Arduino UNO: uhlalutyo lwepleyiti hardware libre ngokucokisekileyo

Ukusukela oko yasungulwa kwimarike isitya Arduino UNO, okuninzi kuguqukile kule bhodi ngemveliso yohlaziyo lwayo lwamva nje. Ukongeza, abavelisi bayo abafanayo bakhawulezile ukwenza ezinye iipleyiti ezifanayo kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo zokugubungela iimfuno ezingaphezulu kwezo bezigqunywe yi-UNO. Abanye abaninzi banobuganga bokwenza i-clone yabo okanye iibhodi ezihambelanayo, nangona kungenampumelelo efanayo.

Ngaphambi kokuvela kweArduino bekukho nezinye iiprojekthi ezifanayo, njengeebhodi ezidumileyo zeParallax ezineMicrochip PIC microcontrollers ezinokucwangciswa ngokulula kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezinje ngePBASIC phakathi kwezinye. Umzekelo wale nto yiSitampu esiSiseko se-2 esivela kwiParallax. Kodwa inyaniso yokuba akukho hardware libre Kwakuthetha ukuba babengenazo iingcambu ezifanayo kwimarike njengoko iprojekthi ye-Arduino iye yaba nayo. Ipleyiti yase-Italiya ngokwenene ibe yinguquko kule ngqiqo.

Yintoni Arduino UNO Rev3?

Arduino UNO I-Rev3 luhlaziyo lwamva nje ekhoyo ngalo mzuzu wale plate. Yibhodi encinci ye-elektroniki enesicwangcisi esilawulayo kwiPCB yayo. Ukongeza kwi-chip, ikwabandakanya uthotho lwezikhonkwane njengeziphumo kunye neziphumo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokwenza inkqubo ye-chip ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngale ndlela, iiprojekthi ze-elektroniki zinokwenziwa ngokulula kakhulu.

Esi sitya sivela kwi iprojekthi ye-arduino, Iprojekthi yase-Italiya yaqala ngo-2005 egxile ekuphuhliseni isoftware kunye nezixhobo ezivulekileyo zabafundi ikakhulu. Uyilo lokuqala lwalujolise kwiziko lase-Ivrea, e-Itali. Ngelo xesha abafundi beli ziko lemfundo basebenzise izitampu ezaziwayo zeBASIC esele ndikhankanyile ngasentla. Ezi zinendleko ezinkulu, kwaye bezingavulekanga.

Ngaphambi kwayo yonke loo nto, uHernando Barragán wayenze iqonga lophuhliso elibizwa ngokuba yi-Wiring, iprojekthi ekhuthazwe ngabantu abadumileyo Kuqhubekeka ulwimi lwenkqubo. Ngale nto njengesiseko, baya kusebenza ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nezilula zabafundi. Ke baqala ukwenza ibhodi yehardware ene-PCB kunye ne-microcontroller elula, kunye nokwenza i-IDE (Indalo yoPhuculo oluHlangeneyo).

Njengoko i-Wiring sele isebenzisa ibhodi ene-microcontroller ye-ATmega168, ezi zinto zilandelayo zilandelwe kukuqhelaniswa okufanayo. UMassimo Banzi kunye noDavid Mellis bangongeza inkxaso ATmega8 ye-Wiring, eyayitshiphu ngakumbi kunenguqulo ye-168. Kwaye ke intsholongwane yokuqala yale nto ivelayo namhlanje Arduino UNO. Iprojekthi ye-Wiring ibizwa ngokuba yiArduino.

Ngokunikwa amandla ala macwecwe, inkxaso engaphezulu yongezwa kuluntu ukuqhubela phambili nokwenza iiplate ezininzi. Ukongeza, ababoneleli be izinto zombane kunye nabavelisi baqala ukuyila iimveliso ezithile iyahambelana Arduino. Njengakwimeko yeeAdafruit Industries. Ukusuka apha kwavela amakhaka amaninzi kunye neemodyuli ezongeziweyo kula macwecwe.

Ukujongana nempumelelo enkulu, nayo yaveliswa Isiseko seArduino, Ukuqhubeka nokukhuthaza kunye nokubeka iinzame zeprojekthi yeArduino. Imodeli efanayo neminye imibutho efana neLinux Foundation, Raspberry Pi Foundation, RISC-V Foundation, njl.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lweArduino ezahlukileyo ziye zavela, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zefom kunye nabalawuli abancinci abancinci, kunye izinto ezininzi esithethe ngayo kule bhlog:

• 28BYJ-28
• IGyroscope
• IINKCUKACHA
• ESP8266
• Njl

Ulwazi oluneenkcukacha lwe Arduino UNO

Lo iplate Arduino UNO Inempawu ezithile ezenza ukuba ikhetheke, kwaye inothotho lokwahluka ngokubhekisele kwezinye iibhodi zeArduino esiza kuthi sigqamise ngazo.

