solidification).

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Yekumusoro kudhinda kumhanya. Iyo haina ceramic zvinhu zvinotengeswa zviripo panguva ino.
Inokodzera kushandiswa kwebhizinesi. Tekinoroji haina kunyanya kupararira.
High degree ye otomatiki panguva yekudhinda uye post-processing process.

SLM (Inosarudza Laser Inonyungudika)

Iyo tekinoroji yepamusoro, ine yakanyanya-simba-laser sosi, uye 3D maprinta erudzi urwu ane mitengo yakakwira, saka inoitirwa kushandiswa nehunyanzvi. Neimwe nzira, iwo akafanana neSLS optical tekinoroji, inosarudza fusing nelaser. Yakanyanya kushandiswa mu kusarudza kunyungudutsa simbi upfu uye gadzira zvimedu zvakasimba zvakaturikidzana ne layer, saka unodzivirira mamwe marapirwo anotevera.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Iwe unogona kudhinda zvikamu zvesimbi nemhando dzakaoma. Nhamba shoma yezvinhu.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye chaiyo uye yakasimba chikamu. Dzinodhura uye dzakakura.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Simba rayo rinoshandiswa rakakwirira.
Inokodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.

EBM (Electron Beam Inyauka)

Iyo tekinoroji ye electron beam fusion inzira yekuwedzera yekugadzira yakafanana neSLM, uye yakadzika midzi muindasitiri yemuchadenga. Inokwanisawo kugadzira mhando dzakasimba uye dzakasimba, asi musiyano ndewekuti panzvimbo yelaser, danda reerekitironi rinoshandiswa kunyungudutsa hupfu hwesimbi. Iyi tekinoroji yekushandisa mumaindasitiri inogona kunyungudika patembiricha ye1000ºC.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Iwe unogona kudhinda zvikamu zvesimbi nemhando dzakaoma. Yakanyanya kushomeka huwandu hwezvinhu, sezvo parizvino inogona kungoshandiswa kune mamwe masimbi akadai secobalt-chromium kana titanium alloys.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye chaiyo uye yakasimba chikamu. Dzinodhura uye dzakakura.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Simba rayo rinoshandiswa rakakwirira.
Inokodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Vanoda vashandi vanokwanisa uye matanho ekudzivirira ekushandisa kwavo.

BJ (Binder Jetting)

Ndiyo imwe yemhando dziripo dze 3D printers, ine tekinoroji inoshandiswa padanho reindasitiri. Muchiitiko ichi, shandisa hupfu sehwaro pakugadzira zvidimbu, nebhainda kuti riite zvidimbu. Ndiko kuti, inoshandisa hupfu hwezvinhu pamwe chete nemhando yekunamatira iyo inozobviswa gare gare kuitira kuti chigadziko chisara. Aya marudzi emaprinta anogona kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sepurasita, simende, simbi zvidimbu, jecha, uye kunyange mapolima.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Yakasiyana-siyana yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvimedu. Vanogona kunge vakakura muhukuru.
Unogona kudhinda zvinhu zvikuru. Dzinodhura.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Haikodzeri kushandiswa mudzimba.
Inokodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Zvingave zvakakosha kugadzirisa modhi kune imwe neimwe kesi.

Concrete kana 3DCP

Imhando yekudhinda inowana kufarira kwakanyanya kuindasitiri yekuvaka. 3DCP inomirira 3D Concrete Printing, kureva kuti, 3D kudhinda simende. Nzira yekombuta-inobatsira kugadzira zvimiro zvesimende ne extrusion kuti iite zvidimbu uye nekudaro kuvaka madziro, dzimba, nezvimwe.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Vanogona kuvaka zvivakwa nekukurumidza. Vanogona kunge vakakura muhukuru.
Ivo vanofarira zvikuru chikamu chekuvaka. Zvinodhura uye zvakaoma.
Vanogona kubvumira kuvakwa kwedzimba dzakachipa uye dzakasimba. Imwe neimwe kesi inozoda kugadzirisa iyo 3D printer chaizvo.
Kuvandudza kwakakosha kwekuumbwa kwemamwe mapuraneti.

LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing)

Iyo LOM inosanganisira mamwe marudzi e3D maprinta anoshandiswa kune rolling kugadzira. Kune izvi, machira, mapepa emapepa, machira kana simbi mahwendefa, epurasitiki, nezvimwewo anoshandiswa, kuisa pepa neshiti kune akaturikidzana uye kushandisa adhesive kuti abatanidze iwo, mukuwedzera kushandisa maindasitiri ekucheka matekiniki kugadzira chimiro, senge. inogona kuve laser kucheka.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Vanogona kuvaka zvivakwa zvakasimba. Iwo haasi compact 3D printers.
Kugona kwekusarudza pakati pezvakasiyana zvakanyanya mbishi zvinhu. Zvinodhura uye zvakaoma.
Vanogona kunge vaine zvikumbiro muchikamu cheaeronautical kana muchikamu chemakwikwi kune mamwe makombiji. Vanoda vashandi vanokwanisa.

DOD (Drop on Demand)

Imwe nzira ye kudonha pakudiwa inoshandisa 'inki' jeti mbiri, imwe ichiisa zvinhu zvekuvakisa uye imwe inonyungudika yezvitsigiso. Nenzira iyi, inovaka layer ne layer, ichishandisa maturusi ekuwedzera kugadzira modhi, senge nhunzi-inocheka inokwenenzvera nzvimbo iri kuvakwa. Nenzira iyi, inowana nzvimbo yakatsetseka, ndosaka ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muindastiri uko kunodiwa kurongeka kwakanyanya, sekugadzira mold.

Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Yakakwana yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Vanogona kunge vakakura muhukuru.
Kurongeka kukuru mukupedzisa. Zvinodhura uye zvakaoma.
Vanogona kudhinda zvinhu zvikuru. Vanoda vashandi vanokwanisa.
Haidi zvinotsigirwa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma.

MME (Metal Material Extrusion)

Iyi nzira yakafanana zvikuru neFFF kana FDM, kureva kuti, inosanganisira extrusion yepolymer. Musiyano ndewekuti uyu polymer ine hupfu hwesimbi yakakwira. Nokudaro, pakugadzira chimiro, post-processing (debonding uye sintering) inogona kuitwa kuti igadzire chikamu chakasimba chesimbi.

UAM (Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing)

Iyi imwe nzira inoshandisa simbi mapepa akaturikidzana ne layer uye akabatanidzwa pamwechete ultrasound kusanganisa nzvimbo uye kugadzira chikamu chakasimba.

bioprinting

Pakupedzisira, pakati pemhando dze 3D printers, imwe yemhando yepamusoro uye inonakidza yekushandiswa kwekurapa, pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mumhizha, haigoni kushayikwa. Ndezve bioprinting tekinoroji, iyo inogona kuve yakavakirwa pane dzimwe nzira dzakapfuura, asi nehunyanzvi. Semuyenzaniso, pane zviitiko umo ivo vakavakirwa pane layer deposition, bioink jets (bioink), laser-assisted bioprinting, pressure, microextrusion, SLA, direct cell extrusion, magnetic technologies, etc. Zvose zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwaunoda kuchipa, sezvo chimwe nechimwe chine zvakanakira uye zvachisingakwanisi.

3D bioprinting ine zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinova:

  1. Pre-bioprinting: inzira yekugadzira modhi, senge 3D modelling uchishandisa 3D kudhinda software. Asi, mune iyi kesi, matanho akaomarara anodiwa kuti uwane yakataurwa modhi, ine bvunzo dzakadai sebiopsies, computed tomography, magineti resonance imaging, nezvimwe. Nenzira iyi unogona kuwana modhi inotumirwa kunodhinda.
  2. bioprinting: Kana izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa zvichishandiswa, senge zvigadziriso zvemvura zvine maseru, matrices, zvinovaka muviri, bio-inks, nezvimwewo, uye zvinoiswa mudhinda cartridge kuitira kuti printa itange kugadzira iyo tishu, nhengo kana chinhu.
  3. Post-bioprinting: ndiyo nzira isati yadhindwa, sezvazvaive ne 3D kudhinda, kune zvakare akasiyana maitiro apfuura. Ivo vanogona kuve kugadzira yakagadzikana chimiro, tishu maturation, vasculature, nezvimwe. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, bioreactors inodiwa kune izvi.
Kubatsirwa payakaipira
Kugona kwekudhinda micheka yekurarama. Kuoma kunzwisisa.
Inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushomeka kwemitezo yekuisa. Mutengo wemidziyo yepamusoro iyi.
Bvisa chido chekuongororwa kwemhuka. Kudiwa kwepre-processing, kuwedzera kune post-processing.
Speed ​​​​uye nemazvo. Tichiri mumatanho ekuedza.

Mhando dze 3D printers zvinoenderana nezvinhu

Reel pamusoro PLA 3d purinda

Imwe nzira yekutarisa 3D maprinta ndeye rudzi rwezvinhu zvavanogona kudhinda pazviri, kunyangwe mamwe maprinta emumba uye maindasitiri e3D achigamuchira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudhinda (chero bedzi aine maitiro akafanana, senge melting point,…), sezvinoita mudhindi wemazuva ese anogona kushandisa marudzi akasiyana emapepa.

simbi 3D printers

simbi yakadhindwa

Masimbi ese haana kunyatso kuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dze 3D printers. Muchokwadi, kushandisa mamwe matekinoroji anoonekwa pamusoro, mashoma chete anogona kubatwa. The yakajairika simbi upfu anoshandiswa mukuwedzera kugadzira ndeaya:

  • Stainless simbi (marudzi akasiyana)
  • Tool simbi (ine akasiyana kabhoni kuumbwa)
  • Titanium alloys.
  • Aluminium alloys.
  • Nickel-based superalloys, senge Inconel (an austenitic Ni-Cr alloy).
  • Cobalt-chrome alloys.
  • Copper based alloys.
  • Simbi dzakakosha (goridhe, sirivheri, platinamu,…).
  • Exotic simbi (palladium, tantalum,…).

3D chikafu maprinta

nyama yakadhindwa

Kunobva: REUTERS/Amir Cohen

Zvakawanda uye zvakajairika kuwana 3D printers kugadzira chikafu kushandisa nzira dzekuwedzera dzekugadzira. Muchiitiko ichi, mamwe anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya:

  • Inoshanda zvikamu (prebiotics, probiotics, minerals, mavitamini, mafuta acids, phytochemicals uye mamwe antioxidants).
  • Fiber.
  • Mafuta
  • Mhando dzakasiyana dzemakabhohaidhiretsi, akadai sehupfu uye shuga.
  • Mapuroteni (mhuka kana muriwo) kugadzira nyama-yakafanana nenyama.
  • Hydrogels, senge gelatin, uye alginate.
  • Chocolates.

Plastic 3D printers

3D mapurasitiki

Ehezve, chimwe chezvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinhu zve 3D kudhinda, kunyanya kumba 3D anodhinda, ndeye mapolima:

Kuve nemukurumbira uye kuwanda, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa kunyanya kwavari.
  • Plastiki sePLA, ABS, PET, PC, nezvimwe.
  • High-performance mapolymers akadai sePEEK, PEKK, ULTEM, nezvimwe.
  • Textile-type synthetic polyamides yakadai senaironi kana naironi.
  • Mvura inonyungudika seHIPS, PVA, BVOH, nezvimwe.
  • Inochinjika seTPE kana TPU, senge iyo yesilicone nharembozha makesi.
  • Polymerization-based resins.

Zvakare, kana uchizoshandisa 3D printer kudhinda zvinhu zvekushandisa muchikafu, senge makapu, magirazi, ndiro, cutlery, nezvimwe, unofanirwa kuziva kuti chii mapurasitiki akachengeteka ezvekudya:

  • PLA, PP, co-polyester, PET, PET-G, HIPS, naironi 6, ABS, ASA uye PEI. Kana uchizvishandisa kugeza mudhishi yekugezesa kana kushingirira tembiricha yakakwira, rasa naironi, PLA nePET, sezvo dzichida kukanganisa patembiricha iri pakati pe60-70ºC.

Biomaterials

bioprinted vascular system

Kunobva: BloodBusiness.com

Kana zvakadaro 3D bioprinting, iwe unogona zvakare kuwana akasiyana siyana ezvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa:

  • synthetic polymers.
  • Poly-L-lactic asidhi.
  • Biomolecules, zvakadai seDNA.
  • Low viscosity bioins ine maseru mukumiswa (maseru chaiwo kana stem masero). Ne hyaluronic acid, collagen, nezvimwe.
  • Metals for prosthetics.
  • Mapuroteni.
  • Composites.
  • Gelatin agarose.
  • photosensitive zvinhu.
  • Acrylics uye epoxy resins.
  • Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
  • Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)
  • Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
  • Polyurethane
  • Polyvinyl doro (PVA)
  • Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)
  • Chitosan
  • Zvimwe paste, hydrogel uye zvinwiwa.

