Imoto yombane: yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nala macandelo

Njengoko uyazi, kukho inani elikhulu leemodeli ze yombane Kwimarike, ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kule bhlogi sele sihlalutye ezinye iintlobo ezithile zeemoto zombane zokuzisebenzisa kunye neeprojekthi ze-DIY, njengokuzilawula ngeebhodi zeArduino zisebenzisa PWM, kodwa banazo nezinye izinto ezininzi ezifana neerobhothi, njl.

Kweli nqaku uza funda okungakumbi malunga nezi ntlobo zeenjini eziba ngoku zichaphazelekayo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ...

Yintoni imoto yombane?

Un yombane ayisiyonto ngaphandle kwesixhobo esiguqula amandla ombane anikezelwe kuwo abe ngamandla oomatshini ajikelezayo. Oko kukuthi, i-Rotor iya kwenza ishafti ijikeleze xa kunikezelwa ngoku kuyo, kuba ivelisa amasimi amandla ngaphakathi kwayo ekwazi ukusebenza ngeekhoyili kunye neemagnethi ukuvelisa ukujikeleza.

Ngaphakathi kuya kubakho ifayile ye- stator kunye neRotor. Eyokuqala ikwindawo engaphandle kwaye ilungiswe kwizindlu zombane, ukongeza ekubeni zibunjwe ngoomazibuthe abazinzileyo (abemelwe kumfanekiso ongaphambili ziikhuselo ezibomvu neziluhlaza). Endaweni yoko, iRotor yinxalenye ehambayo eya kujikeleza ngenxa yesenzo se-stator sibulela kwiikhoyili zayo ezenza i-electromagnet (emelwe kumfanekiso ongaphambili ngoboya obomvu nobuluhlaza).

Ndiyathetha umazibuthe iya kuvelisa amandla anomtsalane kwaye ecekisekayo kwiijikelezo zerotor, kuxhomekeke kuphawu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iyenze ijikeleze ngaphakathi kwe-stator.

Kwakhona, ezinye zeemoto zombane ziyahlengahlengiswaOku akuthethi ukuba banokubuyisa umjikelo wokujikeleza, kuba oko kunokwenziwa ngumntu wonke, kodwa banokuba yimoto kunye nomvelisi. Oko kukuthi, xa ufaka amandla bayajikeleza kwaye xa ujikeleza i-axis yabo bavelisa amandla ombane kwiziphelo zabo.

Esi sisiqalo se abavelisi Ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yamandla, ezinje ngombane ovelisa izixhobo zokusila zomoya, okanye ezo zikhona kubushushu, kwizityalo zombane, njl. Ngapha koko, kwezinye izicelo banokusebenza kuzo zombini iindlela, ezinje ngeenjini zezithuthi ezithile ezinje ngeKERS okanye ukubreka ngokutsha koololiwe ...

Izixhobo

Injini ineothotho iimpawu eya kuchonga iimpawu zenjini. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ezona zibalulekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha iyunithi elungileyo. Umzekelo, ibalaselisa:

Potencia: zinokuvela kwi-mW embalwa kwimeko encinci kunye neyona ilula, ukuya kuthi ga kumawaka ee-watts kwimeko yezona zinamandla kwaye zinzima. Kwaye yandisa uluhlu lokusetyenziswa, ukusuka kwizixhobo ezincinci ze-elektroniki ukuya kwizicelo zeshishini Kuxhomekeke kumandla ayo, uya kuba namandla angaphezulu nangaphantsi okujika.
Uhlobo kunye nohlobo lwangoku: kukho umbane ongaphantsi nangaphantsi, ukusuka kwiinjini ezincinci ze-5v, 12v, ukuya kwezinye ezisebenza nge-220v okanye nangaphezulu. Ewe kunjalo, ukubonelelwa okwangoku kunokuba ngqo (DC) okanye kutshintshwe (AC).
Torque yemoto: Ngamandla apho i-motor shaft iya kujikeleza. Ihlala isebenza ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinjini, kodwa unokufumana iinjini ezingenamandla kunye nezinye ezinamandla ngakumbi. Abanye baya kuba nakho ukuvelisa i-torque ephezulu yokuhambisa izithuthi ezinzima.
Ukusebenza: Ayibhekiseli kumandla, kodwa ngokusebenza kwamandla. Ngokwesiqhelo ijikeleze iipesenti ezingama-75, ezinye iimodeli ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ezinye zisebenza ngakumbi.
Ukukhutshwa 0: Olu hlobo lwe-injini alukhupheli i-gesi ezingcolisayo kwi-atmosfera njengezinye izinto ezitshisa ngaphakathi okanye iigesi ezisabelayo. Kule meko, ekuphela kwento engcolisayo inokuba yindlela apho umbane ubanika amandla. Nokuba ivela kwimithombo enokuhlaziywa okanye hayi.
Ukukhenkcisa: Ngokuqhelekileyo azidingi ukupholisa njengezinye iinjini zokutsha. Banomoya opholileyo, nangona intsebenzo ephezulu inokufuna ukupholisa.
Ibhokisi yemiyalezo: azidingi iibhokisi zegiya ezinzima, isantya kunye nolwalathiso lokujikeleza kunokulawulwa ngombane. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuphindaphindwa kwegiya ukukhupha amandla okanye isantya esifunekayo ...