Iimpawu zobugcisa, isikimu kunye nepinout

El I-pinout kunye neempawu zobugcisa bebhodi Arduino UNO ISityhi Kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani ngokufanelekileyo, kungenjalo awuyi kuyazi imida kunye nendlela echanekileyo yokudibanisa zonke izinto ze-elektroniki kwizikhonkwane nakwiibhasi ezikhoyo.

Ukuqala kuqala nge IIMPAWU zakhe, unayo:

• I-Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller nge-16 Mhz
• Imemori yebhodi ye-SRAM: 2KB
• Imemori ye-EEPROM edityanisiweyo: 1 KB
• Imemori yeFlash: i-32 KB, apho i-0.5 KB isetyenziswa yi-bootloader, ke ayinakusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo.
• Ombane Chip ukusebenza: 5v
• Ocetyiswayo umbane wobonelelo: 7-12v (nangona ixhasa u-6 ukuya ku-20v)
• Ukuqhubeka kwamandla ngoku: 40mA ye-I / O kunye ne-50mA yepini ye-3.3V.
• Izikhonkwane ze-I / O: Izikhonkwane ezili-14, eziyi-6 zazo PWM.
• Izikhonkwane ze-Analog: izikhonkwane ezi-6
• Cwangcisa kwakhona iqhosha ukuqala kwakhona ukwenziwa kwenkqubo elayishwe kwimemori.
• Ikhonkco ye-USB chip.
• Iwotshi ye-Oscillator yemiqondiso efuna isingqisho.
• I-LED yamandla kwi-PCB.
• Umlawuli ombane odibeneyo.
• Ixabiso elijikeleze i- € 20.

Ngokuphathelele izikhonkwane kunye nonxibelelwano iyafumaneka kwipleyiti Arduino UNO:

• Umgqomo Jack okanye DC Power Jack: sisihlanganisi sebhodi Arduino UNO ukuze ukwazi ukuwunika umbane. Ikhadi linokuxhotyiswa ngejack efanelekileyo kunye neadaptha yokubonelela ngee-volts ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-20. Ukuba uza kudibanisa inani elikhulu lezinto kwipleyiti, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kufuneka woyise isithintelo se-7v ukuze sanele.
• i-USB: Izibuko le-USB lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ibhodi yeArduino kwiPC, ngaloo ndlela ungayilungiselela okanye ufumane idatha kuyo ngezibuko le-serial. Oko kukuthi, ngokuyintloko kuya kukunceda ulayishe imizobo yakho ye-Arduino IDE kwimemori yangaphakathi ye-microcontroller ukuze ikwazi ukuyiphumeza. Inokuzalisekisa umsebenzi wamandla we-hob kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nayo.
• Iphini yeVIN: uya kufumana kwakhona i-VIN pin ekuvumela ukuba unike amandla ibhodi Arduino UNO usebenzisa ubonelelo lwangaphandle, ukuba awufuni ukusebenzisa i-USB okanye iJack engentla.
• 5V: unikezela umbane we-5V. Amandla aya kuyifumana ivela kwelinye lamatyala amathathu angaphambili onokuthi usebenze ipleyiti yakho.
• 3V3: le pin ikuvumela ukuba wondle i-3.3v ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50mA kwiiprojekthi zakho.
• GND: inezikhonkwane ezibini zomhlaba, ukudibanisa umhlaba weeprojekthi zakho zombane kubo.
• Cwangcisa kwakhona: isikhonkwane ukuseta ngokutsha ngokuthumela umqondiso OPHANTSI ngaso.
• Uthotho lwezibuko: Inezikhonkwane ezimbini 0 (RX) kunye no-1 (TX) ukufumana nokuhambisa idatha ye-TTL ngokulandelelana. Banxibelelana ne-microcontroller kwizikhonkwane zabo ze-USB-to-TTL.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle2 no-3, izikhonkwane ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ukubangela ukuphazamiseka ngokunyuka, ukuwa komphetho, okanye ixabiso eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi.
• SPI: ibhasi ikwi izikhonkwane eziphawulwe nge-10 (SS), 11 (MISOI), kunye ne-13 (SCK) onokuthi unxibelelane ngayo usebenzisa ilayibrari ye-SPI.
• A0-A5: Ngaba izikhonkwane zeanalog.
• 0-13: ngamagalelo edijithali okanye izikhonkwane zokuphuma onokumisela. I-LED encinci edityanisiweyo iqhagamshelwe kwipini ye-13 ukuba ukuba le pin iphezulu iya kukhanya.
• I-TWI: ixhasaunxibelelwano I-TWI isebenzisa ithala leencwadi. Ungasebenzisa i-pin A4 okanye i-SDA kunye ne-pin A5 okanye i-SCL.
• I-AREFIpeyinti yombane yereferensi yegalelo le-analog.

