Isekethe edibeneyo ye-555 yenye yezona chips idumileyo oya kuzifumana phakathi kwe Izinto zombane. Inokuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njenge NE555, NE555C, LMC555, TLC555, uA555, MC1455, LM555, njl. Isizathu sokuba yenye yezona zidume kakhulu kukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nenani lezicelo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe, njengoko ubona apha.
Kwesi sikhokelo uya kufunda yonke into oyifunayo malunga nale chip, kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa kwiiprojekthi zakho ezizayo, iingcebiso zokuyithenga ngexabiso eliphantsi, njl.
Yintoni i-NE555?
I-NE555, okanye ngokulula i-555, yi-IC esetyenziselwa velisa i-pulses, oscillations okanye njenge-timer. Ngoko ke, inokusetyenziswa njenge-oscillator, ukuvelisa ukulibaziseka, njl. Ungayifumana ngokubanzi kwiipakethe ezahlukeneyo, nangona eyona ixhaphakileyo yi-8-pin DIP (kukho ii-14-pin ezahlukeneyo), nangona inokuba kwipakethe yentsimbi ejikelezayo nakwi-SMD yokunyuswa komphezulu.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukufumana iinguqulelo ze-NE555 ngokusetyenziswa okuphantsi, kunye nokuba iinguqulelo ezimbini. Kwezi nguqulelo zimbini, iisekethe ezi-2 ezifanayo zibandakanyiwe ngaphakathi, ezinezikhonkwane eziphindwe kabini kwaye zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngama-556.
Kwinqanaba lobugcisa, le sekethi kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo nge-Vcc yombane, kwaye isiphumo sinokuba namandla aphezulu ngokufanelekileyo ukuba sibe yisekethe edibeneyo. Enyanisweni, le chip iyakwazi ngqo ukuqhuba iireyidi kunye nezinye iisekethe eziphezulu ze-drain ngaphandle kwesidingo samacandelo ongezelelweyo. Kodwa, ifuna ubuncinci benani lamalungu angaphandle ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza (ukulawulwa).
Abaninzi baya kuzibuza ukuba yintoni na yintoni ngaphakathi kwesi sekethe esidibeneyo. Ngaphakathi kwe-NE555, njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso wangaphambili, kukho umzobo webhloko onamabini I-amplifiers ezisebenzayo inyuswe njengabathelekisi, uhlobo lwe-RS lwesekethe ye-bistable lisebenzisa imveliso yalo elahlwayo, i-inverting output buffer ukuxhasa loo mveliso yangoku, kunye ne-transistor esetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-capacitor yangaphandle ukwenzela ixesha.
Kwelinye icala, kukho ne-3 resistors yangaphakathi enoxanduva lokuseta amanqanaba ereferensi yegalelo le-inverter yokuqala yokusebenza, kunye nokungaguquki okwesibini, kwi-2/3 kunye ne-1/3 ye-voltage Vcc ngokulandelanayo. Ukubhekisa kwi umqobo wombane ye-terminal yesi-6, xa idlula i-2/3 yombane wonikezelo okanye i-Vcc, ngoko imveliso iya kuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuqiqa (1) kwaye isetyenziswe kwigalelo le-bistable R, ngoko ke isiphumo esichasiweyo siya ku-1, sihluthise i-transistor kunye nokuqala ukukhutshwa kwe-capacitor yangaphandle. Ngaxeshanye, imveliso ye-555 iya kuhla (0).
En enye op amp, ukuba i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo kwi-inverting input iwela ngaphantsi kwe-1/3 ye-Vcc, imveliso ye-amplifier iya kumgangatho ophezulu (1), ngaloo ndlela isondla igalelo le-bistable S, idlulisa imveliso yayo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi (0), ukucima i-transistor. kwaye kubangele imveliso ye-NE555 ukuba ihambe ingqiqo phezulu (1).
Ekugqibeleni, kukho kwakhona a ukusetwa ngokutsha kwetheminali kwi-pin 4, edityaniswe kwigalelo le-R1 le-bistable flip flop. Xa le pin ivuliwe i-logic ephantsi (0), inokubuyisela imveliso ye-NE555 ukuya phantsi (0) naliphi na ixesha ukusetha kwakhona kuyadingeka.
Iimpawu zeNE555
Las iinkcukacha zobugcisa NE555, nangona inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiinguqulelo kunye nomvelisi, eyona ixhaphakileyo kukuba ufumana:
- Vcc okanye igalelo lombane: 4.5 ukuya ku-15V (kukho iinguqulelo ukuya kwi-2V). I-5V iyahambelana nosapho lwe-TTL olunengqondo.