Iindidi

: CC

: CA

Akukho kuphela uhlobo olunye lweemoto zombane, njengoko sele ndikhankanyile, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezininzi. Kufuneka uyazi eyona ibalaseleyo, nangona kweli nqaku sigxile kwi-CC ngezizathu ezicacileyo zomxholo wale bhlog.

Los iintlobo zeemoto zombane Zizo:

Imoto yendalo yonke: Luhlobo lweemoto ezinokusebenza kunye neDC kunye ne-AC, nangona ingahlali rhoqo. Sisigaba esinye semoto esifana nothotho lweemoto zeDC, nangona kukho uhlengahlengiso oluthile. Zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko zinetorque yokuqala ephezulu kunoyilo kunye nesantya sokujikeleza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuxinana kwaye kungabizi. Zixhaphakile kwizixhobo eziphathwayo zazo zonke iintlobo kunye nezixhobo ezincinci.
Iimoto ezihamba ngqo zaNgoku (DC)Ezi motors zezona zihamba ngokuthe ngqo ngoku, njengoninzi lweemoto ozisebenzisayo kunye neArduino kunye nezinye iiprojekthi. Ngaphakathi kolu sapho kukho amaqelana anje ngala:
- Imincili ezimeleyo
- Imincili serial
- Ukukhupha okanye ukukhupha
- Ukucocwa kwekhompawundi okanye ukudibanisa
- Abanye: i-stepper okanye i-servo motor, iimoto ezingenasiseko, ezingenabhrashi
IiMotor ezikhoyo ngoku: zezo zisebenza ngokutshintshana okwangoku, zibe nkulu kwaye zisetyenziswe kwizixhobo zombane ezinkulu, kwimizi-mveliso, koomatshini, njl. Ngaphakathi unokufumana ii-subtypes ezinje:
- Ngqamaniso: Kolu hlobo lweemoto, i-axis yokujikeleza ijikeleza kumaza ombane okwangoku. Isantya sayo sokujikeleza sihlala sihleli, kuhlala sixhomekeke kumaza ombane womnatha wombane oqhagamshelwe kuwo. Umzekelo, kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya iya kuba yi-220v 50 / 60Hz.
- Enomdla: Ngulowo ujikelezayo ngesantya esahlukileyo kunendawo yemagnethi. Ngaphakathi kukho amacandelo anje ngala:
  - Isigaba esinye: Zizo ezo zisebenzisa umbane omnye wenqanaba, njengendlu. Ngaphakathi zezi:
    - Jiko Auxiliary
    - Loop mfutshane
    - Indalo iphela (jonga inqaku lokuqala)
  - Triphasic: I-stator inductor jiko layo lenzelwe ukuba iikhoyili ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zitshintshwe ngo-120º ngombane, ukwenzela ukuba xa inikezelwa nge-AC yesigaba esithathu, ukujikeleza kwerotor kunokwenziwa sisigaba ngasinye. Ngaphakathi ufumana:
    - Inxeba lenxeba (eliqhelekileyo).
    - I-Rotor emfutshane (ikhetshe le-squirrel).

Izicelo

Injini yombane ingasetyenziselwa Inani elikhulu lezicelo. Ukusuka kwizithuthi zombane, ngeendlela ezithile zokunyanzeliswa koomatshini, ukuya kwiidrones, iirobhothi, abaxube, iiprinta ze3D, iidrive hard, iimpompo zamanzi, izixhobo zasekhaya ezinje ngoomatshini bokuhlamba kunye nezitya zokuhlamba izitya, iiprinta eziqhelekileyo, iifeni, umbane, nokunye okuninzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigaba esinye Zezona zisisiseko zisetyenziswayo kwizicelo ezincinci kwaye kulula ukubuyisela umjikelo ngokutshintsha nje ubumbeko lwangoku olusetyenzisiweyo. Zifana nezixhobo ezincinci ze-elektroniki. Isigaba esithathu sisetyenziselwa usetyenziso olunamandla ngakumbi, njengemizi-mveliso.

Oko kungokutshintsha okwangoku. Kodwa kumenzi nakwilizwe le-DIY, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uyisebenzise Iimoto ze-dc. Ezi motors zincinci ze-DC ziqhelekile kwiirobhothi, iidrones, iiprinta ze3D, izithuthi zombane ezincinci, njl.

Ukuthenga phi

Unako thenga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Esi sixhobo, njengeemodeli zombane ozifumana kwiAmazon nakwezinye iivenkile ezizodwa:

Ulwazi oluthe kratya kwiinjini

Ndikucebisa ukuba ufunde nabanye amanqaku ahambelana ngeinjini ezinje ngezi:

Hardwarelibre

Imoto yombane: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi