I-RTOS: yintoni inkqubo yokusebenza ngexesha langempela

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndenze intshayelelo malunga ne-STRs, inkqubo yokusebenza yeerobhothi, nangona ingeyiyo ncam i-OS njengoko iqondwa kwi-computing, kodwa kunokuba isakhelo se abaphuhlisi berobhothi. Ngoku lithuba lika I-RTOS, engeyiyo inkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa luhlobo oluthile lwendlela yokusebenza.

Ezi nkqubo zokusebenza zibaluleke kakhulu kwi izixhobo ezifakelweyo okanye ezifakwe ngaphakathi zomthamo omncinci, ekubeni zihlala zilawulwa ngabo. Ukongeza, zikwabalulekile kwizicelo zamashishini, kulawulo lweenkqubo ezininzi.

Yintoni i-RTOS?

Un I-RTOS (Inkqubo yokuSebenza ngexesha lokwenyani) Yiyo, njengoko igama layo libonisa, yinkqubo yexesha langempela lokusebenza. Oku kwahluka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zokwabelana ngexesha ukuba usebenza kwindawo apho iziphumo zemveliso zaziwa ngokusekwe kumagalelo enkqubo, kwaye zenzeka ngexesha elaziwayo. Ngoko ke, ziqikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zizinzile ukulawula imisebenzi ethile, kwaye iinkqubo zihlala zihlala ngokusisigxina kwimemori (kwiinkqubo zokwabelana ngexesha, umcwangcisi ulayisha kwaye akhuphe kwimemori engundoqo njengoko kufuneka).

por ejemplo, khawucinge nge-RTOS esetyenziselwa umatshini woshishino kumgca wendibano. Kuya kuba noxanduva lokuqhuba isoftware ukugrumba iinxalenye amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukuba umcwangcisi wenkqubo yokusebenza akazange asebenze ngexesha langempela, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kuqhuba ngamaxesha angaqhelekanga, okuya kubangela ukuba ukugaya kungenziwa ngexesha ... Ekubeni ixesha langempela, i-RTOS inokugqiba ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo. ngexesha le-X kwaye phinda ukuphunyezwa kwayo ukwenza konke ukomba ngexesha.

Ewe, ukuba yinkqubo yokusebenza, ikwabelana ngeziseko zayo nayiphi na enye i-OS, oko kukuthi, yinkqubo ekwaziyo lawula i-hardware kwaye unikeze uluhlu lweenkonzo kwiapps.

Iintlobo zeRTOS

Zininzi iintlobo Iinkqubo zexesha lokwenyani okanye iRTOS:

Hard Real-Time: yinkqubo yokusebenza yexesha lokwenyani engqongqo, apho iinkqubo zayo kufuneka zenziwe ngexesha elithile.
Ixesha elithambileyo lokwenyani: ixesha lokwenyani eliguquguqukayo, apho xa kusenziwa iinkqubo eziphantse zinganakwa zingalahleka ngamanye amaxesha, oko kukuthi, akukho ngqongqo njengangaphambili. Ukongeza, ziyilelwe ukuba ezi zifundo zexesha ziye zincinci.
Firm Real Time: Ii-SSOO zexesha langempela zexesha lolunye uhlobo apho ixesha lingalahleka, kodwa iimpendulo emva kwexesha aziyi kusebenza.

Usetyenziso lwe-RTOS

I-RTOS yinkqubo elula, ekhaphukhaphu esetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezilinganiselweyo okanye ezilula, ezifana nezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Oku kubenza bagqibelele izicelo bathanda:

ulawulo lwamashishini.
Ukutshintsha ifowuni.
Ulawulo lwenqwelomoya.
Ukulinganisa ngexesha lokwenyani.
izicelo zomkhosi.
Izixhobo zasekhaya.
Izixhobo zombane ezisisiseko zabathengi.
Iirobhothi.
Njl

Iimpawu zeRTOS

I-RTOS inenani le ezizodwa ezi zinto zibanika ezo nzuzo ngaphezu kweminye imisebenzi yolawulo elula. Ukuze uziqonde ngcono, kuyimfuneko ukwazi uluhlu lwamagama asisiseko:

inkqubo okanye umsebenzi: ludweliso lwenkqubo olusebenza ngokunxuseneyo neRTOS. Le nkqubo inokwenza imisebenzi emininzi, ukusuka ekulawuleni i-peripheral ukwenza ezinye izenzo.
Umsebenzi: Eli ligama elinikwe ixesha elithathwayo ukwenza inkqubo.
Isicwangcisi: Umcwangcisi we-RTOS ikuvumela ukuba ulawule izinto eziphambili kunye namaxesha eenkqubo ezenziweyo. Kwaye kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
- Intsebenziswano: ubiza iinkqubo eziphambili eziphambili kuqala kwaye xa inkqubo iphela ibiza enye okanye, ukuba inkqubo ithatha ixesha elide kunokuba ilindelwe, iyibulale kwaye ibize enye elandelayo.
- ukuhlutha: Ngamaxesha ngamaxesha ibiza inkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa oku kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ngenxa yokungajongwa kakuhle kwiinkqubo okanye ukuxhomekeka. Ukuze ugweme ezi ngxaki, ingcamango ye-semaphores yaziswa.
Irobhothi: basebenza ngendlela efanayo naleyo yezothutho, ukulawula xa inkqubo iqhubeka kwaye ikhubaza ukungena kwezinye iinkqubo kwaye, xa ishiya izibonelelo zikhululekile, inika "ukukhanya okuluhlaza" okulandelayo. ngena. Ezinye ii-RTOS zine-semaphores ezininzi, nganye ikhethekileyo kwisixhobo ekwabelwana ngaso.
Iiklasi: zisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana phakathi kweenkqubo, njengesithinteli, umzekelo kugcino lwedatha yethutyana okanye xa kukho izinto ezininzi ezibuyisela idatha kumamkeli omnye.
Ukuphazamiseka: zisebenza njengezo zeenkqubo zokusebenza zokwabelana ngexesha, kodwa kwi-RTOS kukho izinto ezikhethekileyo. Ezi ntlobo zokuphazamiseka zisetyenziselwa ulawulo lwexesha ngumlawuli.

Imizekelo ye-RTOS

Ukuba uyazibuza Iinkqubo zokusebenza zeRTOS ikhona, inyaniso kukuba kukho inani elikhulu, zombini umthombo kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo:

I-Arm OS: inkqubo yokusebenza eyilelwe i-Cortex-M, i-Cortex-R, i-Cortex-A, kwaye inikwe ilayisenisi phantsi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0.
i-ecos: phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GNU GPL elungisiweyo, yenye inkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo we-ARM-XScale-Cortex-M, CalmRISC, 680×0-ColdFire, fr30, FR-V, H8, IA-32, MIPS, MN10300, OpenRISC, PowerPC , SPARC, SuperH, kunye neV8xx.
emboss: yinkqubo ye-RTOS yobunini, ye-IoT kunye nezicelo ezifakwe kunye ne-ARM7/9/11, i-ARM Cortex-A/R/M, AVR, AVR32, C16x, CR16C, ColdFire, H8, HCS12, M16C, M32C, MSP430, NIsOS2 achitecture , PIC18/24/32, R32C, R8C, RISC-V, RL78, RH850, RX100/200/600/700, RZ, SH2A, STM8, ST7, V850, 78K0, kunye ne-8051.
IiFreeRTOS: phantsi kwe-MIT ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekileyo, yenzelwe ukuba ifakwe kunye ne-ARM, AVR, AVR32, ColdFire, ESP32, HCS12, IA-32, Cortex-M3-M4-M7, Infineon XMC4000, MicroBlaze, MSP430, PIC, PIC32, Renesas izakhiwo ze-H8/S, RISC-V, RX100-200-600-700, 8052, STM32, TriCore, kunye ne-EFM32.
Fuchsia: Yeyona nkqubo idumileyo yemithombo evulekileyo eyenziwe nguGoogle kwaye yenzelwe ukusebenza kuzo zombini ii-x86-64 kunye ne-ARM64.
IKolibriOS: inkqubo ye-RTOS ye-x86 phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GNU GPL yasimahla.
ilynxOS: enye i-RTOS, kodwa le yobunikazi, kunye nezakhiwo ezingafaniyo njenge-Motorola 68010, x86 / IA-32, i-ARM, i-Freescale PowerPC, i-PowerPC 970, kunye ne-LEON. Ukongeza, iqinisekisiwe iPOSIX.
I-Neutrino: inkqubo yexesha lokwenene ye-ARM, i-MIPS, i-PPC, i-SH, i-x86, kunye ne-XScale.
IPhoenix-RTOS: phantsi kwelayisensi ye-BSD evumelekileyo, ngenkxaso ye-ARMv7 Cortex-M, ARMv7 Cortex-A, IA-32, kunye ne-RISC-V ye-architectures.
QNX: yeyakho, kwaye yayithandwa kakhulu. Yenzelwe ukuxhasa i-x86-64, i-ARM32, i-ARM64, kunye ne-MIPS yangaphambili, i-PowerPC, i-SH-4, i-StrongARM, i-XScale.
Linux: Nangona isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimowudi yokwabelana kwexesha, i-kernel inokuphinda isebenze njengoqikelelo lwe-RTOS oluzinzisiweyo.
KwiWindows CE y Windows 10 IoT: IMicrosoft inazo ezi nguqulelo zexesha lokwenyani zenkqubo yayo yokusebenza yobunini.
track: phantsi kwelayisenisi ye-Apache 2.0 kukho kwakhona lo mthombo ovulekileyo we-RTOS ye-ARM (Cortex-M, Cortex-R kunye neCortex-A Series), x86, x86-64, ARC, RISC-V, Nios II, Xtensa, kunye ne-SPARC .

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