Electroscope: uyenza njani into yekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ngokuqinisekileyo amaxesha amaninzi ubonile okanye, ubuncinci, uve malunga ne electroscope. Isixhobo sokulinganisa esisoloko sisetyenziswa njengomboniso kwiindibano zocweyo ezininzi nakwiiklasi zemfundo xa kujongwana ne-electromagnetism. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi, njengoko ubona kweli nqaku.

Apha uya kufunda Konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga ne-electroscope, indlela yokwenza into eyenziwe ekhaya, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukwenza imilinganiselo yeeparameter ezahlukeneyo okanye kuvavanyo lwasekhaya ... Isenokuba sisixhobo esihle semfundo ukufundisa abancinci nge-electromagnetism.

Yintoni i-electroscope?

Un electroscope Sisixhobo esiqulathe intonga yesinyithi ethe nkqo enxibelelana ngayo nentlawulo ethile. Kwiphepha elichaseneyo ineeshiti ezimbini ezicekethekileyo zetsimbi. Xa intlawulo iziswa kufutshane nencam ye-electroscope, ezi blade ziya kwahluka ngenxa yomqondiso olinganayo wezi ntlawulo zimbini eziveliswayo, zivelise amandla ombane ahlaselayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i intonga yesinyithi nkqo ihlala yenziwe ngobhedu, okanye efanayo, ngelixa amacwecwe kwelinye icala angenziwa ngegolide okanye ialuminium. Iimakhishithi ziya kufakwa kwibhokisi yeglasi ebonakalayo okanye ibhalbhu (iglasi ayinakunxibelelana namashiti okanye ngentonga). Iglasi, kwii-electroscopes ezinobungcali, inesakhelo sesinyithi esiya kuthi sidibane nomhlaba.

Isiphumo kukuba xa umthwalo usondela kwintonga ethe nkqo, i Iintsimbi zihamba ukuvulwa (bohlukene). Le ntshukumo yile ibonisa umsebenzisi ukuba kukho umthwalo okhoyo, kunye nokuqina kwawo, kuba banokuvulwa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke kuwo. Kwaye xa umthwalo ususiwe okanye urhoxisiwe, iincakuba zibuyela kwindawo yazo yokuphumla.

Nangona kunjalo, ayisixabiso lentengo ukulinganisa imithwalo ngokuchanekileyo, kuphela ukumisela ubukho babo. Yintoni enokumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo yile uphawu lomthwalo. Xa intlawulo ingophawu olufanayo nentlawulo eyaziwayo ye-electroscope, baya kuba luphawu olufanayo. Kodwa ukuba bayasondela, baya kuba ngokuchaseneyo.

Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba, kufanelekile, iimakhishithi kufuneka zihlale zikwindawo ngenxa yomthwalo. Kodwa oku akunjalo, umthwalo ulahlekile ngenxa yesiphumo se ukuqhuba kombane komoya ngaphakathi kwibhotile yeglasi (kufanele ukuba ayinanto ukuze ingabi njalo). Kodwa esi siphumo, kude nokuba sibi, sikwasebenza ukulinganisa uxinano lweeon emoyeni.

Historia

Esi sixhobo saqala ukudalwa ngu UWilliam Gilbert, ngo-1600. Kwaye wakwenza oko ukwenza amalinge ngeentlawulo zombane. Kwaye nangona ngelo xesha yayisebenzela loo nto, okwangoku ayinasetyenziso lungaphaya kwemfundo okanye ukwenza imiboniso ethile.

Kude kube namhla, zikho zixhobo loo milinganiselo ihlawulisa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi, nangokusebenza ngakumbi kunale nto ingena gwenxa ... Umzekelo, kukho iimitha zombane, izixhobo zokujonga izixhobo zombane, njl. Zonke zinezicelo ezahlukileyo.

Izicelo

I-electroscope, njengoko kufuneka sele uyenzile, isetyenziswa njengesixhobo linganisa ukuba kukho intlawulo yombane kunye nophawu lwayo. Kodwa ayinasicelo kuphela, into endiyichazileyo malunga nokulinganisa uxinano lweeon emoyeni ikwanika esinye isikhundla esingaziwa kakuhle.

Kwaye yile, i-electroscope, nayo inokusebenzela ukulinganisa imitha kwindalo esingqongileyo. Uhlobo lwe "Ikhawuntari yeGiiger»Ukuzenzela, nangona kungachanekanga kakhulu… Kodwa kwanele ukufumanisa ubukho bemathiriyeli eqhumayo okanye kwimitha ekufutshane.

Uyenza njani i-electroscope ekhaya

Yenza i-electroscope Kungumsebenzi olula kakhulu, kwaye unokwenziwa nakwizinto osele unazo ekhaya okanye ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona. Akukho mfuneko yotyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye ungayenza le nto nokuba incinci ukuze ufunde malunga nokusebenza.