Maxwebhu

Ukuba yibhodi yemithombo evulekileyo, hayi kuphela uya kuyifumana i-datasheet Njengakwimeko yezinye iimveliso ezininzi ze-elektroniki. Unokuzikhuphelela amanye amaxwebhu kunye nemizobo ye-elektroniki eya kukunceda uqonde ukuba isebenza njani le bhodi. Arduino UNO ngaphakathi kwaye nokuba uzenzele ngokwakho ukuphunyezwa kweArduino. Umzekelo, unazo ezi nkcukacha zaseburhulumenteni zilandelayo:

• Ishiti yedatha Isilawuli esincinci se-Atmel ATmega Arduino UNO I-Rev3, ukugcina engqondweni i-voltages, imisinga, kunye nezinye izinto ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo ukusebenza kwayo.
• Ukuphuma okanye ukucofa imephu.
• Iifayile ze-EAGLE ezinezikimu zabenzi.
• Imizobo ye-elektroniki yebhodi Arduino UNO.
• Ubukhulu bePCB.

Umahluko kunye nezinye iibhodi zeArduino

Arduino UNO ISityhi sisitya esifanelekileyo kubo bonke abo baqala ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lwamacwecwe. Yintoni egqithisile, kukho iikiti zokuqalisa ukuze uqalise ngayo yonke into oyifunayo ifakiwe. Le khithi ayibandakanyi kuphela inani elikhulu lezinto ze-elektroniki ukuqala ukuziqhelanisa nazo, kodwa kunye nencwadana eneenkcukacha eneenkcukacha zokukunceda kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye iinguqulelo okanye iifomathi zebhodi yeArduino eziluncedo kakhulu kolunye usetyenziso oluphambili okanye ukumiliselwa kweprojekthi apho ubukhulu bukhona. Inkqubo ye- umahluko ophambili phakathi kwamacwecwe Zixhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo lwe-microcontroller edibeneyo, ezinye zinamandla ngakumbi kwaye zinememori engaphezulu yokubandakanya imizobo okanye iinkqubo ezinobunkunkqele, kunye nenani lezikhonkwane ezikhoyo. Kodwa ukuba sithelekisa iibhodi ezintathu ezithengisa kakhulu, umahluko zezi zilandelayo:

• Arduino UNO ISityhi: jonga icandelo elineempawu zobugcisa.
• UArduino MegaIxabiso liphakama ngaphezulu kwe- € 30, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci kunepleyiti ye-UNO. Ukongeza, ibandakanya i-ATmega2560 microcontroller enamandla ngakumbi esebenza kwi-16Mhz, kodwa ine-256KB yememori yefleshi, i-4KB ye-EEPROM, kunye ne-8KB ye-SRAM yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza, inezikhonkwane ezingaphezulu, kunye ne-54 yedijithali I / O, 15 PWM, kunye ne-analog eyi-16.
• IArduino MicroImele ubungakanani bayo obuncinci, incinci kune-UNO, nangona ngexabiso elifanayo. Kule ndawo incinci, idibanisa i-microcontroller encinci ye-ATmega32U4, kodwa esebenza nakwi-16Mhz. Imemori ilingana naleyo ye-UNO, ngaphandle kwe-SRAM, ene-0.5KB ngaphezulu. Izikhonkwane ziye zonyuswa ngaphandle kobungakanani obuncinci, nge-20 yedijithali, i-7 PWM kunye ne-analog eyi-12. Omnye umahluko kukuba isebenzisa i-USB encinci kunxibelelwano lwayo endaweni ye-USB. Ukuba mncinci kakhulu akuhambelani namakhaka okanye amakhaka njengala mabini angaphambili ...

IArduino IDE kunye nenkqubo

Inkqubo Arduino, nakwezinye iinguqulelo zayo, unayo i-IDE okanye indawo yophuhliso ebizwa ngokuba I-Arduino IDE. Iyahambelana zombini iiMacOS, iiWindows kunye neLinux. Sisixhobo simahla nesivulekileyo esinakho khuphela kule khonkco. Ngayo unokwenza iikhowudi zenkqubo ye-microcontroller chip ebhodini kwaye ke wenze ukuba iiprojekthi zakho zisebenze.

Iqonga lixhaswa lulwimi lwenkqubo yeArduino esekwe kumgangatho ophezulu wolwimi lwenkqubo processing, yona yona efanayo iyafana neC ++ eyaziwayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto baya kuba nes syntax efanayo kunye nendlela yokwenza izinto.

Ungazi ngakumbi malunga Uyisebenzisa kanjani iArduino IDE ngamanqaku kule bhlog achaza indlela yokudibanisa icandelo ngalinye le-elektroniki okanye imodyuli ebhodini, okanye ukhuphele ngokuthe ngqo ikhosi yenkqubo IArduino IDE kwiPDF simahla. Ngayo uya kufunda i-syntax kunye nolwimi lwenkqubo ukuqala ngeeprojekthi zakho ...