- Igalelo langoku (Vcc +5v): 3 ukuya 6mA
- Igalelo langoku (Vcc 5v): 10 ukuya 15mA
- Ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku: 500 mA
- Awona mandla aphezulu acinyiweyo: 600 mA
- Ubuncinci bokusetyenziswa kwamandla: 30mW@5V kunye ne-225mW@15V
- Uluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo: 0ºC ukuya kuma-70ºC. Uzinzo lwamaza yi-0,005% nge ºC nganye.
I-NE555 iPinout
I-NE555, kwiphakheji yayo eqhelekileyo, ine 8 izikhonkwane. ipinout yile ilandelayo:
- I-GND (1): yipali engalunganga yonikezelo lwamandla, oluhamba ngokubanzi emhlabeni.
- Ukudubula okanye ukucupha (2): Le pin ibeka isiqalo sexesha lokulibaziseka ukuba iqwalaselwe njenge-monostable. Xa le pin ingaphantsi kwe-1/3 yombane wokubonelela, i-trigger iya kwenzeka.
- Phuma okanye uphume (3): kulapho isiphumo sesibali-xesha sifunyenwe, nokuba sikwimo ezinzileyo, i-monostable, njl.
- Qalisa kwakhona okanye ubuyisele (4): Ukuba iya ngaphantsi kwe-0.7 volts, iya kutsala i-pin yemveliso ephantsi. Ukuba le pin ayisetyenziswanga, kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kumandla ukunqanda isibali-xesha ekusetheni ngokutsha.
- Ulawulo okanye ulawulo lwamandla ombane (5): Xa i-NE555 ikwimo yokulawula umbane, i-voltage kule pin iyahluka ukusuka kwi-Vcc ukuya phantse kwi-0V. Ngale ndlela kuyenzeka ukuguqula amaxesha, okanye inokuqwalasela ukuvelisa iipulses zerempu.
- Umda okanye umda (6): yintsimbi yokufaka umthelekisi wangaphakathi osetyenziselwa ukutsala imveliso ephantsi.
- Khuphela okanye ukhuphe (7): Isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngokufanelekileyo i-capacitor yangaphandle esetyenziselwa ixesha.
- Vdc (8): yi-voltage yokubonelela, i-terminal apho i-chip idliswa khona ngee-voltages ukusuka kwi-4.5v ukuya kwi-16v.
Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula funda i-database yomenzi, njengoko kunokubakho umahluko phakathi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze 555. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa itshiphu ngokuchanekileyo, uqaphele ukuba inotshi engaphambili ijonge phezulu ukuze itshatise le pinout.
Imbali ye555
I-555 okanye i-NE555 yesiphaluka yayi uyilwe nguHans R. Camenzind ngowe-1971. Ngelo xesha ndandisebenzela i-Signetics (ngoku ephantsi kwe-NXP Semiconductors). UHans wayesele enamava kolu hlobo lweeprojekthi, ngaphambili ukuyila i-amplifiers ngo ukumodareyitha kobubanzi bepulse (PWM) kwizixhobo zomsindo, wayenomdla kwi-PLLs, njl.
UCamenzind angacebisa ukuba iSignetics iphuhlise isiphaluka sehlabathi esekwe kwii-PLL kwaye angacela abaphathi benkampani ukuba bayiphuhlise ngokwakhe, esebenzisa izixhobo zenkampani ngokutshintshiselana ngokusika umvuzo wakhe ngesiqingatha. Umphathi wentengiso wenkampani wamkela isiphakamiso, nangona abanye oogxa benkampani bathi ukusebenza kwexesha elizayo le-555 kunokutshintshwa kunye nezinye iitshiphusi ezikhoyo.
Iprojekthi iya kuthatha i-5xx amanani anikezelwe kwi-analog ICs. Kwaye ekugqibeleni kuya kukhethwa inombolo 555. Uyilo lokuqala luya kuhlaziywa ngo-1971 kwaye, nangona kwakungekho ziphoso, zinezikhonkwane ezisi-9. U-Camenzind wayenombono wokusebenzisa i-resistor ngokuthe ngqo endaweni yomthombo okhoyo ngoku kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yezikhonkwane kwi-8 yangoku.
