Linear actuator yeArduino: mechatronics yemapurojekiti ako

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa ma mechanics nemagetsi, riri bazi rezvemhando dzakasiyana reinjiniya rinotora marobhoti, zvemagetsi, komputa, kufonera, kutonga, nezvimwe. Kupfuura epamagetsi DIY mapurojekiti, uye kutanga kuyedza ne mechatronic mapurojekiti, unogona kutanga kubatanidza zvishandiso senge injini kana the mutsara actuator yako Arduino.

Izvo zvinokuvhura iwe nyika itsva yezvinogona kune vanoita. Muchokwadi, ichi chine mutsetse actuator ndicho chinonyanya kushanda nekukwanisa kuita zviito zvekufambisa kana kushandisa simba pane zvimwe zvinhu. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda here? Tinokuudza ...

Mhando dzevashandisi vane mitsara

Iko kune akati wandei maactuator, kunyangwe mune ino chinyorwa tichaisa pfungwa pane iyo inoshandisa mota yemagetsi kutyaira iyo plunger. Asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti panogona kuvewo nemamwe marudzi:

Magetsi: Ivo vanoshandisa imwe mhando yemvura kuendesa pisitoni. Muenzaniso unogona kuva uya wemakina mazhinji ekurima kana zvekuchera, vachishandisa aya mapistoni uye kumanikidza kwemafuta kufambisa maoko akataurwa, madhiraini emagetsi, nezvimwe.
Magetsi: iwo maactuator anoshandisa sikuruu isingaperi inofambiswa nemagetsi mota kugadzira kufamba. Iko kune zvakare solenoid mhando (electromagnet), iyo inoshandisa simba remagineti kufambisa iyo pisitoni kana plunger uye chitubu kuidzosera panzvimbo yayo yekutanga kana munda iwoyo usiri kuitwa. Muenzaniso unoshanda unogona kuve wekupedzisira muenzaniso wandinopa mune ino chinyorwa, kana zvakare mamwe akawanda emarobhoti, zvakajairika michina michina, nezvimwe.
Matairi: vanoshandisa mweya semvura, panzvimbo pemvura sezvinoitika kumagetsi. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiwo chaiwo anowirirana anoshanda anowanikwa mune tekinoroji mashopu edzimwe nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa.

Chinangwa chekupedzisira cheichi chishandiso ndeche shandura simba hydraulic, magetsi kana pneumatic mune yakasarudzika kukanda mune iyi kesi, zvichidaro zvichishandisa simba, kukanda, kuita semutongi, kumisikidza imwe nzira yekushandisa, nezvimwe.

About zvemagetsi Linear actuator

Chaizvoizvo a yemagetsi Linear actuator hachisi chinhu chinopfuura mota yemagetsi, dzimwe nguva inogona kuve NEMA sezvatoonekwa. Iyi mota inoshandura shaft yayo, uye nenzira yemubatanidzwa wemagiya kana maketani ane mazino inochinja sikuruu isingaperi. Iyi sikuru isingaperi ichave iri pamusoro pekutsvedza pisitoni kana tsvimbo mune imwe nzira kana imwe (zvinoenderana nekwaitenderera kutenderera).

Izvozvo plunger ichave iyo inoshanda seactuator kusundira chimwe chinhu, kudhonza chimwe chinhu, kushandisa simba, nezvimwe. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakakura kwazvo. Sezvauri kuona, icho chinhu chakapusa chisina kubata zvakavanzika zvakawandisa.

Aya mitsara anoshanda, kusiyana nemamwe asiri emitsara, ane mukana wekugona kushanda mauto makuru uye kutama inonzwisisika (zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso). Asi yeArduino, iwe une mamwe mamodheru anogona kuenda kubva pa20 kusvika ku150 Kgf (kilogram simba kana kilopond), uye kusimudzira kwe100 kusvika 180 mm.

Sezvo kusakosha kukuru kuri kwayo velocity yekufambaNekuti nekushandisa aya masimba akakura, mavhiri ekuderedza anodikanwa kuwedzera torque anodzikisa kumhanya kwekuwedzera uye kudzoreredza. Kumhanya kwe4 kusvika 20 mm / s kunogona kupihwa pane chaiwo mamodheru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kupedzisa yakazara mitsara maitiro, inogona kubva kubva mashoma gumi nemaviri masekondi kusvika kumaminetsi mashoma kuitira kuti ive yakareba uye inononoka ...

Kana iri yake kudya, unazvo zvemhando dzakasiyana kana ma voltages. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chinowanzoitika ndechekuti iwo gumi nemaviri kana makumi maviri nemaviri, kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuwana zvimwe pazasi uye pamusoro pazvo. Nezve kushandiswa kwavo, vanogona kubva pa12A kusvika pa24A mune dzimwe nguva. Sezvauri kuona, kuve injini ine simba, kunwa kuri kumusoro ... Saka kana uchironga kuidyisa nemabhatiri, unofanirwa kufunga kuti vane chinzvimbo chakakodzera.

