Sida loo dhiso cudud robot ah lacag yar

Hubaal qaar badan oo idinka mid ah waxaad ku aragteen filimada khayaaliga ah ee sayniska sida saynis yahanku ama geek-ku u leeyahay cudud robotic ah oo wax walba gacanta ku haysa oo soo qaadi karta shay ama samayn karta hawlo sidii qof bini'aadam ah. Wax sii kordhaya suurtogalka ah mahadsanid Hardware Libre iyo Mashruuca Arduino. Laakin waa maxay cudud roboti ah? Waa maxay hawlaha uu qalabkani leeyahay? Sidee loo dhisay gacan-robotik? Hoos waxaan uga jawaabi doonaa su'aalahan oo dhan.

Waa maxay cudud robot ah

Gacanta robotku waa gacan farsamo oo leh saldhig elektaroonik ah oo u oggolaanaysa inay si buuxda barnaamij u noqon karto. Intaa waxaa dheer, gacanta noocan ah waxay noqon kartaa hal cunsur laakiin waxay sidoo kale qayb ka noqon kartaa robot ama nidaam kale oo robot ah. Tayada cududda gacanta ee loo yaqaan 'robotic arm' marka la barbar dhigo noocyada kale ee aaladaha farsamada waa taas gacanta aalado ayaa si buuxda loo qorsheyn karaa halka qalabka intiisa kale uusan ahayn. Shaqadani waxay noo ogolaaneysaa inaan leenahay hal gacan oo robot ah oo loogu talagalay howlaha kala duwan iyo inaan qabano howlo kala duwan oo kala duwan, nashaadaad lagu fulin karo mahadnaq ahaan looxyada elektarooniga ah sida looxyada Arduino.

Hawlaha gacanta aalado

Suurtagalnimada shaqada aasaasiga ah ee gacanta robotku waa shaqada gacan qabashada. Hawlgallada qaarkood waxaan u baahan doonnaa gacan saddexaad oo taageerta curiyaha qaarkood si qofku wax u dhisi karo ama u abuuri karo wax. Howshan barnaamij gaar ah looma baahna waxaan kaliya u baahanahay inaan damino aaladda lafteeda.

Hubka Robotka waxaa lagu dhisi karaa waxyaabo kala duwan taas oo ka dhigaysa suurtogal in loo isticmaalo badal ahaan howlaha halista ah sida khalkhalgelinta walxaha kiimikada wasakheysa. Gacanta robotka ayaa sidoo kale naga caawin karta inaan qabanno hawlo culus ama kuwa u baahan cadaadis ku filan, illaa iyo inta laga dhisayo walax adag oo adkeysi leh.

Qalabka loo baahan yahay dhismihiisa

Marka xigta waxaan ku baran doonnaa sida loo dhiso cudud robot ah si dhakhso leh, hab fudud oo dhaqaale u ah qof walba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, cududdan robotka ah uma noqon doonto mid awood leh ama waxtar u leh hubka aan ku aragno filimada laakiin waxay u adeegi doonaan inay wax ka bartaan howlahooda iyo dhismahooda. Sidaas darteed, qalabka aan u baahan doono si aan u dhisno qalabkan ayaa ah:

1. Saxan  Arduino UNO REV3 ama ka sareeya
2. Laba guddi horumarineed.
3. Laba servos oo dhidib ah
4. Laba micro servos
5. Laba kontaroolo analog ah oo is barbar socda
6. Fiilooyinka boodboodka ee looxyada horumarinta.
7. Duub
8. Kartoon ama loox xumbo ah istaaga.
9. Jarjaran iyo maqas.
10. Dulqaad badan

Golaha

Isku soo wada duuboo cududdan robotku waa mid fudud. Marka hore waa inaan jarnaa laba leydi oo leh xumbo; mid kasta oo ka mid ah leydikani wuxuu noqon doonaa qaybo ka mid ah gacanta robotka. Sida aad ku arki karto sawirada, leydi-raacyadan waa inay ahaadaan cabirka aan dooneyno, in kastoo lagu taliyo cabirka midkood waa 16,50 x 3,80 cm. iyo leyliga labaad wuxuu leeyahay cabirka soo socda 11,40 x 3,80 cm.

Mar alla markii aan leenahay leydi, xagal kasta xagal ama laydh kasta waxaan ku dhejin doonnaa servomotor kasta. Kadib markii aad sidan sameysay, waxaan jareynaa "U" xumbo ah. Tani waxay u adeegi doontaa qayb haysa ama qayb ka mid ah dhamaadka gacanta, taas oo bini-aadamku u noqon lahaa gacanta. Waxaan qaybtaan uga mid noqon doonnaa servomotor-ka ku jira leylaadka ugu yar.

