Vamwe vashandisi hameno kana Raspberry Pi ine BIOS kana UEFI, semamwe makomputa, sezvo UEFI, sezvaunoziva, inotsigirwawo paArm-based makomputa, sezvazvakaita ne iyi SBC yakakurumbira uye yakachipa. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti vakomana ve raspberry vakasarudza imwe sarudzo.
Pano iwe uchadzidza kuti mhinduro iyi chii uye zvikonzero nei haishandisi iyi firmware, pamusoro pekukuratidza kuti mamwe magadzirirwo anogadzirwa sei paRaspberry Pi kana pasina Setup Menu sepamakomputa...
Sei iyo Raspberry Pi isingashandisi BIOS/UEFI?
Sezvaunoziva, the BIOS kana UEFI ndeye firmware iyo iripo muhuwandu hwemakomputa, ese ari maviri matafura, malaptop, AIO, maseva, nzvimbo dzekushandira, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, haisi paRaspberry Pi, kunyangwe iri SBC (Single Board Computer), kusiyana nemamwe max86 SBC anoshandisa iyi firmware yeboot process uye system cheki. Uye hazvisi nekuti iyo Raspberry Pi iri ARM-yakavakirwa, semakomputa mazhinji eARM ane BIOS/UEFI.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti iyi firmware yakagadzirwa kuitira kuti bhutsu nyore kubva kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza uko iyo inoshanda sisitimu iripo, mukuwedzera pakukwanisa kudzora mamwe akawanda marongero. Apa ndipo paanotipa mazano ekuti sei Raspberry Pi isingashandisi BIOS. Kune rimwe divi, nekuti inogona chete bhutsu zvishandiso kubva kune imwechete svikiro, senge SD makadhi, uye kwete nedzimwe nzira. Uye kune rimwe divi nekuti huwandu hwemaperipherals uye mabasa muRaspberry Pi ane mashoma.
Nekudaro, ichi hachisi chikonzero zvachose chekusashandisa BIOS kana UEFI. Muchokwadi, kana tikanyatsoongorora, iyo Iyo Raspberry Pi's ARM SoC inoshandisa yayo yemukati firmware kubhuya iyo CPU muchimiro chakakodzera uye yakasara sisitimu pasina kudiwa kweiyo yakasiyana BIOS chip. Asi... saka sei usingakwanise kuwana iyo BIOS Setup kana BIOS menyu? Kune rimwe divi, nekuti iyi firmware yakanyanya kushomeka, uye haina kuomarara seBIOS/UEFI, saka menyu yekugadzira parameter haingave isina zvazvinoreva, uye kune imwe, nekuda kwezvakambotaurwa, kuti inogona kungotanga kubva. yakasarudzika yekuchengetedza svikiro. , sezvakaita SD kadhi.
Vagadziri veRaspberry Pi vane chikonzero ichi vakasarudza kushandisa iyi yekutanga firmware yekutanga uye kubhowa kubva kune SD kadhi pane kushandisa. a rom chip ine zvimwe zvakaoma firmware yakaiswa paPCB. Uye ndezvekuti, kana iwe ukatarisa, nharembozha hadzina BIOS / UEFI chero, sezvo dzichigona kubhuya Android (kana imwe sisitimu yekushandisa), kubva mundangariro yemukati.
Nenzira iyi, kune rumwe rutivi, iyo yakawedzera chip pabhodhi inochengetwa, uye kune rumwe rutivi, kudiwa kwekusanganisira flash memory yekuchengetedza kunobviswa zvakare. yaizoita kuti Raspberry Pi idhure. Iwe unofanirwa kutenga iyo SD kadhi zvakasiyana.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti muRaspberry Pi 3 yekuyedza rutsigiro yakawedzerwa boot kubva ku USB media iyo inofanirwa kuve yakagoneswa zvakajeka uye haigone kudzimwa. Izvi zvinosanganisirwa mune yakamisikidzwa firmware yeSoC yeshanduro nyowani, asi izvi zvaive zvanyanya kuomarara, ndosaka vakatanga vakafunga kutanga nezvinhu zviri nyore uye kushandisa booting chete kubva kuSD memory makadhi.
Chii chaishandiswa neRaspberry Pi pachinzvimbo?
Iyo Raspberry Pi haina BIOS kana UEFI sezvinonzwisiswa munyika yePC, semuenzaniso, asi ine yakavharwa source firmware muSoC sezvandambotaura pamusoro. Iyi chip yakagadzirwa nekambani yeBroadcom, iyo inopa maBCM kune aya Raspberry Pi Foundation mabhodhi.