Composites uye mahybrids

kabhoni faibha, composites

Kune vamwewo hybrid compounds ye 3D printers, kunyange zvazvo inowanzova yakawanda uye yakasiyana-siyana:

  • PLA-yakavakirwa (70% PLA + 30% zvimwe zvinhu), sehuni, bamboo, mvere dzemakwai, cork filaments, nezvimwe.
  • Composites (carbon fiber, fiberglass, kevlar, nezvimwewo).
  • Alumina (musanganiswa wemapolymers uye aluminium poda).
  • Ceramics. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeye porcelain, terracotta, nezvimwe.
    • Metal oxides: alumina, zircon, quartz, nezvimwe.
    • Non-oxide yakavakirwa: silicon carbides, aluminium nitride, nezvimwe.
    • Bioceramics: senge hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nezvimwe.
  • Cement-based compounds, zvakadai semhando dzakasiyana dzedhaka nekongiri.
  • Nanomaterials uye akangwara zvinhu.
  • Uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuuya.

Maererano nekushandiswa

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaprinta e3D anogonawo kunyorwa maererano nekushandisa chii chichapiwa:

Industrial 3D printers

indasitiri 3d printer

ari maindasitiri 3D anodhinda Ivo imhando chaiyo yekudhinda. Ivo vanowanzo vane matekinoroji epamberi, mukuwedzera kuhukuru hwakakura muhukuru, uye mutengo pazviuru zveeuro. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa muindasitiri, kugadzirwa nekukurumidza, chaizvo uye muhuwandu hukuru. Uye anogona kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakaita seaeronautics, zvemagetsi uye semiconductors, mishonga, mota, kuvaka, aerospace, motorsport, nezvimwe.

ari indasitiri 3d printer mitengo inogona kufamba kubva € 4000 kusvika € 300.000 mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvichienderana nehukuru, mhando, modhi, zvinhu uye maficha.

Hombe 3D printers

3d purinda

Kunyangwe iyi mhando ye maprinta makuru e3d inogona kuverengerwa mukati meaya maindasitiri, ichokwadi kuti kune mamwe mamodheru akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kunze kweindasitiri, senge mamwe maprinta anokwanisa kudhinda zvikamu zvakakura kune avo vanogadzira vanozvida, kumakambani madiki, nezvimwe. Ndiri kureva iwo mamodheru asina kukura uye anodhura seaya maindasitiri, seAnycubic Chiron, Snapmaker 3D, Tronxy X5SA, Tevo Tornado, Creality CR 10S, Dremer DigiLab 3D20, nezvimwe.

Yakachipa 3D printers

yakachipa 3d printer

Mazhinji ekumisikidza kits 3D maprinta ekushandisa kumba, kana zvimwe open source mapurojekiti, sePrusa, Lulzbot, Voron, SeeMeCNC, BigFDM, Creality Ender, Ultimaker, nezvimwewo, pamwe nemamwe mabhureki anotengesa compact 3D printers, vaunza 3D kudhinda kudzimba dzakawanda zvakare. Izvo zvaimbove nemakambani mashoma aikwanisa kuwana, ikozvino inogona kutengwa nemutengo wakafanana nemaprinta akajairwa.

Kazhinji, maprinta aya chinangwa chekushandisa pachivande, senge DIY vanofarira kana vagadziri, kana kune vamwe vanozvimiririra vanoda kugadzira mamwe mamodheru pano neapo. Asi ivo havana kugadzirirwa kugadzira mamodheru makuru, kwete makuru kana nekukurumidza. Uye, kazhinji, ivo vanogadzirwa neresin kana plastiki filament.

3d penzura

3d penzura

Pakupedzisira, kuti ndipedze chinyorwa ichi, handina kuda kuzvisiya 3D mapenzura. Iwo haasi mamwe emhando dze 3D anodhinda akadaro, asi ane chinangwa chakafanana uye anogona kunyatso shanda kugadzira mamwe mamodheru akareruka, evana, nezvimwe.

Ivo mutengo wakachipa zvikuru, uye chaizvoizvo madiki madiki ane chinyoreso che 3D maprinta iyo yekugadzira mifananidzo ine volume. Vanowanzo shandisa plastiki filaments sePLA, ABS, nezvimwewo, uye kushanda kwavo kuri nyore. Ivo vanonyanya plug mumagetsi uye kupisa senge ironing iron kana inopisa glue pfuti. Aya ndiwo maitiro avanonyungudisa purasitiki inoyerera nepamuromo kugadzira iyo dhizaini.

Mamwe mashoko


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako