Ukuwelda kwe-SMD: zonke iimfihlelo zolu hlobo

I-SMD solder

Xa usebenza nePCB (iBhodi yeSekethe eprintiweyo), ngokuqinisekileyo kuye kwafuneka uyenzile Izinto zombane uhlobo I-SMD (Isixhobo sokuPhakamisa umphezulu)okt izixhobo zokunyuka komhlaba. La macandelo, endaweni yokuhamba ngebhodi okanye ukuthengiswa ngendlela yesiko, sebenzisa i-SMT (Surface Mount Technology), ukuthengisa ii-terminals zezi zixhobo kwiipads zomhlaba.

Obo buchwephesha bunjalo Umahluko ukuya kwimingxunya okanye kwi-throughole, Ezenziwa ngazo nezinye iintlobo zeebhodi ezintsonkothileyo ezenziweyo kwaye ezingasoloko zineendlela ezininzi ezinjengeebhodi zee-mama kunye nezinye iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo.

Yintoni i-SMD welding?

I-SMD solder

Itekhnoloji umphezulu wentaba, okanye i-SMT, Yeyona ndlela idumileyo yokwakha ekwenziweni kweePCB eziphambili. Obu buchwephesha busekwe kumacandelo aphakanyisiweyo angaphezulu komhlaba okanye i-SMC (i-Surface-Mounted Component), edityaniswe ngaphezulu kubuso bobabini be-PCB, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngayo. Zombini izinto zomhlaba kunye ne-solder zinokubizwa ngokuba yi-SMD.

Njengoko kunganyanzelekanga ukuba bahambe ngebhodi, zikwacompact ngakumbi, eziya kuvumela ukwakha iisekethe ezincinci kakhulu okanye, zonke izinto zilingane, zinzima ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, olu hlobo lwe Ii-PCB zihlala zi-multilayer, ngeendlela ezininzi zonxibelelwano kunye nobuso obungaphandle bezikhonkwane apho izinto ze-SMD ziya kuthengiswa khona.

Yenziwa njani le welding?

Ukuze ukwazi enze olu hlobo iwelding, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ziyafuneka. Isinyithi esiqhelekileyo esenziwe ngetsimbi asizukusebenzela wena, kuba incam yaso ityebile kakhulu ukuba ingabinokuchaneka ngokwaneleyo kwezinye iitheminali zezi zinto ze-SMD.

Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kwi-SMD soldering kufuneka ufumane ezinye herramientas ekhethekileyo apho

Ngokumalunga nenkqubo yokujoyina izixhobo nge-SMD soldering, iquka nje landela la manyathelo alula:

  1. Hlanganisa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo kwindawo osebenza kuyo. Qhagamshela isikhululo sakho se-soldering okanye i-iron soldering ukuyifumana kubushushu obufanelekileyo. Khumbula ukuba ii-welds ezibandayo ziyingxaki, kwaye kufanele ukuba kububushushu obufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale.
  2. Kwividiyo kamva, siqala kwi-chip esele ithengisiwe, esuswayo emva koko ithengise entsha. Le miyalelo iqala ukusuka kwi-PCB ngaphandle kwento, ngokungathi ibikokokuqala ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa into.
  3. Beka ifayile ye- kuhamba kwindawo apho i-welding iyakwenziwa khona. Ukuhamba kuya kunceda ukuhambisa i-solder ngapha konxibelelwano.
  4. Faka isicelo se-tin encinci kwincam yesinyithi se-soldering ukuyenza ifakwe (ukuba awukwenzi oko ngaphambili). Ngamanye amaxesha i-tin yencam yanele ukuba i-solder eya kuthi isasaze kakuhle ngenxa yomsinga. Akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-tin ngakumbi kwezinye iimeko.
  5. Ngoku, ukuba yi-chip enezikhonkwane ezininzi, qhubeka nokurhuqa incam yesinyithi esine-longitudinally kwiiphedi nganye.
  6. Ngoku, xa icandelo libekwe kakuhle kumphezulu we-PCB apho kufanele ukuba liye khona, i-solder ubuncinci esinye sezikhonkwane ukukunceda ngenkqubo yokuma ukuze ingahambi kakhulu.
  7. Yongeza ukungxama ngakumbi kwiikhonkwane zecandelo, ngaphandle kokubhengeza ngaphaya kwezikhonkwane. Emva koko lungisa ngetin kwipleyiti, ngekhe ufune umntu ongamaziyo ngakumbi, njengoko senditshilo. Tsala nje incam eshushu ubude, hayi ecaleni.
  8. Kwimeko yokuba yi-IC enezikhonkwane ezisondeleyo (ngokubanzi, ukuba awurhuqi ngelinye ixesha ayifanele yenzeke, kodwa ukuba yenzekile ...), kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye izikhonkwane zinokujikeleza okufutshane. Ukuba oko kwenzekayo, sebenzisa i-solder remover ukususa i-tin engaphezulu ebangela ingxaki kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlukane ...

