IsiKhokelo esiPheleleyo kwiiPrinta ze-3D

Imveliso eyongezelelweyo ineenkalo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, zombini kwicandelo lezolonwabo kunye neshishini kunye neteknoloji. Abashicileli be-3D beze ukuguqula indlela oshicilela ngayo kwaye bakha izakhiwo ezitsha, ezinokuqala kwizinto ezincinci ukuya kwizicubu eziphilayo kunye nezindlu, okanye iindawo ze-aerodynamic ze-motorsport.

Ukuza kuthi ga kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ushicilelo lwe-2D yayiyeyona nto yentsomi yesayensi. Abaninzi baphupha ngokukwazi ukuprinta izinto endaweni yemifanekiso okanye umbhalo kwiphepha elilula le-XNUMXD. Ngoku itekhnoloji ikhulile kangangokuba kukho itekhnoloji ezingenakubalwa, iimpawu, iimodeli, njl. Kwesi sikhokelo ungafunda okuninzi malunga naba bashicileli bakhethekileyo.

Yintoni i-voxel?

Ukuba awukaqhelani nayo ivokseli, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba yintoni na, kuba ekushicileleni kwe-3D kubalulekile. Sisishunqulelo se-English «volumetric pixel», cubic unit eyenza into-ntathu-dimensional.

Ngamanye amazwi, kuya kuba njalo i-2D elingana nepikseli. Kwaye, njengoko ubona kulo mfanekiso ungasentla, ukuba imodeli ye-3D yohlulwe yaziityhubhu, nganye kuzo iyakuba yivoxel. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba yintoni na, kuba abanye abashicileli be-3D abaphambili bavumela ulawulo lwe-voxel nganye ngexesha lokushicilela ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono.

Yintoni umshicileli we-3D

Umshicileli we-3D ngumatshini okwaziyo ukuprinta izinto ezinomthamo ukusuka kuyilo lwekhompyuter. Oko kukuthi, njengomshicileli oqhelekileyo, kodwa endaweni yokushicilela kwindawo ethe tyaba nakwi-2D, iyayenza enemilinganiselo emithathu (ububanzi, ubude nobude)). Uyilo apho ezi ziphumo zinokufumaneka khona zinokuvela kwimodeli ye-3D okanye yeCAD, kwaye nakwinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. XNUMXD scan.

Kwaye banako printa zonke iintlobo zezinto, ukusuka kwizinto ezilula njengekomityi yekofu, ukuya kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu ezifana nezicubu eziphilayo, izindlu, njl. Ngamanye amazwi, iphupha labaninzi ababefuna ukuba imizobo yabo eprintiweyo iphile ukusuka ephepheni ilapha, kwaye ingabizi ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphaya kweshishini, nasekhaya.

Imbali yoshicilelo lwe-3D

Imbali yoshicilelo lwe-3D ibonakala yamva nje, kodwa inyaniso kukuba kufuneka ibuyele emva kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Yonke into ivela umshicileli we-inkjet ukususela ngo-1976, ekuye kwenziwa inkqubela phambili yokutshintsha i-inki yokushicilela kunye nezinto zokuvelisa izinto ezinomthamo, ukuthatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo kunye nokumakisha izinto ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni le teknoloji ukuya koomatshini bangoku:

• Ngo-1981 isixhobo sokuqala soshicilelo se-3D sanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. uyenzile UGqr Hideo Kodama, weNagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute (Japan). Umbono yayikukusebenzisa iindlela ezi-2 ezahlukeneyo awaziqulunqa ukwenza ukongeza usebenzisa i-resin ebuthathaka kwifoto, efana nendlela iitshiphusi ezenziwe ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi yakhe yayiza kuyekwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwenzala kunye nenkxaso-mali.
• Kule minyaka ilishumi, iinjineli zaseFransi UAlain Le Méhauté, uOlivier de Wittte noJean-Claude André, yaqala ukuphanda itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ngokuqiniswa kweereyini ze-photosensitive kunye nokunyanga kwe-UV. I-CNRS ayinakuvuma iprojekthi ngenxa yokungabikho kweendawo zokufaka izicelo. Kwaye, nangona bafaka isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngo-1984, ekugqibeleni yayiza kuyekwa.
• uCharles HullKwi-1984, wayeya kufumana inkampani ye-3D Systems, iqulunqa i-stereolithography (SLA). Yinkqubo apho into ye-3D inokuprintwa kwimodeli yedijithali.
• La uhlobo lokuqala SLA umatshini 3D Yaqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1992, kodwa amaxabiso ayo ayephezulu kakhulu kwaye yayisesixhobo esisisiseko kakhulu.
• Ngowe-1999 kwaphawulwa esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo, ngoku kubhekiselwa kuso bioprinting, ukukwazi ukuvelisa ilungu lomntu kwilabhoratri, ngokukodwa isinyi somchamo usebenzisa i-synthetic coating kunye neeseli ze-stem ngokwazo. Esi siganeko sibalulekileyo sinemvelaphi kwi-Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, evula iingcango kumalungu okuvelisa ukutshintshwa.
• El Izintso eziprintiweyo ze-3D zaziza kufika ngo-2002. Kwakuyimodeli esebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokukwazi ukucoca igazi kunye nokuvelisa umchamo kwisilwanyana. Olu phuhliso lwenziwe kwakweli ziko linye.
• UAdrian Bowyer waseka iRepRap kwiYunivesithi yaseBath ngo-2005. Linyathelo lomthombo ovulekileyo lokwakha abashicileli be3D abancinci abaziphindaphindayo, oko kukuthi, banokuprinta iindawo zabo kwaye basebenzise izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezifana Imicu ye-3D.
• Emva konyaka, kwi Ngo-2006, iteknoloji ye-SLS iyafika kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokwenziwa kobuninzi bombulelo kwi-laser. Ngayo, iingcango zokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso zivuliwe.
• Ngo-2008 iya kuba ngunyaka womshicileli wokuqala nge ukukwazi ukuziphindaphinda. YayinguDarwin weRepRap. Kulo nyaka mnye, iinkonzo zokwenziwa ngokubambisana nazo zaqala, iiwebhusayithi apho abahlali babenokwabelana ngoyilo lwabo lwe-3D ukuze abanye baziprinte kwezabo iiprinta ze-3D.
• Inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo sele yenziwe kwi Imvume ye-3D prosthetics. Ngo-2008 iya kuba ngunyaka apho umntu wokuqala eya kukwazi ukuhamba ebulela umlenze wokufakelwa oshicilelweyo.
• 2009 ngunyaka we I-Makerbot kunye nezixhobo yabashicileli be-3D, ukuze abasebenzisi abaninzi bathenge ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye bakhe ababo umshicileli ngokwabo. Oko kukuthi, ijolise kubenzi kunye ne-DIY. Kwangaloo nyaka, uGqr Gabor Forgacs wenza elinye inyathelo elikhulu kwi-bioprinting, ekwazi ukwenza imithambo yegazi.
• El inqwelomoya yokuqala eprintiweyo kwi-3D yayiza kufika ngo-2011, eyenziwe ziinjineli ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseSouthampton. Yayiluyilo olungenamntu, kodwa lunokuveliswa ngeentsuku ezisi-7 kuphela kunye nebhajethi ye-7000 ye-euro. Oku kwavula ukuvalwa kokwenziwa kwezinye iimveliso ezininzi. Ngapha koko, kulo nyaka mnye iprototype yokuqala yemoto eprintiweyo iya kufika, i-Urbee nguKor Ecologic, ngamaxabiso aphakathi kwe-12.000 kunye ne-60.000 yee-euro.
• Kwangaxeshanye, ushicilelo lwaqalisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezibekekileyo ezifana isilivere eqaqambileyo kunye negolide ye-14kt, ngaloo ndlela uvula imarike entsha yeejewelers, ukukwazi ukwenza amaqhekeza angabizi kakhulu usebenzisa izinto ezichanekileyo.
• Ngo-2012 yayiza kufika ukufakelwa kwemihlathi yokuqala yokwenziwa I-3D ishicilelwe enkosi kwiqela labaphandi baseBelgium nabaseDatshi.
• Kwaye okwangoku imarike ayiyeki ukufumana izicelo ezintsha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo, kunye nokuqhubeka nokwandisa ngamashishini kunye namakhaya.

