1n4148: konke malunga nenjongo yediode ngokubanzi

diode 1n4148

Zininzi iintlobo zeedayidi zesemiconductor, ezinezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwidayode yokulungisa, ngokusebenzisa iZener, ukuya kwii-LED ezikhupha ukukhanya. Kule nqaku sinomdla icandelo elektroniki ikhonkrithi, i 1n4148 diode yenjongo ngokubanzi. Iya kuba yeyethu esiyihlalutya ngokweempawu zayo kwaye siza kubonisa ezinye zezicelo ezinokubakho.

1n4148 ngu iyunithi yesilicon encinci efihla iimfihlo ezinkulu ekufuneka uyazi. Icandelo elinokuthi libe negalelo kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zakho ukuba uthanda i-DIY ye-elektroniki okanye ungumenzi ...

Yintoni i-diode semiconductor?

diode 1n4148

Un diode sisixhobo semiconductor Isebenza njengokutshintsha kwesimo esomeleleyo kunye nendlela enye yangoku. Nangona kukho ukungafani, njenge-LED okanye i-IR diode, ekhupha umbane we-electromagnetic. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kombala othile, okanye i-infrared radiation. Kwelinye icala, kweli nqaku, kuba siza kuthetha nge-1n4148, sinomdla kuphela kwabo basebenza njengabaphazamisi bangoku.

Igama diode livela kwisiGrike, kwaye lithetha "iindlela ezimbini". Ngaphandle koku, into eyenzayo ichanekile ngokuchaseneyo, oko kukuthi, kuthintela ukuhamba ngoku ukuya kwelinye icala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphawu lwe-IV lwe-diode luyathandwa, kuyabonakala ukuba inemimandla emibini eyahlukileyo. Apha ngezantsi kunomahluko othile onokubakho iya kuziphatha njengesekethe evulekileyo (ingaqhubeki), kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo njengesekethe emfutshane engenamandla amancinci ombane.

Ezi diode zine umanyano zeentlobo ezimbini ze-semiconductor P kunye no-N. Kwaye banendawo ezimbini zokudibanisa, i-anode (i-terminal efanelekileyo) kunye ne-cathode (i-terminal engalunganga). Kuxhomekeka kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngoku, iindlela ezimbini zokwahlulahlula:

  • Ukwahlulahlula ngokuthe ngqo: xa ukuhamba ngoku kudlula. Ipali engalunganga yebhetri okanye unikezelo lwamandla igxotha ii-elektroni zasimahla ezivela kwikristal ye-N kwaye ii-elektroni zijolise kwindlela yePN. Ipali elungileyo yebhetri okanye umthombo utsala ii-elektrononi ze-valence ezivela kwi-P crystal (ityhiliza imingxunya isiya kwindibano ye-PN). Xa umahluko onokubakho phakathi kweetheminali mkhulu kunomahluko onokubakho wendawo yokuhlawulisa indawo, ii-elektroni zasimahla ezikwi-N crystal zifumana amandla aneleyo okutsiba kwimingxunya kwi-P crystal kunye nokuhamba ngoku.
  • Ukuguqula ukwahlulahlulahlula: xa isebenza njenge-insulator kwaye ayivumeli ukuhamba kwangoku. Kule meko, i-polarization iya kuba yinto echaseneyo, oko kukuthi, umthombo uya kubonelela kwicala elichaseneyo, ubangele ukuba ii-electron zangoku zingene kwindawo ye-P kwaye zityhale ii-elektroni kumaqanda. Isiphelo esifanelekileyo sebhetri siza kutsala ii-elektroni ezivela kummandla we-N, kwaye oku kuya kuvelisa umtya oya kusebenza njenge-insulator phakathi kweendlela.
Apha sigxile kuhlobo olunye lweedayidi. Into iyahluka ngeefothodiode okanye ii-LED, njl.