Ngokubanzi yenye yeentsimbi ezinzima kakhulu, kwaye Ufuna ukuziqhelanisa nobuchule. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, unokulandela amanyathelo kule vidiyo:

Zeziphi izinto ezinokudityaniswa ngale ndlela?

Amacandelo PCB

Unokudibanisa ubuninzi be Izinto zombane usebenzisa ubuchule be-SMD / SMT. Phakathi kwezinto ezinokuthengiswa kwii-PCBs ngale ndlela zezi:

  • Izixhobo zokwenziwa: Ezi zinto zenziweyo ze-SMD zinokwahluka kwaye zininzi iintlobo zeephakeji. Bahlala bezixhathisi ezincinci kunye nee-capacitors.
  • Izinto ezisebenzayo: zinokufakwa ngaphakathi kwiiphakheji ezahlukileyo, kwaye izikhonkwane zazo zithengiswa kwiipads zePCB. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo zii-transistors kunye ne diode. Ukubeka iitransistor ngendlela engeyiyo akunakwenzeka, kuba ineetheminali ezintathu endaweni yezimbini, njengakwimeko yangaphambili, kuya kubakho indlela enye yokuzibeka kumanqaku e-PCB yakho.
  • IC okanye iisekethe ezidibeneyoIichips ngobuninzi beephakeji zinokuthengiswa. Ezi zii-ICs ngokubanzi ezilula, nezipiniti ezi-6-16, nangona kunokubakho ezinye ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezikhonkwane ezingamakhulu ezinokuthengiswa kumhlaba kwi-PCB.

Nokuba loluphi na uhlobo lwezinto ezixhaswe yi-SMD soldering, olu hlobo lwe-solder lunalo ezintle:

  • Ikuvumela ukuba udibanise izinto ezinobungakanani obuncinci kwaye ugcine indawo kwi-PCB okanye wandise uxinizelelo lwamacandelo ukwenza iisekethe ezintsonkothileyo.
  • Ngokunciphisa ubude beetreyini, ikwaphucula indlela yokuziphatha kokunyanzelwa kwe-parasitic kunye ne-resistors.
  • Le welding ilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo netekhnoloji yakutshanje.
  • Uninzi lweeasidi, izinyibilikisi kunye nezicoci zinokusetyenziswa nazo.
  • Isiphumo sesekethe elula kakhulu, eyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo apho ubunzima bubalulekile, njengezixhobo zempi, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya, njl.
  • Ukuba zizixhobo ezincinci kakhulu, ikwasebenzisa amandla amancinci, kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obuncinci.

Njengoko kuhlala kunjalo, i-SMD soldering nayo inayo ngxaki:

  • Enye yeengxaki eziphambili zinikwa uxinano oluphezulu lokudityaniswa kukuba kuyakubakho indawo encinci yokuprinta iikhowudi okanye iilebhile zomhlaba ukubonisa izinto.
  • Ukuba zizinto ezincinci, i-welding inzima ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zamacandelo. Oko kwenza ukubuyisela izinto endaweni yazo kube nzima ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, ukuvelisa ezi zixhobo kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

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