Okwangoku, ukuba uyazibuza ingaba umshicileli we-3d uxabisa malini, inokuqala ukusuka kwi-euro nje engaphezu kwe-100 okanye i-€200 kwimeko yexabiso eliphantsi nelincinci, ukuya kwi-€ 1000 okanye ngaphezulu kwimeko yeyona iphambili kunye nenkulu, kwaye ezinye ezixabisa amawaka eeuro kwishishini lecandelo.

Yintoni imveliso yokongeza okanye i-AM

Ushicilelo lwe-3D alukho ngaphezu koko imveliso eyongezelelweyo, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukwenzela ukuba udale iimodeli ze-3D, zigqithise iileya zezinto. Ngokuchasene ngokupheleleyo nokuveliswa kwe-subtractive, esekelwe kwibhloko yokuqala (ishidi, i-ingot, ibhloko, ibha, ...) apho izinto zisuswa kude kube yimveliso yokugqibela. Umzekelo, njengemveliso ethabathayo uneqhekeza elikrolwe kwilathe, eliqala ngebhloko yomthi.

Enkosi kule indlela yenguqu Unokufumana imveliso ephantsi yezinto ekhaya, iimodeli zeenjineli kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, fumana iiprototypes zovavanyo, njl. Ukongeza, le mveliso yongeziweyo yenze ukuba kube lula ukwenza iinxalenye ebezingenakwenzeka ngaphambili ngezinye iindlela ezinje ngobumba, i-extrusion, njl.

Yintoni i-bioprinting

I-Bioprinting luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwemveliso eyongezelelweyo, ekwakhiwe kunye nabashicileli be-3D, kodwa iziphumo zabo zihluke kakhulu kwizinto ezingenayo. UCanzibe ukwenza izicubu eziphilayo kunye namalungu, ukusuka eluswini lomntu ukuya kwilungu elibalulekileyo. Basenokwenza izinto ezihambelana ne-biocompatible, ezifana nezo zeprostheses okanye izifakelo.

Oku kunokufezekiswa ukusuka iindlela ezimbini:

• Isakhiwo, uhlobo lwenkxaso okanye i-scaffold yakhiwe ngee-composites iipolymers biocompatible ukuba azikhatywanga ngumzimba, kwaye iiseli ziya kuzamkela. Ezi zakhiwo zingeniswa kwi-bioreactor ukuze zizaliswe ziiseli kwaye xa sele zifakwe emzimbeni, ziya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe zenze indlela yeeseli zento ephilayo.
• Luphawu lwamalungu okanye izicubu umaleko ngokomaleko, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa izinto ezinjengeeplastiki, okanye ezinye, phila iinkcubeko iiseli kunye nendlela yokuqinisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-biopaper (i-biodegradable material) ukumila.

Basebenza njani abashicileli be-3D

El isebenza njani umshicileli we3d Ilula kakhulu kunokuba ibonakala ngathi:

1. Unokuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni ngesoftware ukuya Imodeli eyi-3d okanye uyilo lweCAD ukuvelisa imodeli oyifunayo, okanye ukhuphele ifayile esele yenziwe, kwaye usebenzise iskena se-3D ukufumana imodeli ye-3D kwinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
2. Ngoku unayo Imodeli ye-3D egcinwe kwifayile yedijithali, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kulwazi lwedijithali kunye nemilinganiselo kunye neemilo zento.
3. Oku kulandelayo ukusika, inkqubo apho imodeli ye-3D "inqunyulwe" ibe ngamakhulu okanye amawaka amacandelo okanye izilayi. Oko kukuthi, indlela yokusika imodeli ngesoftware.
4. Xa umsebenzisi ecofa iqhosha lokushicilela, umshicileli we-3D oqhagamshelwe kwiPC ngentambo ye-USB, okanye inethiwekhi, okanye ifayile edluliselwe kwikhadi le-SD okanye ipeni lokuqhuba, iya kuba itolikwe ngumqhubekekisi womshicileli.
5. Ukusuka apho, umshicileli uya kuhamba ukulawula iinjini ukuhambisa intloko kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuvelisa umaleko ngomaleko de imodeli yokugqibela iphunyeziwe. Ifana nomshicileli oqhelekileyo, kodwa umthamo uya kukhula umaleko ngokomaleko.
6. Indlela ezo maleko zenziwe ngayo inokwahluka ngokwetekhnoloji abaneeprinta ze3D. Ngokomzekelo, zinokuthi zenziwe nge-extrusion okanye nge-resin.

Uyilo lwe-3D kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D

Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni umshicileli we-3D kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo, into elandelayo yazi isoftware okanye izixhobo eziyimfuneko yoshicilelo. Into ebalulekileyo ukuba ufuna ukusuka kumzobo okanye umbono uye kwinto yokwenyani ye-3D.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezisisiseko zesoftware yabashicileli be3D:

• Kwelinye icala kukho iinkqubo ze Imodeli ye-3D okanye uyilo lwe-3D CAD apho umsebenzisi anokwenza ngayo uyilo ukusuka ekuqaleni, okanye aluguqule.
• Kwelinye icala kukho into ebizwa isoftwe yokusika, eguqula imodeli ye-3D ibe yimiyalelo ethile ukuze iprintwe kwiprinta ye-3D.
• Kukho i isoftware yokuguqula umnatha. Ezi nkqubo, ezinje nge MeshLab, zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa imida ye 3D imifuziselo xa zenza iingxaki xa zishicilelwa, kuba ezinye iinkqubo zisenokungayithatheli ngqalelo indlela abashicileli be-3D basebenza ngayo.

Isoftware yomshicileli we3D

Nazi ezinye ze eyona software yoshicilelo ye-3d, zombini ihlawulwe kwaye isimahla, kuba Imodeli eyi-3d y Uyilo lweCAD, kunye nesoftware yasimahla okanye evulelekileyo:

Sketchup

UGoogle kunye neSoftware yokugqibela yenziwe I-SketchUp, nangona ekugqibeleni idlule kwizandla zenkampani ye-Trimble. Yisoftware yobunikazi kunye nesimahla (eneendidi ezahlukeneyo zezicwangciso zentlawulo) kunye nethuba lokukhetha phakathi kokuyisebenzisa kwi-Windows desktop okanye kwiwebhu (nayiphi na inkqubo esebenzayo enesikhangeli sewebhu esihambelanayo).

Le nkqubo ye uyilo lwegraphic kunye nemodeli ye-3D yenye yezona zibalaseleyo. Ngayo unokwenza zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo, nangona ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuyila koyilo, uyilo lwamashishini, njl.

Ukukhuphela

UCura wokugqibela

Ultimaker uyenzile Cura, isicelo esenzelwe ngokukodwa abashicileli be-3D apho iiparameters zokushicilela zingatshintshwa kwaye ziguqulwe zibe yikhowudi ye-G. Yadalwa nguDavid Raan ngelixa wayesebenza kule nkampani, nangona ukugcinwa lula wayeya kuvula ikhowudi yayo phantsi kwelayisensi ye-LGPLv3. Ngoku ingumthombo ovulekileyo, ovumela ukuhambelana okukhulu kunye nesoftware yomntu wesithathu weCAD.

Namhlanje, ithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba i kweyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini, ngabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 abavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Ukukhuphela

prusaslicer

Inkampani yasePrusa ikwafuna ukwenza isoftware yayo. Sisixhobo somthombo ovulekileyo esibizwa ngokuba PrusaSlicer. Le app isityebi kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yemisebenzi kunye neempawu, kwaye inophuhliso olusebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngale nkqubo uya kukwazi ukuthumela ngaphandle imifuziselo ye-3D kwiifayile zomthonyama ezinokuhlengahlengiswa kuzo abashicileli bokuqala bePrusa.

Ukukhuphela

ideamaker

Le enye inkqubo isimahla, kwaye inokufakwa kuzo zombini IMicrosoft Windows, macOS, kunye neGNU/Linux. I-Ideamaker yenzelwe ngokukodwa i-Raise3D iimveliso, kwaye sesinye isilayi onokuthi ngaso ulawule iiprototypes zakho zoshicilelo ngendlela ekhawulezayo.

Ukukhuphela

Isimahla

IFreeCAD idinga iintshayelelo ezimbalwa, yiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo kwaye isimahla kuyilo I-3D CAD. Ngayo unokwenza nayiphi na imodeli, njengoko ubuya kwenza kwi-Autodesk AutoCAD, inguqu ehlawulwayo kunye nekhowudi yobunikazi.

Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kunye ne-interface enembile kwaye ityebile kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Kungenxa yoko le nto iyenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Isekwe kwi-OpenCASCADE kwaye ibhalwe kwi-C++ kunye nePython, phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GNU GPL.

Ukukhuphela

Blender

Omnye umntu omaziyo kakhulu kwihlabathi lesoftware yasimahla. Le software enkulu isetyenziswa nkqu ziingcali ezininzi, inikwe amandla kunye neziphumo inika. Ifumaneka kumaqonga amaninzi, anjengeWindows kunye neLinux, naphantsi kwelayisensi yeGPL.

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngale software kukuba ayisebenzi nje kuphela ukukhanya, unikezelo, oopopayi kunye nokudalwa kwemizobo emacala-ntathu kwiividiyo ezinoopopayi, imidlalo yevidiyo, imizobo, njl.njl., kodwa unokuyisebenzisa kwimodeli ye-3D kwaye wenze into oyifunayo ukuyiprinta.

Ukukhuphela

I-Autodesk AutoCAD

Liqonga elifana neFreeCAD, kodwa lishishini kwaye lihlawulwe. Iilayisensi zakho zine ixabiso eliphezulu, kodwa yenye yeenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinqanaba lobungcali. Ngale software uya kuba nakho ukwenza zombini i-2D kunye ne-3D yoyilo lwe-CAD, ukongeza ukushukuma, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kwizinto eziphathekayo, njl.

Iyafumaneka kwiMicrosoft Windows, kwaye enye yeenzuzo zayo kukuhambelana nayo Iifayile zeDWF, enye yezona zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye ziphuhliswe yinkampani ye-Autodesk ngokwayo.

Ukukhuphela

I-Autodesk Fusion 360

I-Autodesk Fusion 360 Inokufana okuninzi kunye ne-AutoCAD, kodwa isekelwe kwi-platform yefu, ngoko unokusebenza naphi na apho ufuna khona kwaye uhlale uneyona ndlela iphambili yale software. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka uhlawule imirhumo, engabizi ncam ncam.

Ukukhuphela

Tinkercad

I-TinkerCAD yenye inkqubo ye-3D yomzekelo inokusetyenziswa kwi-intanethi, ukusuka kwisikhangeli sewebhu, esivula kakhulu amathuba okuyisebenzisa ukusuka naphi na apho ufuna khona. Ukusukela ngo-2011 iye yafumana abasebenzisi, kwaye iye yaba liqonga elidume kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-3D abashicileli, kwaye nakumaziko emfundo, ekubeni ijika lokufunda lilula kakhulu kune-Autodesk.

Ukukhuphela

UMeshlab

Iyafumaneka kwiLinux, Windows, kunye neMacOS, kwaye isimahla kwaye ivuleleke ngumthombo. I-MeshLab yinkqubo ye-3D ye-mesh processing software. Injongo yale software kukulawula ezi zakhiwo zokuhlela, ukulungiswa, ukuhlolwa, ukunikezelwa, njl.

