Switched sosi: ndeichi chii, misiyano ine mutsara, uye ndeyei

Una yakachinjiswa sosi chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinokwanisa kushandura simba remagetsi kuburikidza nenhevedzano ye zvemagetsi zvinoriumba,, Ndokunge, iri magetsi, asi nemisiyano zvine chekuita neyakaenzana. Aya masosi anozivikanwa zvakare se SMPS (Chinja Mode Simba Rinopa), uye parizvino inoshandiswa kuwanda kwekushandisa ...

Chii chinonzi magetsi

Una magetsi, kana PSU (Power Supply Unit), chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuburitsa magetsi zvakakodzera kune zvakasiyana zvikamu kana masisitimu. Chinangwa chayo ndechekugamuchira simba kubva kunetiweki yemagetsi uye nekuchinjisa kune yakakodzera voltage uye yazvino kuitira kuti izvo zvakabatana zvikamu zvishande nemazvo.

Simba rekushandisa haringogadzirise chete magetsi ezvainobuda zvine chekuita nekupinza kwayo, asi inogona zvakare kugadzirisa kusimba kwayo, gadzirisa uye uigadzikise kushandura kubva kuchinjanisa zvazvino kuenda kunongedzera ikozvino. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika mune sosi yePC, semuenzaniso, kana muadaptha kuchaja bhatiri. Mune zviitiko izvi, iyo CA ichaenda kubva kune yakajairwa 50 Hz uye 220 / 240v, kuenda kuDC pa 3.3v, 5v, 6v, 12v, nezvimwe ...

Linear masosi vs yakachinjika masosi: misiyano

Kana iwe uchirangarira iyo maadapter kana majaja dzenhare dzekare, dzaive hombe uye dzairema. Idzo dzaive magetsi emagetsi, nepo dzakareruka dzanhasi uye dzakaomesesa idzo dziri kuchinja magetsi. Misiyano:

• Mune mutsara font kunetsekana kwemagetsi emagetsi kwaderedzwa nenzira yeshanduko, kuti igadziriswe gare gare navanamwari. Ichavawo neimwe nhanho ine electrolytic capacitors kana mamwe magetsi ekudzikamisa. Dambudziko nemhando iyi yeshanduko kurasikirwa kwesimba muchimiro chekupisa nekuda kweshanduko. Uye zvakare, ino shanduri haina chete ine inorema uye yakakura simbi simbi, asi kune yakakwira kubuda mafungu ivo vachazoda rakakora kwazvo mhangura waya waya ichitenderera, nekudaro ichiwedzera huremu uye saizi.
• ari yakachinjiswa masosi Ivo vanoshandisa yakafanana musimboti weichi chiitiko, asi ine misiyano. Semuenzaniso, mune izvi zviitiko vanowedzera kuwanda kwezvazvino, kuenda kubva ku50 Hz (muEurope), kusvika zana Khz. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kurasikirwa kwakaderedzwa uye saizi yeiyo shanduko yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, saka ivo vanozoita vakareruka uye vakawedzera compact. Kuita kuti izvi zvikwanisike, vanoshandura AC kuita DC, kubva paDC kuenda ku AC ine frequency yakasiana pane yekutanga, vobva vashandura iyo AC kudzokera kuDC.

Nhasi, magetsi emitsara ari kuita vanyangarika, nekuda kwekurema uye kukura kwayo. Ikozvino switch dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzese dzekushandisa.

Naizvozvo zvakakosha zvinoenderana nenzira yekutanga yekushanda, ndeaya:

• El saizi uye uremu yeiyo mitsara inogona kuve yakakosha, iine anosvika gumi makirogiramu mune zvimwe zviitiko. Nepo iwo akachinjiswa iwo, huremu hunogona kungove chete mashoma magiramu.
• Munyaya ye Output voltage, mitsara ine mitsara inodzora zvinobuda zvichishandisa ma voltages akakwira kubva kumatanho apfuura uye vozogadzira voltages yakaderera pane zvavanobuda. Muchiitiko cheiyo switch switch mode, vanogona kuenzana, kudzika, uye kunyangwe kutenderedzwa pane izvo zvekuisa, zvichiita kuti iite zvakanyanya.
• La kunyatsoshanda uye kupera Izvo zvakare zvinosiyana, sezvo izvo zvakachinjika zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, zvichishandisa zvirinani simba, uye hazvibvise kupisa kwakanyanya, saka havazodi masisitimu makuru akadaro anotonhora.
• La kuoma yakati kurei mukuchinjiswa nekuda kwenhamba huru yematanho.
• Linear fonts haigadzi kupindira kazhinji, saka ivo vakanyanya kunaka kana kupindira kusingaitike. Iyo yakachinjiswa inoshanda nematanho epamusoro, uye ndosaka isina kunyatsoita mupfungwa iyi.
• El simba chinhu yemitsara mitsara yakaderera, nekuti simba rinowanikwa kubva kumagetsi emagetsi etambo yemagetsi. Izvi hazvisizvo mune zvakachinjika, kunyange matanho epfuura akawedzerwa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvakanyanya, kunyanya mumidziyo inotengeswa muEurope.

Operation

Kuti unzwisise zvakanaka kushanda kweshanduko inoshanduka, nhanho dzayo dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kuverengerwa semablock, sezvingaonekwa mumufananidzo wekare. Aya mabhuroko ane basa rawo chairo:

• Sefa 1: iri basa rekubvisa matambudziko einetiweki yemagetsi, senge ruzha, harmoniki, zvinopfuura, nezvimwe. Zvese izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
• Anogadzirisa: basa rayo nderekudzivirira chikamu cheiyo sinusoidal chiratidzo kuti chisapfuure, ndiko kuti, izvozvi zvinopfuura chete munzira imwechete, zvichikonzera mafungu muchimiro chekupomba.
• Simba chinhu corrector: kana iyo yazvino yabuda muchikamu zvine chekuita nemhepo, simba rese re network harishandiswe nemazvo, uye ichi corrector inogadzirisa dambudziko iri.
• Condenser- Iwo ma capacitors anoderedza iyo pulse chiratidzo ichibuda muchikamu chakapfuura, ichichengeta iyo kuchaja uye ichiita kuti ibude zvakanyanyisa, kungangoita kunge chiratidzo chinoramba chichienderera.
• Transistor / Mutongi: inoshanda sekutonga kwekufamba kwazvino, kucheka uye kumisikidza iyo ndima, iyo inoshandura yapfuura iripedyo rangoita razvino kuita pulsating imwe. Zvese zvinhu zvinodzorwa nemutongi, izvo zvinogona zvakare kuita sechinhu chinodzivirira.
• Shanduko: inoderedza iyo voltage pane yayo yekuisa kuti iigadzirise kune yakaderera voltage (kana akati wandei akadzika ma voltages) pakuburitsa kwayo.
• Diode: inoshandura inochinjika yazvino ichibuda mududziro kuita pulsating yazvino.
• Sefa 2: inoenda kubva pulsating yazvino kuenda zvakare mune inoenderera imwe.
• Optocoupler: ichabatanidza iyo sosi inoburitsa pamwe nedunhu rekutonga kune chaiyo mirau, mhando yemhinduro.

Mhando yezvinyorwa

Dzinoshandurwa sosi dzinogona kuiswa muzvina mhando yakakosha:

• AC yekuisa / DC kubuda: Inosanganisira yekugadzirisa, commutator, shandura, inoburitsa inogadzirisa uye firita. Semuenzaniso, magetsi ePC.
• AC yekuisa / AC kubuda: inongori ine frequency inverter uye frequency converter. Muenzaniso wekushandisa ingangove mota yemagetsi mota.
• Kuisa DC / AC kubuda: Inozivikanwa seanodyara mari, uye ivo havazi vakaita sevakawanda kare. Semuenzaniso, ivo vanogona kuwanikwa mumagetsi emagetsi e220v pa50Hz kubva kubhatiri.
• Kuisa DC / DC kubuda: iri voltage kana yazvino shanduko. Semuenzaniso, semamwe majaja ebhatiri enhare mbozha anoshandiswa mumotokari.