Hadda waa inaan sameynaa qaybta hoose ama saldhigga. Tan waxaan ku fulin doonaa isla nidaamka: waxaan jareynaa laba jibbaaran xumbo oo waxaan dhigeynaa labada matoor ee gawaarida dhidibka isbarbar socda sida sawirka soo socda:

Hadda waa inaan ku xirnaa dhammaan mootooyinka guddiga Arduino. Laakiin marka hore, waa inaan ku xirnaa isku xirnaanta guddiga horumarinta iyo tan guddiga Arduino. Waxaan ku xiri doonnaa siligga madow gundhigga 'GND', siligga gaduudka ah waxaan ku xirmi doonnaa pin 5V iyo fiilooyinka jaalaha ah -11, -10, 4 iyo -3. Waxaan sidoo kale ku xiri doonnaa joysticks ama kontaroolada gacanta robotka guddiga Arduino, kiiskan sida sawirku tilmaamayo:

Mar alla markii aan helno wax walba oo isku xira oo aan isku soo ururinno waa inaan u gudbino barnaamijka guddiga Arduino, kaas oo aan ugu baahan doonno inaan ku xirno guddiga Arduino kombuyuutarka ama laptop-ka. Marka aan barnaamijka ugu gudubno guddiga Arduino, waa inaan hubinno taas ku xiro fiilooyinka guddiga Arduino in kasta oo aan mar walba la sii wadi karno guddiga horumarinta oo aan kala furfureyno wax walba, tan dambe hadaan kaliya rabno inay barato.

Software loo baahan yahay hawlgalka

In kasta oo ay umuuqato inaan dhameystirnay dhisida cudud robot ah, runta ayaa ah in wali wax badan horyaalaan iyo waxa ugu muhiimsan. Abuuritaanka ama horumarinta barnaamij nolol siinaya cududdeenna robotka ah la'aanteed, adeegeyaashu ma joojin doonaan inay noqdaan habab fudud oo saacad wareegaya oo aan micno lahayn.

Tan waxaa lagu xalliyaa iyadoo lagu xirayo guddiga Arduino kombuyuutarkayaga oo waxaan fureynaa barnaamijka Arduino bixisaa, waxaan kumbiyuutarka ku xireynaa guddiga oo waxaan ku qoreynaa lambarka soo socda feyl madhan:

#include <Servo.h>

const int servo1 = 3;       // first servo

const int servo2 = 10;      // second servo

const int servo3 = 5;       // third servo

const int servo4 = 11;      // fourth servo

const int servo5 = 9;       // fifth servo

const int joyH = 2;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyV = 3;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyX = 4;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyP = 5;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int potpin = 0;      // O/C potentiometer

int servoVal;           // variable to read the value from the analog pin

Servo myservo1;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo2;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo3;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo4;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo5;  // create servo object to control a servo

void setup() {

// Servo

myservo1.attach(servo1);  // attaches the servo

myservo2.attach(servo2);  // attaches the servo

myservo3.attach(servo3);  // attaches the servo

myservo4.attach(servo4);  // attaches the servo

myservo5.attach(servo5);  // attaches the servo

// Inizialize Serial

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop(){

servoVal = analogRead(potpin);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 179);

myservo5.write(servoVal);

delay(15);

// Display Joystick values using the serial monitor

outputJoystick();

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyH);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result  between 0 and 180)

myservo2.write(servoVal);                         // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyV);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo1.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyP);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo4.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyX);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo3.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

/**

* Display joystick values

*/

void outputJoystick(){

Serial.print(analogRead(joyH));

Serial.print ("---");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyV));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyP));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyX));

Serial.println ("----------------");

}

Waan keydineynaa intaa ka dib waxaan u dirnaa saxanka Arduino UNO. Kahor intaanan ku dhammeyn furaha waxaan sameyn doonaa tijaabooyinka ku habboon si loo xaqiijiyo in joysticks-yada ay shaqeeyaan iyo in koodhku aanu soo bandhigin wax qalad ah.

Horey ayaan u rakibay, hadda waa maxay?

Xaqiiqdi inbadan oo idinka kamid ah ma fileynin cududda noocaan ah ee robotka ah, si kastaba ha noqotee waa kufiican tahay aasaaska waxa ay tahay, qiimaha ay leedahay iyo habka loo barayo sida loo dhiso robot. Laga bilaabo halkan wax walba iska leh male. Taasi waa, waan beddeli karnaa qalabka, mootooyinka adeegga iyo xitaa dhameystirnaa koodhka barnaamijka. Waxay tagaysaa iyada oo aan sidaa la odhan Waxaan u badali karnaa qaabka guddiga Arduino mid aad u awood badan oo dhameystiran oo noo ogolaanaya inaan ku xirno kontoroolka fog ama la shaqeyso taleefanka casriga ah. Marka la soo koobo, tiro balaadhan oo ah fursadaha in Hardware Libre iyo hubka Robotka.

Macluumaad dheeraad ah - Tilmaamaha