Ukukhuphela

Ulungelelaniso

Inkampani yaseYurophu i-Dassault Systèmes, esuka kwi-subsidiary ye-SolidWorks Corp., iphuhlise isoftware ye-CAD egqwesileyo kunye neyona ndlela yobuchwephesha ye-2D kunye ne-3D yemodeli. I-SolidWorks inokuba yenye indlela ye-Autodesk AutoCAD, kodwa kunjalo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulinganisa iinkqubo zoomatshini. Ayisimahla, kwaye ayingomthombo ovulekileyo, kwaye iyafumaneka kwiWindows.

Ukukhuphela

Creo

Ekugqibeleni, I-Creo yenye yeyona software ilungileyo yeCAD/CAM/CAE kubashicileli be3D onokuzifumana. Yisoftware eyenziwe yiPTC kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uyile inkitha yeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngokukhawuleza nangomsebenzi omncinci. Konke okubulela kujongano lwayo olunengqiqo eyilelwe ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kunye nemveliso. Unokuphuhlisa iinxalenye zemveliso eyongezelelweyo kunye neyokukhuphayo, kunye nokulinganisa, uyilo lokuvelisa, njl. Ihlawulwe, ivaliwe umthombo kwaye kuphela Windows.

Ukukhuphela

Ukushicilelwa kwe-3D

Inyathelo elilandelayo ukuyila usebenzisa isoftware engentla lushicilelo lokwenene. Oko kukuthi, xa usuka kuloo fayile kunye nomzekelo umshicileli we3D uqalisa ukwenza umaleko de ugqibe imodeli kwaye ufumane uyilo lokwenyani.

Este inkqubo inokuthatha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokushicilela, ubunzima beqhekeza, kunye nobukhulu bayo. Kodwa inokuhamba ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure. Ngexesha le nkqubo, umshicileli unokushiywa engajongwanga, nangona isoloko ilungile ukubeka iliso umsebenzi amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuthintela iingxaki ekupheliseni ukuchaphazela isiphumo sokugqibela.

emva kwenkqubo

Kunjalo, xa inxenye igqityiwe ukushicilelwa kwi 3D umshicileli, umsebenzi awupheli apho kwiimeko ezininzi. Emva koko abanye badla ngokuza amanyathelo ongezelelweyo aziwa ngokuba yi-post-processing bathanda:

• Ukuphelisa ezinye iindawo ezifuna ukuveliswa kwaye aziyonxalenye yemodeli yokugqibela, njengesiseko okanye inkxaso efunekayo ukuze inxalenye ime.
• Isanti okanye upholise umphezulu ukuze ufikelele kwisiphelo esingcono sokugqibela.
• Ukunyangwa komphezulu wento, njenge-varnishing, ukupenda, ukuhlamba, njl.
• Amanye amaqhekeza, njengamaqhekeza esinyithi, anokufuna ezinye iinkqubo ezifana nokubhaka.
• Kwimeko apho isiqwenga kufuneka sihlulwe sibe ngamacandelo ngenxa yokuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwakha yonke into ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, kunokufuneka ukuba udibanise iinxalenye (indibano, iglue, i-welding ...).

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Okokugqibela, icandelo kwi Ii-FAQ okanye imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa kunye neempendulo edla ngokuvela xa usebenzisa umshicileli we-3D. Ezona ziphandwa kakhulu zezi:

Uyivula njani i-STL

Omnye weyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo ngulo ungayivula okanye uyibonise njani ifayile ye.stl. Olu lwandiso lubhekisa kwiifayile zestereolithography kwaye zinokuvulwa kwaye zihlelwe yiDassault Systèmes CATIA software phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo zeCAD ezifana ne-AutoCAD njl.

Ukongeza kwii-STL, kukho kwakhona ezinye iifayile thanda .obj, .dwg, .dxf, njl. Zonke zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zinokuvulwa ngeenkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziguqulelwe phakathi kweefomati.