Ezi zinto zenziwe ngokusekwe kumgaqo we Uvavanyo lukaLee De Forest. Ukuqala kokuvela yayiziivalves ezinkulu zokucoca okanye iityhubhu zokucoca. Ii-ampoules zeglasi ze-Thermionic ezinothotho lwee-electrode ezazisebenza kwezi zixhobo, kodwa zakhupha ubushushu obuninzi, zatya kakhulu, zazinkulu, kwaye zinokonakaliswa njengeebhalbhu zokukhanya. Ke kwagqitywa ekubeni kufakwe izinto zombuso eziqinileyo (semiconductors).

Izicelo

Iidayidi, ezinje nge-1n4148, zinazo ubuninzi bezicelo. Zizixhobo ezithandwayo kakhulu kwisekethe yangoku ye-elektroniki ethe ngqo nakwezinye ezikhoyo ngoku. Ngapha koko, sele siyibonile indlela kwifayile ye- unikezelo lwamandla bazalisekise umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu xa usuka kwi-AC usiya kwiDC. Leyo yinkalo yabo njengezilungisi, kuba batshintsha umqondiso wangoku we-sinusoidal oqhubekayo ngohlobo lweempulse ngokuvimba okwangoku kwicala elichaseneyo.

Banokusebenza njenge utshintsho olulawulwa ngombane, njengabakhuseli besekethe, njengabavelisi bengxolo, njl.

Iindidi zediode

Iidayode zinokuhlelwa ngokombane abunyamezelayo, amandla, izinto (umz: i-silicon), kunye nezinye izinto. Abanye be ezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo Zizo:

  • I-diode yomtshini: Zaziwa ngokuba ngumqondiso ophantsi okanye uqhagamshelo lwenqaku. Ziyilelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe kumaza aphakamileyo kakhulu nangoku. Ungazifumana zombini zenziwe ngegermanium (umqobo we-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.3 volts) kunye nesilicon (umqobo we-0.6 ukuya ku-0-7 wee-volts). Kuxhomekeke ekunyanzelweni kwemimandla ye-P kunye ne-N baya kuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo zokumelana kunye nokubola.
  • Isilungisi sedayidi: baqhuba kuphela ngokulungiselela ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko sendichazile ngaphambili. Zisetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-voltages okanye ukulungisa imiqondiso. Unokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokunyamezelana okwahlukileyo ngombane wangoku kunye noxhaswayo.
  • Zode diode: lolunye uhlobo oludumileyo. Bavumela ukuhamba kwangoku umva kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zolawulo. Ukuba polarized ngokuthe ngqo banokuziphatha njenge diode eqhelekileyo.
  • I-LED: I-diode ekhanyisa ukukhanya yahlukile kuleya yangaphambili, kuba into eyenzayo kukuguqula amandla ombane abe kukukhanya. Oku kuyabulela kwinkqubo ye-electroluminescence apho imingxunya kunye nee-elektroni zidibanisa ukuvelisa oku kukhanya xa kuthe ngqo.
  • Idayode kaSchottky: Ziyaziwa njengokuchacha ngokukhawuleza okanye izithuthi ezishushu. Zihlala zenziwe nge-silicon kwaye zibonakaliswa kukuhla kwamandla ombane amancinci kakhulu (<0.25v approx). Oko kukuthi, ixesha lokutshintsha liya kuba lifutshane kakhulu.
  • Idayidi kaSchockleyNgaphandle kokufana kwigama, kwahlukile kuleya yangaphambili. Inezihlanganisi ze-PNPN kwaye inamazwe amabini azinzileyo (ukuvimba okanye ukuphakama okuphezulu kunye nokuqhutywa okanye ukunganyanzeliswa okuphantsi).
  • Inyathelo lokubuyisela i-Diode (i-SRD)Ikwaziwa njengokugcina imali, kwaye inesakhono sokugcina intlawulo yokubetha okuhle kwaye isebenzise ukubetha okungalunganga kweempawu zesinusoidal.
  • Itonela diode: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Esaki, zisetyenziswa njengokutshintsha kwesantya esiphezulu njengoko zinokusebenza kwiianoseconds. Kungenxa yendawo yokudodobala ecekeceke kakhulu kunye nejika apho indawo enganyangekiyo iyancipha njengoko umbane usonyuka.
  • I-diacactor diode: yaziwa kancinci kunangaphambili, kodwa ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye iiprojekthi. I-varicap isetyenziswa njengombane ombane olawulwa ngokuguquguqukayo. Isebenza ngokungafaniyo.
  • I-Laser kunye ne-IR photodiode: Ziyi-diode ezifanayo kwii-LED, kodwa endaweni yokukhupha ukukhanya, zikhupha umtshangatshangiso othile wombane. Njengoko inokuba kukukhanya kwe-monochromatic (laser) okanye i-infrared (IR).
  • Ithutyana lokucinezelwa kweVoltage yeThutyana (TVS)-Yenzelwe ukugqitha okanye ukuphambukisa i-spikes zevolthi kwaye ukhusele imijikelezo kule ngxaki. Banokukhusela ngokuchasene nokukhutshelwa ngombane (ESD).
  • Iidayidi ezinedopu yegolide: zii diode ezinedopu zisebenzisa iiathom zegolide. Oko kubanika ithuba, kwaye kukuba banempendulo ekhawulezayo.
  • Idiode yePeltier: Olu hlobo lweeseli luvumela umanyano olunako ukuvelisa ubushushu nokupholisa kuxhomekeke kwicala. Olunye ulwazi.
  • I-divalanche diode: Ziyafana neZener, kodwa zisebenza phantsi kwenye into eyaziwa ngokuba sisiphumo se-avalanche.
  • abanye: Kukho ezinye ezinje ngeGUNN, umahluko wezangaphambili njengama-OLED kwizikrini, njl.

