Iindidi zoshicilelo lwe3D: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nobuchwephesha

Las Iiprinta ze-3D Ixabiso eliphantsi liyathandwa kwaye lithandwa ngakumbi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo lwe-3D, kwaye zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezingakumbi nangakumbi. Abasebenzi kuphela ukuprinta izinto ezinamacala amathathu kubenzi, iinjineli, iizakhiwo, njl.

Ukuba ucinga thenga umshicileli we-3D ekhaya okanye kwishishini lakho, kuya kufuneka wazi iintlobo zoshicilelo lwe-3D, umahluko, njl. Ukongeza, uya kwazi ezinye izitshixo zokukhetha ngcono izixhobo zakho ezintsha ...

Indlela yokukhetha umshicileli we-3D kunye neentlobo ze-3D zokuprinta?

Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yoshicilelo lwe-3D xa ukhetha umshicileli we-3D, ezinye iiparameter ezininzi zidlala indima. Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ujonge imibuzo emithathu ebalulekileyo:

• Ndingachitha malini? Uya kufumana iiprinta ezingabizi kakhulu, ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ee-euro, ukuya kwezinye ezixabisa amawaka ee-euro. Yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni uyabafuna ukuba isetyenziselwe ikhaya okanye ukusetyenziswa kobungcali.
• Yenzelwe ntoni? Omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ixabiso, kodwa kunye nokusebenza komshicileli we-3D. Umzekelo, ukwenza iziqwenga ezincinci zekhaya, awukhathali kakhulu ukuba incinci kwaye inesantya esisezantsi. Kodwa ukwenza iimodeli ezinkulu, kuya kufuneka ujonge abashicileli abadlula i-6 okanye i-8 ″.
• Zeziphi izinto endizifunayo? Amalungu asekhaya, kunye neeplastikhi zeplastikhi eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngePLA, ABS, PETG, njl. Endaweni yoko, ezinye iinkqubo zobungcali / zeshishini zinokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamalaphu, isinyithi, inayiloni, njl.

Iindidi zezixhobo:

Kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zamalungu, uzakufuna enye okanye olunye uhlobo lwempahla yokubonisa. Ngokucacileyo, iiprinta zasekhaya, endiza kugxila kuzo, azamkeli zonke iintlobo zezinto. Ngenye yeenkcukacha ezibonisiweyo, kunye imisonto edla ngokuxhasa Zizo:

• ABS: I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene yi-thermoplastic eqhelekileyo (umz. Iziqwenga ze LEGO zenziwe ngezi zinto). Ayinakuboliswa ziintsholongwane, kodwa kunzima kwaye inesithintelo esithile sokwakha izakhiwo eziqinileyo. Ikwanokuchasana okukhulu kwemichiza, inyibilika kuphela nge-acetone. Iyachasana kakuhle ne-abrasion, kunye neqondo lobushushu, kodwa inokonakaliswa xa ishiywe ngaphandle ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-UV.
• PLA-I-Polylactic acid iyabola (yenziwe ngembewu, efana ne-cornstarch), ngenxa yoko inobuhlobo ngakumbi nokusingqongileyo kwaye inokusetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zokulima. Ivumelekile ukuba isetyenziswe njengezinto zasekhitshini, ezinjengeiglasi, iiplastiki, izixhobo zokusika, njl. Nangona ukugqitywa kungagudisi njenge-ABS, ine-gloss ephezulu.
• HIPSI-polystyrene eneempembelelo eziphezulu ifana kakhulu ne-ABS, nangona ingaqhelekanga njengangaphambili.
• PET: I-Polyethylene terephthalate ixhaphake kwiibhotile zamanzi amaminerali okanye kwiziselo ezinxilisayo, nakwezinye izinto zokupakisha ukutya. Iyabonakala kwaye iyamelana neempembelelo kakuhle.
• I-Laywoo-d3Inokutshintsha umbala (ukukhanya / ubumnyama) kunye neqondo lobushushu, elibunika ubuninzi bezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwezinye izicelo ezibandakanya ulawulo lobushushu. Iipropathi zayo ziyafana ne-PLA, yomelele, kwaye ukuthungwa kwayo kuyafana nomthi, ngemithambo.
• ninjaflexI-elastomer ye-thermoplastic elastomer (i-TPE) yinto eguqukayo kakhulu, enokubanako ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Ukuba ujonge ukwenza iziqwenga eziguqukayo, yile nto uyikhangelayo.
• Nylon: Yinto ethandwa kakhulu (engeyiyo-polymer), uhlobo lwelaphu elisetyenziswe kwimpahla, imitya, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Akukho lula ukuyilawula, ke iinkcukacha zala maqhekeza azizukulunga kakhulu, kwaye zikhetha ukufuma. Ngenxa yayo inokuxhathisa kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu noxinzelelo.

Iindidi zoshicilelo lwe3D

Ukongeza kwimathiriyeli, zikwabalulekile iintlobo zoshicilelo lwe-3D. Kanye xa ukhetha umshicileli wephepha ucinga ukuba ufuna umshicileli we-inkjet, okanye i-laser, i-LED, njl., Xa ukhetha umshicileli we-3D kufuneka uqaphele ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisayo, kuba buya kuxhomekeka kuyo. ukusebenza kunye neziphumo:

• I-FDM (iFused Deposition Modeling) okanye i-FFF (I-Fament Filamentation): Luhlobo lokumiselwa kwendlela yokunyibilikisa ipolymer. I-filament ishushu kwaye iyancibilika ukuba ikhutshwe. Intloko iya kuhamba kunye ne-X, Y ngokulungelelanisa ngokolwazi olukwifayile yokuprinta ukwenza into kwakhona. Iqonga elakhelwe kulo likwahamba kulo mzekelo, kwaye liya kuhamba kwicala le-Z ukwenza umaleko ngokobume. Izibonelelo zale ndlela kukuba iyasebenza kwaye iyakhawuleza, nangona ingalunganga kwiimodeli ezinamacandelo aphuma kakhulu, kuba yenziwa ukusuka ezantsi phezulu.
• I-SLA (StereoLithography): I-stereolithography yinkqubo endala apho kusetyenziswa i-resin ye-photosensitive yolwelo eya kwenziwa lukhuni nge-laser. Yile ndlela ezenziwa ngayo izaleko kude kube kufezekisiwe isiqwenga sokugqibela. Inemiqobo efanayo ne-FDM, kodwa ifezekisa izinto ezinendawo entle kakhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi.
• I-DLP (ukuKhanya kokuKhanya kweDijithali)-Ukuqhubekeka kokukhanya kwedijithali yenye yohlobo lokuprinta kwe-3D okufanayo ne-SLA, kodwa isebenzisa ukukhanya kolukhuni kweefotopolymers. Iziphumo zizinto ezinezisombululo ezilungileyo kakhulu kwaye zomelele kakhulu.
• I-SLS (Ukukhethwa kweLaser Laser)Ukukhetha i-laser sintering kuyafana ne-DLP kunye ne-SLA, kodwa endaweni yolwelo basebenzisa umgubo. Isetyenziselwa iiprinta ezinenylon, ialuminium, kunye nezinye izinto zolu hlobo. I-laser iya kubambelela kumasuntswana othuli ukwenza izinto. Unokwenza nzima ukwenza izinto usebenzisa ukungunda okanye ukukhupha.
• I-SLM (Ukukhetha i-Laser Melting): Ihambile kakhulu kwaye itekhnoloji yexabiso eliphezulu, efanayo kwi-SLS. Ukunyibilika okukhethiweyo kwe-laser kuyasetyenziswa, kwaye kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yokunyibilikisa umgubo wentsimbi kunye nokwenza iindawo.
• I-EBM (i-Electron Beam Melting): Obu buchwephesha buhambele phambili kakhulu kwaye buyabiza, bujolise kwicandelo lezemveliso. Isebenzisa ukudityaniswa kwemathiriyeli kusetyenziswa umqadi we-elektroni. Inganyibilika umgubo wentsimbi kwaye ifikelele kubushushu obufikelela kwi-1000ºC. Iifom ezigqibeleleyo kunye neziphambili zinokuveliswa.