Iitemplates ze3D

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba akusoloko kufuneka wenze umzobo we-3D ngokwakho, unokufumana imodeli esele ilungile yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto, ukusuka kumanani ukusuka kwimidlalo yevidiyo okanye imuvi, ukuya kwizinto ezisebenzayo zasekhaya, iithoyi, iprosthetics, iimaski, ifowuni. iimeko, njl. Raspberry Pi, nokunye okuninzi. Ziyanda iiwebhusayithi ezinamathala eencwadi ezi iitemplates zilungele ukukhutshelwa kwaye ziprintwe kwiprinta yakho ye-3D. Ezinye iisayithi ezicetyiswayo zezi:

• Izinto ezahlukeneyo
• Indawo yokugcina i3D
• PrusaPrinters
• Cinga
• IGrabCad
• MyMiniFactory
• I-Pinshape
• TurboSquid
• 3DEThumela ngaphandle
• Mahala3D
• wangcangcazela
• XYZ 3D Igalari yoShicilelo
• Iinkonzo3D
• inokulungiswa
• 3DaGoGo 
• I-Free3D
• Ibamba
• NASA
• Izicwangciso zeSifundo seDremel
• Ilifu elimhlophe
• stlffinder
• sketchfab
• hum3d

Ukusuka kwimodeli yokwenyani (ukuskena kwe3D)

Enye into enokwenzeka, ukuba ufuna ukwenza kwakhona ikloni egqibeleleyo okanye ikopi yenye into ye-3D, kukusebenzisa a Iskena esine-3d. Zizixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba ulandele imilo yento, ukudlulisa imodeli kwifayile yedijithali kunye nokuvumela ukushicilelwa.

Usetyenziso kunye nokusetyenziswa komshicileli we-3D

Ekugqibeleni, abashicileli be-3D ingasetyenziselwa izicelo ezininzi. Usetyenziso oludumileyo olunokunikwa lu:

prototypes zobunjineli

Olunye lolona setyenziso ludumileyo lwabashicileli be-3D kwibala lobuchwephesha kukuchwetheza ngokukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, ukuchwetheza. prototyping ngokukhawuleza. Nokufumana iinxalenye zemoto yomdyarho, njengeFomula 1, okanye ukuyila iiprototypes zeenjini okanye izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngale ndlela, injineli iyavunyelwa ukuba ifumane inxalenye ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekufuneka ithunyelwe kumzi-mveliso ukuze ivelise imveliso, ize ifumane indawo. iiprototypes zovavanyo ukubona ukuba imodeli yokugqibela iya kusebenza njengoko bekulindelekile.

ulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo

ifoto: © www.StefanoBorghi.com

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye ngokusondeleyo oku kungasentla, zingasetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo kunye nokwenza iimvavanyo zoomatshini kubakhi bezakhiwo, okanye ukwakha iindawo ezithile ezingenakwenziwa kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ukwenza iiprototypes zezakhiwo okanye ezinye izinto njengeesampuli okanye iimodeli, njl.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuvela kwe abashicileli bekhonkrithi kunye nezinye izinto, ziye zavula ucango lokukwazi ukuprinta izindlu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokufanelekileyo nangembeko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kuye kwacetywa ukuba kuthathwe olu hlobo lomshicileli lusiwe kwezinye iiplanethi kwiikholoni ezizayo.

Uyilo kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ubucwebe kunye nezinye izixhobo

Enye yezona zinto zixhaphake kakhulu izacholo eziprintiweyo. Indlela yokufumana iziqwenga ezikhethekileyo nezikhawulezayo, ezineempawu zomntu. Abanye abashicileli be-3D banokuprinta amanye amakhubalo kunye nezixhobo kwimathiriyeli efana nenayiloni okanye iplastiki ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kukwakho nezinye ezisetyenziswa kwibala lobucwebe lobuchwephesha obunokusebenzisa iintsimbi ezibekekileyo njengegolide okanye isilivere.