In the SoC (Sisitimu pane Chip) Inosanganisa ARM Cortex-A Series CPU, VhidhiyoCore GPU, DSP yedhijitari masaini kugadzirisa, SDRAM ndangariro yakagovaniswa neCPU neGPU, uye vatongi vakaita se USB, nezvimwe. Mukuwedzera, inosanganisirawo memori yeROM umo firmware yatiri kutaura nezvayo yakabatanidzwa uye iyo inofanirwa kubhoti.
kutanga maitiro
ari nhanho inotevera firmware iyi ndeiyi:
- Iyi firmware inotarisira tanga bootloader ye sisitimu yekushandisa iri pakadhi reSD. Sezvaunoziva, iyo bootloader inoisa iyo FAT32 chikamu cheSD memori kadhi uye inoenda kune yechipiri bhutsu nhanho, iyo yakarongwa muSoC uye haigone kugadziridzwa.
- Muchikamu chechipiri, faira inozivikanwa se bootcode.bin, umo iyo GPU firmware inogadzirirwa uye yakatanga. Iri faira rinogona kuchengetwa chete pakadhi reSD, saka iyo yekutanga haigone kuchinjwa senge mune yakajairwa BIOS/UEFI yePC, uye inongotanga kubva ipapo. Nekudaro, sezvandakataura, paPi 3 kugona kubhutsu kubva ku USB kwakawedzerwawo kuyedza.
- Zvino kunouya nhanho yechitatu umo kushandiswa kunoitwa kwekutanga.elf faira, iyo inotanga CPU, uye faira inonzi fixup.dat, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira chikamu chakakosha muSDRAM kuitira kuti itange kushandiswa. neCPU uye GPU.
- Pakupedzisira, iyo kodhi yemushandisi inoitwa, ayo anowanzo ari executable mabhinari kana mifananidzo ye Linux kernel, senge kernel.img, kana kubva kune mamwe masisitimu anoshanda anotsigirwa neRaspberry Pi, uye iyi ndiyo nzira iyo sisitimu yekushandisa inosimuka kuti uishandise ...
Sezvawaona, iri nyore maitiro, asi zvimwe zvinoshamisa kana tikaienzanisa nePC kana mamwe makomputa. Uye ndezvekuti, mune iyo Raspberry Pi, pane kutanga iyo CPU, semune dzimwe nyaya, GPU bhutsu kutanga. Muchokwadi, iyi Broadcomo GPU ichave iri kutungamira kuita rudzi rweyakamisikidzwa sisitimu yekushandisa muSoC iri nyore kwazvo, asi inofanirwa kushanda. Iyo inozivikanwa seVCOS (Vhidhiyo Core Operating System), uye ichataurirana neLinux. Izvi hazvishamisi, asi chokwadi ndechekuti iyo GPU yePi haisi kungotarisira mifananidzo uye kutanga, zvakare inotarisira control system wachi uye odhiyo.
Mumutemo, tataura izvi, zvinoita sekunge pane zvishoma zvatingaite shandura boot configurationAsi chokwadi ndechekuti hazvina kudaro zvachose. Uye ndezvekuti kune faira inonzi config.txt iri mu / boot/ dhairekitori yehurongwa uye kana yakavhurwa ine mavara edhita, zvirimo zvinogona kugadziridzwa nyore nyore kushandura boot uye kuigadzirisa nemamwe ma parameter. .
Este config.txt file ichaverengwa neGPU mushure mekutanga iyo ARM kernel, uye ine mirairo yeSoC kuziva zvekuita panguva yebhoti system. Semuenzaniso, isu tinokwanisa kugadzirisa yakatsaurirwa ndangariro mukati mayo, ndangariro yekuvandudza, kudzima kupinda kune L2 cache, shandura iyo CMA kumisikidza, gonesa kana kudzima kamera ye LED, shandura vhidhiyo modhi sarudzo, macodecs, dzimwe sarudzo kubhuroka, overclocking, nezvimwe.
Iyi faira ine a syntax zvinoshamisa, saka zvinofanirwa kuremekedzwa kudzivirira matambudziko pakutanga. Uye kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo nezvazvo, unogona verenga wiki yandinokusiira iyi link.