• LOM (Ukuveliswa kwento eLaminekileyo): lolunye lweentlobo zokuprinta i-3D ezisebenzisa imveliso ye-laminate. Amaphepha amaphepha, amalaphu, isinyithi okanye iplastiki asetyenziselwa ukwenza izakhiwo. Ezi zahlulo zidityaniswa sisincamathelisi kwaye zisikwe nge-laser. Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.
• BJUmatshini wokuJetting): Inaliti yebinder ikwasetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. Sebenzisa umgubo, njengezinye iindlela. Uthuli ludla ngokutyabeka, isamente okanye enye into edityanisiweyo eya kuthi ijoyine iileya. Isinyithi, isanti okanye iplastiki nazo zinokusetyenziswa.
• MJ (Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo): Inaliti yezinto yenye yeetekhnoloji zoshicilelo ze-3D ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lobucwebe. Sekusetyenziswe iminyaka, kwaye ifezekisa umgangatho ophezulu. Iziqendu ezininzi zakhiwe ngaphezulu komnye nomnye ukwenza isiqwenga esiqinileyo. Intloko itofa amakhulu amathontsi amancinci e-photopolymer emva koko ayinyange (ayiqinise) ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV).
•  I-MSLA (Imasked SLA): Luhlobo lwe-SLA efihliweyo, oko kukuthi, isebenzisa i-matrix ye-LED njengomthombo wokukhanya, ikhupha ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwiscreen se-LCD esibonisa iphepha elinye lokufaka imaski, yiyo loo nto igama. Ungafezekisa amaxesha aphezulu kakhulu okushicilela njengoko umaleko ngamnye utyhilwa ngokupheleleyo ngaxeshanye yiLCD, endaweni yokulandela umkhondo ngencam yelaser.
• I-DMLS (i-Laser Sintering ngqo)-Yenza izinto ngendlela efanayo ne-SLS, kodwa umahluko kukuba umgubo awunyibiliki, kodwa ufudunyezwa nge-laser ukuya kuthi ga apho inokuthi ifakwe khona kwinqanaba leemolekyuli. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo, iziqwenga zihlala zibuthathaka, nangona zinokuthi ziphantsi kwenkqubo yokufudumeza elandelayo ukubenza banganyangeki.
• I-DOD (ukulahla imfuno)Ukuprintwa kwemfuno yoluhlobo lolunye uhlobo lokuprinta kwe3D. Isebenzisa iijets ezimbini ze-inki, enye ifaka izinto zokwakha kunye nenye into enokunyibilika yezixhasi. Ikwadala umaleko ngomaleko njengobunye ubuchwephesha, kodwa bakwasebenzisa ukusika iimpukane okupholisha indawo yokwakha ukwenza umaleko ngamnye. Yiyo loo nto indawo ethe tyaba ifezekile. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino ngokuchaneka ngakumbi okanye ukwenza ukungunda.

Ayizizo zonke ezi zezokusetyenziselwa ikhaya, ezinye zenzelwe ushishino okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Ukongeza, zikho ezinye iindlela ezintsha ezivelayo, nangona zingadumanga.