1n4148 diode yenjongo ngokubanzi

Isimboli kunye ne-pinout ye-diode 1n4148

El diode 1N4148 Luhlobo lwe-diode yokutshintsha idayidi esemgangathweni. Ngenye yezona zinto zidumileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwihlabathi le-elektroniki. Ikwomelele kakhulu, njengoko inezinto ezintle kakhulu ezichaziweyo ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi.

Igama lilandela Isigama seJEDEC, kwaye iluncedo kakhulu ekutshintsheni usetyenziso ukuya kuthi ga kumaza ali-100 Mhz kunye nexesha lokubuyela umva elingadluli kwi-4ns.

Historia

Texas Instruments yenziwe ngo-1960 i-diode ye-1n914. Emva kokubhaliswa kwayo kunyaka olandelayo, ngaphezulu kweshumi elinambini labenzi bayo bafumana amalungelo kuyo ukuyenza. Ngo-1968 i-1N4148 yayiza kufikelela kwirejista yeJEDEC, iqala ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zomkhosi nezamashishini ngelo xesha. Okwangoku baninzi abavelisa kwaye bathengise ezi zixhobo zombini phantsi kwegama 1N4148 naphantsi kwe-1N914. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zibini ligama kunye nokunye okuncinci. Bahluka kuphela kwinkcazo yangoku yokuvuza.

Ukuphuma kunye nokupakishwa kwe1n4148

1n4148 diode ihlala iza Ipakishwe phantsi kwe-DO-35, kunye nemvulophu yeglasi yezihlunu. Ungayifumana kwezinye iifomathi ezinje nge-SOD yokunyusa umphezulu, njl.

Ngokuphathelele isikhonkwane, inezikhonkwane ezimbini okanye iitheminali. Ukuba ujonga umgca omnyama kule diode, isiphelo esikufutshane nalo mgca umnyama iya kuba yicathode, ngelixa elinye isiphelo iya kuba yi-anode.

Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - ishiti yedatha

Iindidi

Ngokuphathelele iinkcukacha ukusuka 1n4148, zihlala zi:

  • Ombane aphezulu: 1v ukuya kwi-10mA
  • Ubuncinane bokuqhekeka kwamandla ombane kunye nokubuyisa ukuvuza okukhoyo ngoku: 75v kwi-5 μA; I-100 V kwi-100 μA
  • Ubuninzi bexesha lokubuyela umva: 4ns
  • Ukusasazeka kwamandla okuphezuluamandla: 500mW

Uyithenga phi i-1n4148

Ukuba ufuna thenga idayode ye1n4148 Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba sisixhobo esinexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ungasifumana kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki okanye kwi-intanethi kwiindawo ezinje ngeAmazon. Umzekelo, Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.