Shandura Kukosha kweBoot paRaspberry Pi
Paunoshandura kurongeka kwebhoti kana kukoshesa paPC zvese zviri nyore, unongofanirwa kupinda BIOS/UEFI, uye muBoot tab unogona kuwana maparamendi aunogona kusiyanisa kubhutsu kubva kune hard disk, an optical medium. , USB, network, nezvimwe. Pane kudaro, paRaspberry Pi hazvisi nyore. Nekumisikidza inogara ichibhuya OS kubva kuSD memori kadhi yakaiswa muSBC. Muchokwadi, kunyangwe mushure mevhezheni 3, kana zvese SD kadhi uye USB tsvimbo zvakaiswa, sisitimu icharamba ichitanga kubva kuSD kutanga. Kana iyo SD ikabviswa uye chete USB yasara, zvino ichaitwa kuburikidza ne USB.
Asi urongwa uhwu hunogona kuchinjwa. nokuda kwaizvozvo unofanira tanga raspbian, semuenzaniso, uye ita zvinotevera:
- Vhura iyo Raspberry Pi setup nemurairo:
sudo raspi-gadziriso
- Enda kune "Advanced Options" chikamu. (ona, menyu iri muChirungu)
- Zvadaro, mukati mechikamu chino, dzvanya ENTER pane "Boot Order" sarudzo.
- Iwe zvino unofanirwa kuona sarudzo nhatu dzakasiyana dzekusarudza kubva:
- SD kadhi boot-Nekusarudzika, iyi sarudzo yakatogoneswa pane yako Raspberry Pi mudziyo uye kana iwe ukaisa SD kadhi uye USB panguva imwe chete, iyo system inoshandisa iyo SD kadhi seyakasarudzika bhoti sarudzo kunze kwekunge waibvisa.
- usb boot: Kana iwe uchida kushandisa USB sechinhu chekutanga chekubhoti, unogona kusarudza iyi sarudzo, inoshanda kana uine USB mudziyo wakaiswa muRaspberry Pi. Zvikasadaro, haufanirwe kuisa SD kadhi kubhuya sisitimu.
- network boot: Iyi bhutsu sarudzo inobatsira kana yako Raspberry Pi SD kadhi isiri kushanda nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana kana paine dambudziko neako yekushandisa system. Muchiitiko ichocho, ichashandisa iyo Imager chishandiso kudzosera sisitimu kune SD kadhi.
Kana wapedza, unogona tangazve raspberry pi kushandisa shanduko...
Ongorora Raspberry Pi matambudziko (POST)
Pakupedzisira, iwe unozoziva kuti muBIOS / UEFI pane nhanho inonzi POST iyo inoitwa pamberi peiyo yekushandisa system mabhutsu uye inoongorora mamiriro ezvakasiyana zvikamu. Kana zvese zvakanaka, inotanga OS. Asi kana ikaona chero dambudziko, inomira yoratidza meseji yekukanganisa pachiratidziri kana kuburitsa imwe inonzwika beep kodhi kuti ione kuti dambudziko nderei.
Izvi paRaspberry Pi hazvipo futi. Nekudaro, iyo SoC firmware ine nzira yekuyedza mureza matambudziko anogona kuitika kuti zvive nyore kuongororwa. Uye izvo zviri kuburikidza nesimba rayo LED. Semuenzaniso, yeRaspberry Pi 4, iwo macode emwenje anoburitswa ne LED kuratidza matambudziko ndeaya:
| kupenya kurefu | kupenya kupfupi | chinzvimbo |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | General kukundikana panguva yekutanga |
| 0 | 4 | start*.elf haina kuwanikwa |
| 0 | 7 | Kernel image haina kuwanikwa |
| 0 | 8 | SDRAM kukundikana |
| 0 | 9 | SDRAM isina kukwana |
| 0 | 10 | muHALT state |
| 2 | 1 | Chikamu chacho hachisi FAT (hachina kutsigirwa) |
| 2 | 2 | Tatadza kuverenga partition |
| 2 | 3 | isiri-FAT yakawedzera chikamu |
| 2 | 4 | Hashi kana siginicha hazvienderane |
| 3 | 1 | SPI-EEPROM kukanganisa |
| 3 | 2 | SPI EEPROM nyora zvakachengetedzwa |
| 3 | 3 | I2C kukanganisa |
| 4 | 4 | Mhando yebhodhi haina kutsigirwa |
| 4 | 5 | Fatal firmware error |
| 4 | 6 | Type A Misfire |
| 4 | 7 | Type B Misfire |