Un photodiode Ndicho zvemagetsi chikamu Inoburitsa photocurrent kana yaiswa pachiedza. Photodiodes anoshandiswa mu photovoltaic solar masero uye mune mutsara mafotodetectors, masensa anoshandiswa kuona masaini emwenje, senge masaini optical kana masaisai eredhiyo. Photodiodes inoshandiswawo mune zvisiri zvemagetsi, senge photolithography, iyo inoshandisa magirazi madiki kudhirowa mapatani pawafers.
In the photovoltaic solar masero, iyo yakajairika mhando yephotodiode inogadzirwa nesilicon. Kune zvakare mafotodiode akagadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu, senge gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), uye gallium nitride (GaN). Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kune chaiwo maapplication. Photodiodes anowanzo gadzirwa ne doping iyo semiconductor zvinhu nekuwanda kwevatakuri. Maerekitironi akawandisa kana maburi anobva kune vamiririri ve doping vakawedzerwa panguva yekugadzira. Uyezve, zviri mukati zviri nyore, ne pn junction apo rimwe divi rinopomerwa zvakanaka uye rimwe rakaipa. Kana chiedza charova diode, chinoita kuti maerekitironi ayerera achienda kudivi rakanaka uye maburi kuti ayerere kune negative. Izvi zvinochaja iyo diode, ichigadzira photocurrent inoyerera ichibva mu diode ichienda kudunhu.
Rinoshanda sei?
A photodiode chinhu chemagetsi chinoshandura chiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Inoshandiswa mumakamera edhijitari nemimwe midziyo yakaita semaikorosikopu uye teresikopu.
Ndinoreva inoshanda nekushandura mafotoni kuita maerekitironi kuburikidza nenzira inonzi photoelectric effect. Imwe neimwe photon yechiedza ine simba, izvo zvinoita kuti maerekitironi asunungurwe kubva mufotodiode. Aya maerekitironi anounganidzwa mune capacitor, achigadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi zvinoenderana nemafotoni echiedza akaonekwa nephotodiode. Photodiodes anowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune semiconductor zvinhu sesilicon, gallium arsenide, kana III-V zvinhu. Photodiodes inogonawo kugadzirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita segermanium kana indium phosphide, asi zvinhu izvi hazvinyanyi kuwanda pane silicon uye gallium arsenide.
Photodiodes inogona kushandiswa kuona chiedza chine wavelengths kubva ku mwenje unooneka (400-700 nm) kune infrared (1-3 μm). Nekudaro, nekuda kwekugumira kwesilicon absorption mabhendi, kuona kwenguva refu-wave infrared (> 4 μm) kwakaoma kumafotodiode. Pamusoro pezvo, high power lasers inogona kukuvadza silicon sensors nekuda kwekukurumidza kupisa kunokonzerwa nelaser illumination.
Photodiode Applications
A photodiode yakasiyana nea kuramba LDR, kureva, photoresistors kana chiedza-sensitive resistors. Kana iri iyo photodiode, inokurumidza zvakanyanya munguva yekupindura, iyo inovhura nzira nyowani dzekuishandisa:
- Kumasekete ekupindura nekukurumidza kune shanduko murima kana mwenje.
- CD player yekuverenga laser.
- optical chips.
- Zvekubatanidza fiber optic.
- Etc.
Sezvauri kuona, mashandisirwo ephotodiode akafara, uye anoita zvirinani kupfuura LDR resistor yemhinduro yayo. Naizvozvo, kune akawanda maapplication apo LDR yaisazoshanda uye photodiode iri.
Batanidza neArduino
kubatanidza iyo photodiode neArduino board, ingori nyaya yekubatanidza chikamu zvakanaka uye kunyora kodhi. Pano ini ndinokuratidza muenzaniso, kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuigadzirisa uye kugadzira mapurojekiti aunoda. Kana iri yekubatanidza, iri nyore kwazvo, mune ino kesi tichashandisa iyo A1 yekuisa, ndiko kuti, iyo analog, asi unogona kushandisa chero imwe analog kana uchida. Uye imwe pini yephotodiode ichave yakabatana neGND.
Kana iri kodhi, ndiyo inotevera, iri nyore snippet ye kuyera kusimba kwechiedza pamwe nephotodiode:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print();
}
void loop ()
{
int lightsensor = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = lightsensor * (5.0 / 1023.0);
Serial.print(voltage);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
}