I-FPGA: konke malunga nezi chips kunye nenkqubo yazo

FPGA chip

Los Ii-FPGAs ziye zanda ngakumbi nangakumbi kumaxesha okugqibela. Ngaphandle kwezicelo zobuchwephesha ezi chip zihlala zihlala zisetyenziswa, kodwa kunye nee-DIYers kunye nabenzi abafuna ukumilisela isekethe ethe nca ngaphakathi kwe-chip kunye nazo zonke izibonelelo ezibonisa oku. Akungabizi kakhulu okanye kulula ukufumana umzi-mveliso wokuthumela uyilo okanye iipateni kwaye ube ne-chip yesiko eyenzelwe wena.

Kuyinyani ukuba ezinye iziseko zivumela yenza amaqebengwana amancinci okanye isonkana esisicaba ukwenza iichips ebantwini okanye kwiiyunivesithi ukuvavanya nazo. Ezi ntlobo zeefektri, njengoko benditshilo, kunzima ukuzifumana, zihlala zihlala phesheya kwaye azibizi. Emva kwethutyana, iisampulu zeetshipsi zakho zithunyelwa kwidilesi ekuvunyelwene ngayo, kodwa aziphathanga kuvavanyo lwazo okanye ukujonga ukuba ziyasebenza na. Konke kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwakho ...

Omnye Esinye isisombululo koku kukuthenga i-FPGA kunye nenkqubo nantoni na oyifunayo ukuze uyenze ngaphakathi kwe-chip ...

Yintoni i-FPGA?

Iiseli ezinokucwangciswa

I-FPGA imele iSango eliCwangcisiweyo leSango. Zizixhobo ezidijithali okanye iichips ezikwaziyo ukwenziwa ukuba zivumele nantoni na ukuba iphunyezwe. Oko kukuthi, ngamanye amagama, yinto engenanto apho "ungabhala." Oko kuthetha ukuba unokusebenzisa i-CPU, inkumbulo, isilawuli, nayiphi na ingcinga, njl., Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okukhawulezileyo kunye nazo zonke izibonelelo zokuba idityaniswe kwi-chip kwaye hayi ngezinto zombane.

URoss Freeman kunye noBernard Vonderschmitt, abaququzeleli beXilinx, ngabo abasungula i-FPGA ngo-1984. Bayenza njengendaleko kwiitshipsi ze-CPLD zelo xesha. Iitshipsi ezicwangcisiweyo ze-CPLD zineempazamo ezisombulule uyilo olutsha lwe-FPGA kwaye ukusukela ngoko ziye zavela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Imakethi ye-FPGA inesiqhamo kangangokuba iinkampani ziyayithanda I-Intel, i-Xilinx, i-Altera, i-Logic ekhawulezileyo, i-Lattice, njl., batyale imali eninzi ukuphucula ii-FPGAs ezingcono kunye neenkqubo zokungena ngaphakathi okanye ii-IDE zazo. Kungoko ukubonelela ngeqonga elilunge kakhulu lokuqhuba umsebenzi wabaphuhlisi okanye abenzi.

Okwangoku abavelisi abanikezeli nge-chip kuphela, kodwa bayabandakanya izinto ezininzi ezincedisayo Ukuzisa amathuba amaninzi kubaphuhlisi. Umzekelo, zibandakanya iiseli zememori yefleshi, iiseli zememori ze-SDRAM, njalo njalo.

Zenzelwe ntoni?

IDE kwinkqubo yeFPGA

Ke ngoko, i-FPGA inokufana ne-ASIC kodwa sinokukhetha izakuba yintoni. Umzekelo, sinokwenza ikhowudi ukuyicwangcisa kwaye siyiguqulele kwi-CPU, i-GPU, isongezo, isilawuli senkumbulo, okanye nayiphi na enye i-logic circuit eyenziwe kwi-chip enye.

Amathuba mahle ngokungapheliyo. Ngapha koko, ndincoma ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi opencores.org, indawo enikezelwe ekunikezeni intaphane yeeprojekthi hardware libre. Uya kufumana iikhowudi kwiVHDL, Verligo, njl., ngenxa I-RAM, i-CPU, i-GPU, abalawuli, ii-ALUs, ii-FPU, iikhowudi, kunye nexesha elide njl..

Ihlelwa njani?

Umdwelisi we-FPGA

Ukucwangcisa i-FPGA sinokuyenza ukusuka kwinkqubo yethu yokusebenza esiyithandayo, njenge-GNU / Linux, Windows kunye neMacOS, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iimeko zophuhliso lweWindows. Ngokubanzi, iinkampani ezifanayo ezenza i-FPGA ibonelele nge- I-IDE epheleleyo ngokupheleleyo oza kusebenza nayo kwaye ungazifumana phi zonke izixhobo ozifunayo kwisoftware efanayo.

Uya kuyidinga I-FPGA chip okanye ibhodi kunye nentambo eyimfuneko okanye inkqubo onokuqhagamshela ngayo i-FPGA kwi-PC yakho ukuze udlulise ikhowudi ebhaliweyo kwi-FPGA kwaye ke icwangcisiwe. Yinto efanayo nale uyenzayo ngebhodi yeArduino, ukubhala inkqubo yeArduino IDE kwimemori yenkqubo encinci yomlawuli.

Kwimeko ye-FPGA kuphela esinayo yimatriki okanye uluhlu lwezinto zokuqala ezinje ngeeseli zememori, KUNYE namasango, OKANYE, HAYI, iiFlip-flops, kunye nezinye. izinto ezisisiseko okanye iibhloko zekhompyuter zedijithali esinokuzisebenzisa. Ngenkqubo ebhaliweyo, into esiza kuyenza kukunyanzela indlela eziza kudityaniswa ngayo ezi bhloko zibalulekileyo ukwenza isekethe encinci esiyifunayo, njenge-ALU.

Oko kukuthi, ukuba sicwangcisa isongezo kwi-IDE yethu, iibhloko ezifanelekileyo zokuphumeza esi sidibanisi baya kudibanisa ngendlela echanekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-FPGA ukuze i-chip isebenze njengesongezo. Ngaba kulula ngokuchanekileyo? Ngokubanzi, iindlela ezininzi zisetyenziselwa le nkqubo kwinqanaba lomzimba, njengeenkumbulo okanye iifus ukwenza ikhonkco elisisigxina kwityala.

Isantya abasebenza ngaso siya kuxhomekeka iwotshi yexesha apho i-FPGA siyithengileyo isebenza khona. Umzekelo, ezona zisisiseko zihlala zisebenza kwi-50 Mhz, ezinye ziya kwenza njalo kumaza aphezulu kakhulu. Kwimeko ye-50 Mhz FPGA, oko kuthetha ukuba iyakusebenza kwinqanaba lamawaka angama-50.000.000 ngomzuzwana. Ukuba siyaqhubeka nesongezo endisinike umzekelo, uya kuba nakho ukwenza eso sixa semali ngomzuzwana omnye ...

Ukuqhubeka nomxholo we InkquboNje ukuba sazi ukuba ungabhala ikhowudi ngendlela esingenza ngayo kwi-IDE ye-Arduino okanye ukuphuhlisa nayiphi na enye inkqubo, kwaye ukubona ukuba yenziwa njani kwinqanaba le-Hardware, ndiza kuthi ayisiyonjongo enjalo. Endaweni yoko yinkcazo yentsimbi. Ngapha koko, iilwimi ezichaza izixhobo zisetyenziswa njengeVHDL, Verilog, njl.

Con le nkqubo ichazwe kwinqanaba elisengqiqweni yintoni isekethe encinci esifuna ukuyenza. Kwaye emva koko iya kwi-FPGA. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba amanye amaqonga avumela ukwenziwa kweenkqubo kwiilwimi ezinje nge-C ukuze zikwazi ukumilisela i-CPU kwi-FPGA kwaye emva koko zivelise iinkqubo zokufaka kwimemori kwaye ziqwalaselwe yiprosesa leyo.

Umdibaniso neArduino

Arduino-FPGA

Ii-FPGA zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba zininzi izixhobo kunye neekiti kwintengiso eziya kwenza ubomi bakho bube lula ukudibanisa I-FPGA ngeqonga leArduino. Umzekelo webhodi oza nokuzisa ii-FPGAs kwiiprojekthi zakho ngeArduino yiMKR Vidor 4000, nangona zikhona ezinye.

IMKR Vidor 4000 yibhodi eneetshipsi ezintathu. Enye yazo yi-FPGA, ngakumbi i-Intel Cyclone 10. Kukho nezinye iichips zeBluetooth LE okanye unxibelelwano olusezantsi lokusebenzisa kunye nokuhambelana kweWiFi. Uncediso olufanelekileyo lokubonelela ngeArduino yakho ngokudibana kwemisebenzi kunye nokubanakho ukuphumeza into oyifunayo kwi-FPGA.

Ngale nto une izixhobo zokwenza ngokwezifiso, iqwalaselwe nguwe ngokwenjongo oyifunayo. Oko kubonelela ngamathuba angenasiphelo.


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