Uyilo olusebenzayo olunezikhonkwane ezisi-8 luya kuchitha a uphononongo loyilo lwesibini kwaye iprototype ekugqibeleni yaziswa ngo-Oktobha 1971. Omnye weenjineli ze-Signetics ezikhoyo kuphononongo lokuqala uya kukhangela enye inkampani kwaye enze i-9-pin version yakhe. Ii-signetics okwangoku zaqala ukwenza kunye nokuthengisa i-NE555 ngokukhawuleza njengoko babenako. Ngowe-1972 yaveliswa ziinkampani ezili-12 yaza yaba yenye yezona ziphaluka zathengiswa kakhulu.
NE555 izicelo
Entre NE555 izicelo kukho ezo zokuba isibali-xesha okanye isibali-xesha esichanekileyo. Nangona yayivezwe ekuqaleni njengesekethe yokulibaziseka echanekileyo, kungekudala yafumana izicelo ezingenakubalwa ezifana nokusebenza njenge-oscillator enokuthenjwa, ijeneretha yerampu, isibali-xesha esilandelelanayo, njl. Yile ndlela eyaba yenye yezona chips zisetyenziswa kakhulu nanamhlanje.
555 ulungelelwaniso
Las NE555 ulungelelwaniso zenziwe ngoluhlu lwee-capacitors kunye ne-resistors ezixhunywe kwizikhonkwane zazo. Ngaloo ndlela unokutshintsha ixesha okanye iindlela zokusebenza zale IC. Nazi ezinye iisetingi eziqhelekileyo:
- Uqwalaselo lwe-Monostable: kule meko, imveliso ye-NE555 iya kuqala ibe yi-0 (inqanaba eliphantsi), kwaye i-transistor iya kuhluthwa ikhusela i-capacitor C1 ekuhlawuleni. Ukuba iqhosha licinezelwe, i-voltage ephantsi isetyenziswe kwi-terminal ye-trigger kwaye ibangela ukuba i-flip-flop iguqule isimo kunye nesiphumo ukuya kwi-1 (izinga eliphezulu). Kwimeko apho, i-transistor yangaphakathi iyayeka ukuqhuba kwaye i-capacitor C1 ihlawuliswa nge-resistor yangaphandle i-R1. Xa i-voltage ye-capacitor idlula i-2/3 ye-voltage yokubonelela (Vcc), i-bistable iyayitshintsha imeko yayo kwaye imveliso ibuyela kwi-0.
- I-Atable: kolu lunye ulungelelwaniso, xa uxhunywe kumandla ombane, i-capacitor ikhutshwe, kwaye i-NE555 imveliso iya kumgangatho ophezulu (1) de i-capacitor ifike kwi-2/3 ye-Vcc kunye nomthwalo wayo. Ngelo xesha, i-RS flip-flop itshintsha inqanaba kwaye imveliso ye-555 iba yi-0 okanye iphantsi. Ngelo xesha, i-capacitor C1 (okanye i-C emfanekisweni) iqala ukukhupha nge-resistor R2 kwaye xa ifikelela kwi-1/3 yombane wokubonelela, iqala ukutshaja kwakhona kwaye njalo ngelixa ukunikezelwa kugcinwa.
- Uqwalaselo lokuseta ngokutsha: kwimeko apho ufuna ukuseta kwakhona isiphaluka, unokudibanisa i-terminal yokusetha kwakhona ngokuthe ngqo kwipali echanekileyo okanye ugcine umgangatho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa i-resistor. Xa iqhosha eliboniswe kulo mzobo ulandelayo livuliwe, i-NE555 iya kuba nemveliso ku-0 xa ifunwa. Kufana nokuqalisa kwakhona isibali-xesha okanye ukusibeka kwindawo yokulala.
- UkuModelwa kwePulse Width (PWM): Isignali yezinga eliguquguqukayo ingasetyenziswa kwigalelo lolawulo lwe-NE555, ebangela ukuba i-pulse ye-output inyuke ngobubanzi njengoko inqanaba lalo mbane likhula. I-pulse inokwenziwa ukuba ifike ngokulibaziseka okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci njengoko i-voltage esetyenziswa kwigalelo lolawulo inyuka okanye iyancipha.
Ungayithenga phi i-NE555 ephantsi
Ungayifumana kwiivenkile ezininzi zombane ezikhethekileyo, nangona kulula ukuyifumana kwiAmazon ngamaxabiso amahle. Abanye imizekelo yeemveliso ezicetyiswayo Zizo:
- Ityala elinama-50 ejeneretha zepulse NE555P
- Imodyuli ye-NE555 ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokulula ngeArduino.
- Ipakethi yeeyunithi ze-10 ze-NE555N ezineesokethi zazo ezihambelanayo.