Inqaku lomshicileli

Iiprinta ze-3D, nokuba ziphi na iintlobo zokuprinta i-3D, nazo zinenani leefayile ze- iimpawu zobugcisa eziya kugqiba ukusebenza. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyazi yile:

• Isantya sokuprinta: imele isantya umshicileli azakugqiba ukuprinta inxenye. Ilinganiswa ngeemilimitha ngesibini. Kwaye banokuba ngama-40mm / s, 150mm / s, njl. Ephakamileyo, lixa elincinci elithathayo ukugqiba. Khumbula ukuba ezinye iziqwenga, ukuba zinkulu kwaye zinzima, zinokuhlala iiyure ...
• Injector: Sisisiqwenga esiphambili, kuba iya kuba ngumphathi wokufaka imathiriyeli ukwenza ifomathi, nangona ingezizo zonke iintlobo zoshicilelo lwe-3D ezifuna enye, kuba umsebenzi othile ulwelo kunye nokukhanya. Kodwa uninzi lwezasekhaya lunazo, kwaye zenziwe ngala macandelo alandelayo:
  • Ingcebiso eshushu: lelona candelo libalulekileyo. Inoxanduva lokunyibilikisa intambo ngamaqondo obushushu. Iqondo lobushushu ekufikelelwe kulo liya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezixhobo ezamkelweyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe iinkqubo ezinesipholisi esisebenzayo.
  • Umlomo: kukuvulwa kwentloko, oko kukuthi, apho i-filament fused iphuma khona. Kukho ezinkulu ezinokubambelela okungcono kunye nesantya, kodwa ngesisombululo esisezantsi (iinkcukacha ezincinci). Ezincinci zihamba kancinci, kodwa zichanekile ngakumbi ukudala iimilo ezinzima kakhulu ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu.
  • Isikhuhli: isixhobo kwelinye icala lesipho esishushu. Kwaye ngoyena ujongene nokukhupha izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo. Unokufumana iintlobo ezininzi:
    • Ngqo: banolawulo olungcono kunye nomsebenzi olula. Banamagama ngenxa yokuba bondliwa ngokuthe ngqo yincam eshushu.
    • Bowden: Kule meko, intambo etyhidiweyo iya kuhamba umgama othile phakathi kwencam eshushu kunye ne-extruder. Oku kukhanyisa indlela yenaliti, ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuyivumela ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza.
• Ubhedi ofudumeleyo: Ayikho kubo bonke abashicileli, kodwa yinkxaso okanye isiseko apho icandelo liprintwe khona. Eli candelo linokufudunyezwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli candelo aliphulukani nobushushu balo ngexesha lokuprinta, kufezekiswa iziphumo ezingcono. Oku kuyimfuneko kwizinto ezinje ngeyiloni, iinyonga, okanye iABS. Ngaphandle koko, uluhlu ngalunye alunamathele kakuhle kolandelayo. Iiprinta zePET, iPLA, iPTU, njl, azidingi ibhedi eshushu, kwaye zisebenzisa isiseko esibandayo.
• Umlandeli-Ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, abashicileli bahlala benabalandeli ukugcina inkqubo ipholile. Oku kubalulekile ukugcina ukuthembeka komshicileli.
• I-STL: njengoko ubona kumxholo we isoftware yokuprinta, uninzi lweeprinta luyamkele ifomathi esemgangathweni ye-STL. Qiniseka ukuba umshicileli wakho uyazamkela ezi fomati zefayile.
• InkxasoNangona iiprinta ezithandwa kakhulu zihambelana neWindows, iMacOS kunye ne-GNU / Linux, kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yokuba ngaba kukho abaqhubi benkqubo yakho.
• Windows RTAbanye abashicileli bakwabandakanya ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umdla, ezinje ngezikrini ze-LCD ngolwazi malunga nenkqubo, uqhagamshelo lweWiFi ukudibanisa kwinethiwekhi, iikhamera ezakhelweyo ukuze zikwazi ukufota inkqubo yokuprinta, njl.
• Idibene ngokudibeneyo: Iiprinta ezininzi zikulungele ukukhupha kunye nokusebenzisa (kwabangenamava ngakumbi), kodwa ukuba uyayithanda i-DIY, unokufumana uyilo olungenaxabiso eliphantsi onokuluhlanganisa ngesiqwenga usebenzisa iikiti.