Apha unokubandakanya iimveliso ezishicilelwe mva nje, njenge iimpahla, izihlangu, izixhobo zefashoni, Njl

Ukuzonwabisa: izinto ezenziwe ngomshicileli we-3D

Masingakulibali ukuzonwabisa, nto leyo uninzi lwabashicileli be3D basekhaya abasetyenziselwa yona. Olu setyenziso lunokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka ekudaleni inkxaso eyenzelwe wena, ukuphuhlisa imihombiso okanye iindawo ezisecaleni, ukupeyinta amanani abalinganiswa obathandayo, iimeko zeeprojekthi ze-DIY, iimagi ezenzelwe wena, njl. Oko kukuthi, kusetyenziso olungenzi nzuzo.

Ishishini lemveliso

Baninzi amashishini okuvelisa sele besebenzisa abashicileli be-3D ukuvelisa iimveliso zabo. Akunjalo nje ngenxa yeenzuzo zolu hlobo lwemveliso eyongezelelweyo, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yobunzima boyilo, akunakwenzeka ukuyidala ngeendlela zendabuko ezifana ne-extrusion, ukusetyenziswa kwe-molds, njl. Ukongeza, aba bashicileli baye bavela, bakwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu, kuquka iinxalenye zetsimbi zokuprinta.

Kukwayinto eqhelekileyo ukwenza iinxalenye kwizithuthi, kunye neenqwelomoya, njengoko zivumela ukuba kufunyenwe ezinye iindawo ezilula kakhulu kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Ezinkulu ezifana ne-AirBus, i-Boeing, i-Ferrari, i-McLaren, i-Mercedes, njl., sele inabo.

Iiprinta ze-3D kumayeza: amazinyo, iprosthetics, i-bioprinting

Elinye lamacandelo amakhulu ukusebenzisa abashicileli be-3D yi intsimi yezempilo. Zingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi:

• Ukuvelisa iiprothes zamazinyo ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi, kunye nezibiyeli, njl.
• I-Bioprinting yezicubu ezifana nesikhumba okanye amalungu okutshintshwa kwexesha elizayo.
• Ezinye iintlobo zeprostheses kwiingxaki zamathambo, iimoto okanye zemisipha.
• Amathambo.
• njalo

Ukutya okuprintiweyo / ukutya

Abashicileli be-3D banokusetyenziselwa ukwenza imihombiso kwiipleyiti, okanye ukuprinta iilekese ezifana neetshokolethi ezikwimo ethile, kunye nokunye ukutya okuninzi okwahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, i ishishini lokutya ikwafuna ukuqesha iingenelo zaba matshini.

Ukongeza, indlela ukuphucula ukutya okunesondlo, njengokuprintwa kweefayili zenyama ezenziwe kwiiprotheni ezihlaziyiweyo okanye apho iimveliso ezithile ezinobungozi ezinokuba kwinyama yendalo zisusiwe. Kukwakho nezinye iiprojekthi zokwenza iimveliso ze vegans okanye imifuno ezilinganisa iimveliso zenyama yokwenyani, kodwa zenziwe ngeprotein yemifuno.

imfundo

Kwaye, kunjalo, abashicileli be-3D sisixhobo esiya kukhukula amaziko emfundo, kuba kunjalo iqabane fantastic kwiiklasi. Ngazo, ootitshala banokuvelisa iimodeli ukuze abafundi bafunde ngendlela esebenzayo nenengqondo, okanye abafundi ngokwabo banokuphuhlisa isakhono sabo sobuchule kwaye benze zonke iintlobo zezinto.

Olunye ulwazi

• Eyona Resin 3D Printers
• Iskena se3D
• Iinxalenye zeprinta ze-3D
• Iifilaments kunye neresin yeeprinta ze3D
• Abashicileli be-3D boShishino abagqwesileyo
• Abashicileli be3D abangcono kakhulu basekhaya
• Abashicileli be3D abaphantsi kakhulu
• Uwukhetha njani owona mshicileli we-3D ungcono
• Konke malunga ne-STL kunye neefomati zoshicilelo ze-3D
• Iindidi zabashicileli be3D