Linear actuator kutonga

Iyo yemagetsi linear actuator iwe yaunogona kuwana yeArduino inogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dze kuzvidzora:

Iine potentiometer: kuburikidza ne potentiometer ivo yavanobvumidza kusarudza iyo pisitoni.
Nekuguma kwebasa: switch switch pamucheto wega unozoimisa yega kana yasvika kumusoro.
Pasina kudzora: ivo havana chero eiri pamusoro masisitimu ekudzivirira.

Pinout

El pin out yemutsetse actuator haigone kuve nyore. Iyo ine tambo mbiri dzinoitisa kufudza mota yemagetsi iyo inosangana, uye hapana chimwe chinopfuura icho. Naizvozvo, zero zvinetso. Chinhu chega chekuchengetedza mupfungwa kutambanudza kana kudzosera hunde ndechekuti kutenderera kwemota kunofanirwa kuchinjiswa (ikozvino polarity).

Kuti izvozvo zvikwanisike unogona shandisa H-bridge controller senge iya inoshandiswa yakanangana nemota dzazvino. Unogona kufunga kuti mumwe munhu saiye anokushandira L298N, kana vamwe yakaonekwa, yakadai seTB6612FNG, nezvimwe. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti hapana chimwe chazvo chine simba rakaringana kune aya ane mutsetse actuators (kana akakura). Naizvozvo, mutungamiriri anopisa.

Naizvozvo, iwe unogona chete kuvaka yako yekumhanyisa kutonga uchishandisa ma transistors senge BJTs kana MOSFET, uye kunyangwe relays mamiriro akasimba ...

Ndekupi kwekutenga Linear actuator?

El mutengo yeiyo linear actuator inoenderana zvakanyanya nehukuru, kumhanya, kureba, uye zvakare nesimba raanogona kumira. Iwe unogona kazhinji kuvawana kubva kutenderedza € 20 kusvika € 200. Uye iwe uchavawana zviri nyore mumashopu akakosha emagetsi kana mune zvimwe zvitoro zvepamhepo senge Amazon. Semuyenzaniso:

Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvinodzivirirwa guruva uye kuputika neIPX54 chitupa. Uye ramba uchifunga zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri, zvirevo zvinoratidzwa hazvigare zvichitsigirwa kune ese marefu ekuwedzera, mune dzimwe nguva kungorema kwehuremu kunotsigirwa kusvika kune kumwe kuwedzera.

Kubatanidzwa naArduino

Aya marudzi eactuator anogona kunge aine akasiyana mashandisiro ekushandisa kana iwe uchiasanganisa iwo neako Arduino bhodhi. Kuti uite izvi, chinhu chekutanga iwe chaunofanirwa kuziva inzira iwe yaunogona gadzira dhayagiramu yekubatanidza nebheji rako. Sezvauri kuona, haina kuomarara zvachose, saka hairatidzi kuomarara kuzhinji.

Sezvauri kuona kubva pamusoro pechirongwa chiri pamusoro chandadhirowa, ini ndashandisa ma relay maviri uye riite actuator. Iyo mitsara ine mavara iwe unoona zvinomiririra zvinotevera:

Dzvuku uye nhema: idzi ndidzo tambo dzeactuator tambo dzinoenda kune yega yega relays yakashandiswa.
pfumbu: iwe wakabatana pasi kana GND mune yega yega ma relays sezvaungaona.
Azul: inoenda kune magetsi Vin yeiyo relay, mune ino kesi ichave iri pakati pe5v ne12v.
girini: iyo Vcc mitsara yemo module yakabatana ne5v yeako Arduino bhodhi.
pfumbu: zvakare ivhu, rakabatana kubva module kusvika kuArduino GND.
Pepuru uye orenji: ndiyo mitsara yekudzora inoenda kune chero yeArduino pini kudzora spin. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuenda kuD8 uye D9.

Kana iri semuenzaniso we kodhi kodhi yeako Arduino IDE, sketch yekutonga kwekutanga ichave seinotevera:

//configurar las salidas digitales
const int rele1 = 8;
const int rele2 = 9;
 
void setup()
{
   pinMode(rele1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(rele2, OUTPUT);
 
   //Poner los relés a bajo
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}
 
void loop()
{
   extendActuator();
   delay(2000);
   retractActuator();
   delay(2000);
   stopActuator();
   delay(2000);
}
 
//Activar uno de los relés para extender el actuador
void extendActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele1, HIGH);
}
 
//Lo inverso a lo anterior para retraer el émbolo
void retractActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele2, HIGH);
}
 
//Poner ambos releś apagados parar el actuador
void stopActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}

Unogona gadzirisa kodhi kugona kudzora uye nekuisa iyo plunger mune chaicho chinzvimbo kana uchida, kana kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu ...

Hardwarelibre