Los izinto ekufuneka uqokelele:

• Imigca yefoyile yegolide okanye Ikhitshi lealuminium ekhitshini. Inokuba sisiqwengana esimalunga ne-2cm ubukhulu kunye ne-10cm enye ubude.
• Ucingo lobhedu ubukhulu bendonga ethe nkqo kunye nekhonkco eliya kubamba iincakuba.
• Ingqayi yeglasi enesivalo esigqumayo.
• Ngokukhetha - Ukuba awufumani mbiza enesiciko esigqunyiweyo, kwaye usebenzisa itoti yesiqhelo enesiciko sentsimbi, kuya kufuneka wongeze ityhubhu yokwambathisa ukuze intonga ethe nkqo ingadibani nesiciko sentsimbi. Ukugquma kunokuba sisigqubuthelo sekhebula sobhedu ngokwaso (ukuba sinaso), okanye ungasebenzisa umququ weplastiki okanye okufanayo ...

Ukwenza indibano, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ezinye izixhobo (iipleyiti zokugoba ucingo kunye nokusika, umpu oshushu onyibilikayo xa ufuna ukubamba yonke into ibhetele, ...), nangona inokwenziwa ngesandla. Malunga ne kwindibano uqobo, amanyathelo aya kuba:

1. Nje ukuba ube unazo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko, inyathelo lokuqala kukusika ekubumbeni ucingo lobhedu okanye intambo. Ucingo kufuneka lungabinanto, ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lobushushu njengoko kunjalo kwiintambo. Ukuba iyenzeka, kuya kufuneka uyicobule. Kuya kufuneka uvelise uhlobo lwekhoyili kwenye yeziiphelo zalo (inyoka), eya kuthi isebenze njengebhola yentsimbi. Ngale ndlela iya kuba nomhlaba ongaphezulu wokubamba iintlawulo (ii-elektroni) eziza kuyo.
2. Ngoku ngocingo ngokwalo, ngocoselelo ugqobhoze isiciko sekhokho yesikhephe. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba awunakukwazi ukuphatha ucingo, yenze nge-awl okanye kancinci ukuze ucingo lube nokuhamba ngayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyekelela. Kufuneka iqine ukuze ucingo lubanjiswe.
3. Elinye icala (elingena ngaphakathi kwisikhephe), wakube uwele nalo, liya kugoba L ubume kwaye kufanele ukuba icinywe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi embindini wangaphakathi wengqayi yeglasi. Yenza ubude obude kwaye usike ukuze ulingane kakuhle. Ukuba ubona ukuba ngasizathu sithile kukho into evulekileyo, ungayinamathisela kwisiciko usebenzisa umpu oshushu weglue, kodwa ulumke ungapheli inyoka, okanye i-L, ufumane iglu kuzo, kuba iyabambeka kwaye inokonakalisa ulingelo.
4. Emva koko sika iphepha I-foil 1 okanye 2 cm ububanzi kunye ne-10 cm ubude. Ungawonyusa okanye unciphise le milinganiselo ngokobukhulu bephenyane olithengileyo. Khumbula ukuba akukho xesha kufuneka bachukumise ezantsi okanye iindonga zesikhephe ...
5. Ngoku, phinda i-foil kwisiqingatha, kwaye usebenzise le nto Songa ukuxhasa indawo esembindini apho ugobe khona kwindawo ethe tyaba yentonga yobhedu (kwi-L). Yenze ngendlela yokuba amaphepha axhonyiwe kwaye asimahla ukuhamba, kwaye kwi-angle ye-45º. Oko kukuthi, bakhululekile kuzo zombini iindlela (ukubona ukuhlawulwa kophawu olwahlukileyo), kwaye uhambe kude (ukubona ukuhlawulwa komqondiso omnye).
6. Okokugqibela, yifake ngocoselelo intonga kunye nefoyile kwisitya kwaye cofa ikepusi ukuze itywiniwe kakuhle.

Ngoku ugqibile, umphumo kufuneka ube yinto efana nomfanekiso ongentla. Kuya kufuneka uzame ...

Thenga i-electroscope?

Olunye ukhetho lunokuba njalo thenga i-electroscope esele yenziwe. Zithengiselwa imfundo kwaye ezinye azibizi kakhulu. Nangona, eyona nto imnandi ukuyidala ...

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyoNazi ezinye:

• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
• I-Ajax yeSayensi, i-phitball electroscope.
• I-3B yeSayensi ye-Electroscope yeSayensi.
• Isayensi2Ezemfundo i-electroscope yemfundo.

Vavanya i-electroscope

Ngoku, ukuyivavanya, unokwenza izinto ezininzi. Eyona ilula kukuzisa incam ye-meandering kufutshane nento oyaziyo ukuba inentlawulo yombane, okanye umbane ongashukumiyo. Iziphumo ziya kuba intshukumo eziphelweni zeebhleyidi, kokubini umtsalane kunye nokugxeka kuxhomekeke kwintlawulo ...

Ukwenza vavanyo:

• Zisa intambo yokulinganisa engaphandle kwesikhephe kwinto oyaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ayinakulayishwa, uhlala ugcina isikhephe sime nkqo kwaye sizinzile. Uya kubona ukuba amashiti awahambi.
• Kwelinye icala, ukuba usebenzisa ibhaluni ehlawulisiweyo (uyiphulula ezinweleni zakho), uya kubona ukuba xa uyisondeza, ii-elektroni zerhafu engatshintshiyo zidluliselwa ngocingo lobhedu kwaye zifikelela kwimakhishithi yealuminium, nto leyo ebangela ukuba batyholwe kakubi bayagxothana (baya kuvula).