Elinye inqaku elitsha ukongeza "ilungu" elitsha kusapho lwe Izinto zombane ihlalutyiwe kule bhlog. Eli xesha lithuba loku capacitor yombaneUhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-capacitor apho uya kufunda khona zonke izinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka uyazi ukuqala ukuzisebenzisa kwiiprojekthi zakho ezizayo.
Ukongeza, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ngokusondeleyo iimpawu zobuchwephesha zezi capacitors, Umahluko kwii-ceramic capacitors, kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ...
Yintoni i-capacitor? 
Un capacitor, okanye capacitor, Yinto ebalulekileyo yombane esebenza njengechibi lokugcina, ukugcina intlawulo yombane ngohlobo lokwahluka okunokubakho ukuze uyikhulule kamva.
La ikaka egciniweyo igcinwe kumacwecwe amabini aqhubayo anokuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nemilo ye-capacitor. Ukuzifaka ngombane, kukho ii-dielectric sheet, oko kukuthi, zezinto zokwambathisa. Yiyo loo nto kufezekiswa ukuba ezi ntlawulo zigcinwa kwezi khaka ziqhubayo ngaphandle kokunxibelelana (ubuncinci ukuba i-condenser ikwimeko efanelekileyo kwaye ayigqobhozi...).
Amacwecwe ahlawuliswa inani elifanayo lentlawulo (q), kodwa ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo. Omnye uya kwenza + nomnye -. Nje ukuba uhlawuliswe, unako zisa imithwalo ukuyikhulula ngokuqhubekayo kwiitheminali ezifanayo ebezisetyenziselwa ukuyilayisha.
Ngendlela, ubungakanani bokutshaja kombane obagcinayo Ilinganiswa kwiiFarads. Icandelo elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezincinci ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiprojekthi zombane eziqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ii-submultiples ezinje nge microfarads (µF) okanye i-picofarad (pF) ziyasetyenziswa, ngamanye amaxesha i-nanofarad (nF) kunye ne-millifarad (mF). Ngapha koko, ukuba ngokwenza oko ufuna ukufikelela kumthamo oyi-1 F, uya kufuna indawo eyi-1011 m2 kwaye oko kuyothusa ...
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzimba ulinganiswa kwiiCoulombs, kwaye ukuba uyazibuza malunga nefomula yokubala, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni:
C = q / V
Oko kukuthi, umthamo we-capacitor phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini aqhubayo ulingana nentlawuliso kwiiCoulombs phakathi kwevolthi okanye umahluko onokubakho (volts) phakathi kweziphelo zombini okanye iiterminal ze-capacitor.
Ukusuka kuloo fomyula umntu unakho Cacisa V ukufumana umbane:
V = q / C.
Xa i-capacitor ihlawulisiwe, ayisiyiyo izakukhuphela ngephanyazo. Njengoko benditshilo ngasentla, iya kuyenza kancinci kancinci, njengokulayisha kwayo. Amaxesha aya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani be-capacitor kunye nokumelana kuthotho kunye nayo. Ukuphakama kokumelana, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukugqithisa ngoku ukuya kwi-capacitor kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuhlawula.
Nje ukuba i-capacitor ihlawulwe, ayisayi kuphinda yamkele ukubizwa kwaye iya kuziphatha njenge switch evulekileyo. Oko kukuthi, phakathi kweeterminal ezimbini ze-capacitor kuya kubakho umohluko onokubakho kodwa akukho ngoku kuya kuhamba.
Nje ukuba ufune ukukhupha capacitorIya kuyenza ngokuqhubekayo ngokuxhomekeke kukuxhathisa kunye nomthamo we-capacitor, ithathe ixesha elingaphezulu okanye elincinci.
Las iifomula ukumisela ixesha lokulayisha kunye nokwehlisa capacitor zezi:
t = 5RC
Oko kukuthi, ixesha lokuhlawuliswa / lokukhutshwa elilinganiswe ngemizuzwana liya kulingana namaxesha amahlanu ukuxhathisa kuthotho (kwii-ohms) kunye ne-capacitor kunye nentlawulo yayo. Ukuba ukuxhathisa bekuyipotentiometer, usenokude uguqule nexesha lokuba ikhuphe okanye ihlawulise ngokukhawuleza nangaphantsi okanye kancinci ...
Yintoni i-capacitor electrolytic?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-capacitors, ezinjengeenguqu, umoya, i-ceramic kunye ne-electrolytic. Kodwa yi-capacitor electrolytic kunye ne-ceramic capacitor efumene ukuthandwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-elektroniki.
El capacitor yombane Luhlobo lwe-condenser esebenzisa ulwelo oluqhubayo lwe-ionic njengenye yeepleyiti zalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ihlala inesikhundla ngaphezulu kwevolumu yeyunithi kunezinye iintlobo zee condensers. Ukongeza, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ezinje ngeemodyuli zemiqondiso kunikezelo lwamandla, ii-oscillators, iijenereyitha ezihamba rhoqo, njl.
Kolu hlobo lwee-capacitors a kwidayelektri eyi-aluminium oxide efakwe kwiphepha lokufunxa. Yiloo nto eya kuthi ikhusele amakhaka okanye iifoyile zentsimbi ezihlawuliswayo.
Njengoko ubona kwifoto, ukongeza kwii-capacitors eziqhelekileyo zeradiyali (iiterminal zabo zikwindawo engezantsi), kukwakhona yezihlunu, Ezinoyilo olufana nezinto ezichasayo eziqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, baya kuba nesiphelo kwicala ngalinye. Kodwa ayitshintshi iimpawu zayo okanye ukusebenza konke konke ...
Ukuthenga phi
Ukuba ufuna thenga i-electrolytic capacitor, unokuyifumana ngokulula kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo zombane okanye uzithenge kumaqonga akwi-intanethi afana neAmazon. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:
- Ibhokisi enekhithi ye-assortment ye-capacitors ye-electrolytic yamandla ahlukeneyo.
- Ibhokisi enekhithi ye-assortment yeeceramic capacitors zamandla ahlukeneyo.
- Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
- Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Njengoko ubona, ziyinxalenye ngexabiso eliphantsi...
Umahluko kunye nee-ceramic capacitors
Kukho mahluko Oku kuyaphawuleka phakathi kwe-ceramic capacitor kunye ne-electrolytic capacitor, kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela eyokugqibela ethanda ukuba nentlawulo eninzi kunye nevolumu, kodwa nezinye izizathu:
- Ukuba sinamathela kuphela kwinkangeleko, i-ceramic capacitor ihlala imile njenge-lentil, ngelixa i-electrolytic capacitor iyi-cylindrical.
- I-ceramic capacitor isebenzisa iifilili ezimbini zentsimbi kwiitheminali zayo ukugcina intlawulo. I-capacitor ye-electrolytic ine-foil yesinyithi kunye nolwelo lwe-ionic.
- Uninzi lwee-capacitors ze-electrolytic polarised, oko kukuthi, zinesiphelo + kunye nesiphelo ekufuneka uyihloniphile. Akunjalo ngeekheramic, ayizukubaluleka ukuba uzibeka njani kwisekethe.
- Oku kuthetha ukuba iiceramics zingasetyenziswa kwiisekethi ze-AC okanye ze-DC, ngelixa i-electrolytic capacitor isetyenziswa kuphela kwiisekethe ze-DC.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ceramic capacitor, i-electrolytic capacitor ine-series iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga:
- Ukuhlanjululwa, kuya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekutshintsheni iisekethe zangoku. Ngelixa i-ceramic, njengoko ingafakwanga polarized, iya kusebenza ne-DC kunye ne-AC ngokungakhathali.
- Ama-capacitors e-Electrolytic anesakhono esiphezulu, kodwa kunye nomthamo ophezulu. Iiceramics zinomthamo osezantsi, kodwa zinokudityaniswa ngcono kwizixhobo ezongeziweyo.
- Bakhuselekile kwiziphumo ezithile zentshukumo zoomatshini. Ezinye iiseramikhi zinokuchola ukungcangcazela kwaye ziziguqule zingatshintshi isiginali yombane, ngokungathi yimakrofoni ... Sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo sodongwe xa usicofa okanye usishukumisa (jonga i-Xtal, i-piezoelectrics, ...).
- I-capacitor ye-electrolytic isebenzisa i-insulating layers kwi-voltages ephezulu, ke ayizukusebenzela iintlobo ezithile zeesekethe. Iiceramics ziyamelana namandla ombane aphezulu.