I-actuator yomgca ye-Arduino: i-mechatronics yeeprojekthi zakho

I-Mechatronics luqeqesho oluxuba ubuchwephesha kunye ne-elektroniki, ukuba lisebe lezobunjineli elinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo etsala iirobhothi, i-elektroniki, ikhompyuter, unxibelelwano ngocingo, ulawulo, njl. Ukuya ngaphaya kweeprojekthi ze-elektroniki ze-DIY, kwaye uqalise ukuzama ukwenza iiprojekthi ezinokubakho, ungaqala ukudibanisa izixhobo ezinje iinjini okanye i-actuator yomgama yeArduino yakho.

Iyakuvula ilizwe elitsha elinokwenzeka yabenzi. Ngapha koko, le actuator yomgama yeyona isebenzayo ngokwamandla okwenza iintshukumo ezihambayo okanye ukunyanzelisa ezinye izinto. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi? Siyakuxelela ...

Iindidi zee-actuator ezinemigca

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-actuator, nangona kweli nqaku siza kugxila kulowo usebenzisa i-motor yombane ukuqhuba i-plunger. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zinokubakho nezinye iintlobo:

Izixhobo zamanzi: Basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lolwelo ukuhambisa ipiston. Umzekelo unokuba ngoomatshini abaninzi bezolimo okanye abembi bezinto zakudala, besebenzisa ezi piston kunye noxinzelelo lweoyile ukuhambisa iingalo ezichaziweyo, oomatshini bokushicilela be-hydraulic, njl.
Umbane: zii-actuator ezisebenzisa iscrew esingapheliyo esishukunyiswa yimoto yombane ukuvelisa intshukumo. Kukho uhlobo lwe-solenoid (i-electromagnet), esebenzisa umazibuthe ukuhambisa i-piston okanye i-plunger kunye nentwasahlobo ukuyibuyisela kwindawo yayo yoqobo xa loo ntsimi ingasebenzi. Umzekelo osebenzayo unokuba ngumzekelo wokugqibela endiwubonisayo kweli nqaku, okanye nezinye ezininzi zerobhothi, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini, njl.
Amavili: basebenzisa umoya njengolwelo, endaweni yolwelo njengakwimeko yoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Umzekelo wezi zinto zii-actuator eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwiindibano zetekhnoloji yamanye amaziko emfundo.

Eyona njongo iphambili yesi sixhobo yile tshintsha amandla i-hydraulic, i-electric okanye i-pneumatic kwi-linear thrust kule meko, okwenza ukuba amandla asebenze, aqhube, asebenze njengomlawuli, asebenzise enye indlela, njl.

Malunga ne-actuator yomgama we-elektroniki

Ngokusisiseko a i-actuator yomgama wombane ayisiyonto ingaphezu kwenjini yombane, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba yi-NEMA njengoko sele sibonile. Le motor ijika shaft yayo, kwaye ngokudibanisa amagiya okanye imixokelelwane enamazinyo iya kujika isikrufu esingapheliyo. Esi sikrufu singenasiphelo siya kujongana nokutyibilika kwepiston okanye intonga kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye (kuxhomekeke kwicala lokujikeleza).

Ese impompo iya kuba yeyona isebenza njengesixhobo sokutyhala ukutyhala into ethile, ukutsala into, ukusebenzisa amandla, njl. Izicelo zibanzi kakhulu. Njengoko ubona, kuyinto elula engagcini iimfihlakalo ezininzi.

Ezi zihambisi zomgama, ngokungafaniyo nezinye ezingezizo ezomgca, zinethuba lokukwazi ukusebenza imikhosi emikhulu kunye nokufuduswa iyaqwalaselwa (kuxhomekeke kwimodeli). Kodwa yeArduino, unemodeli ezinokuhamba ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-150 Kgf (amandla ekhilogram okanye kilopond), kunye nokushenxiswa kwe-100 ukuya kwi-180 mm.

Njengoncedo olukhulu yiyo isantya sokufudukaKungenxa yokuba ngokusebenzisa le mikhosi mikhulu, iivili zokunciphisa ezifunekayo ukonyusa i-torque ziya kunciphisa isantya sokwandiswa kunye nokurhoxa. Isantya se-4 ukuya kwi-20 mm / s sinokunikwa kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukugqibezela yonke inkqubo yomgama, inokuhamba ukusuka kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa kwimeko yokuba inde kwaye icotha ...

Ngokuphathelele eyakhe ukondla, Unazo ii-voltages ezahlukeneyo okanye ii-voltages. Umzekelo, into yesiqhelo kukuba zi-12 okanye 24v, nangona ungafumana ezantsi nangaphezulu kunoko. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo, banokubakho ukusuka kwi-2A ukuya kwi-5A kwezinye iimeko. Njengoko ubona, ukuba yinjini enamandla, ukusetyenziswa kuphezulu ... Ke ukuba ucwangcisa ukuyondla neebhetri, Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba banesakhono esifanelekileyo.

Ukulawulwa kwe-actuator yomgama

Umbane osebenza ngombane onokufumana iArduino unokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze ulawulo:

Nge potentiometer: Ngokusebenzisa i-potentiometer bavumela ukukhetha indawo yepiston.
Ukuphela kobomiUmda oswelayo kwisiphelo ngasinye uya kuyenza ukuba iyeke yodwa yakuba ifikelele encotsheni.
Ayilawuleki: abanazo naziphi na iinkqubo zolawulo ezingentla.

Phina

El isikhonkwane ye-actuator yomgama ayinakuba lula. Ineentambo ezimbini zokuhambisa ukondla i-motor yombane edibeneyo, kwaye akukho nto ingaphaya koko. Ke ngoko, akukho ngxaki. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni yokwandisa okanye ukurhoxisa isitshixo kukuba ukujikeleza kweemoto kufuneka kuguqulwe (ukungqinelana okwangoku).

Ukuze oko kwenzeke unako Sebenzisa isilawuli sebhulorho i-H njengaleyo isetyenziselwa iimoto ezikhoyo ngoku. Unokucinga ukuba umntu onjengaye uyakukhonza I-L298N, okanye abanye ibonwe, njenge-TB6612FNG, njl. Kodwa inyani kukuba akukho namnye kubo onamandla aneleyo kwezi zinto zihamba phambili zomgama (ukuba zinkulu). Ke ngoko, umlawuli uya kutshiswa aphele.

Ke ngoko, unokwakha kuphela ulawulo lwakho lwesantya usebenzisa ii-transistors ezinje nge-BJTs okanye ii-MOSFET, nkqu Ukubuyisela imeko eqinileyo ...

Kuphi ukuthenga i-actuator yomgca?

El xabiso ye-actuator yomgama iya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kubungakanani, isantya, ubude, kunye nakwinto enokumelana nayo. Ngokwesiqhelo unokuzifumana ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-200 euros. Kwaye uya kuzifumana ngokulula kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo zombane okanye kwezinye iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi ezinje ngeAmazon. Umzekelo:

Uninzi lwezi mveliso lukhuselekile uthuli kunye nokutshiza ngesiqinisekiso se-IPX54. Kwaye ugcine ukhumbula iingcebiso zomenzi, ubunzima obonisiweyo abuhlali buxhaswa kubo bonke ubude bolwandiso, kwezinye iimeko kuphela umda othile wobunzima oxhaswayo ukuya kufikelela kulwandiso oluthile.

Umdibaniso neArduino

Ezi ntlobo zee-actuator zinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuba uzidibanisa nebhodi yakho yeArduino. Ukwenza oku, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi yindlela onokwazi ngayo yenza umzobo woqhagamshelo nebheji yakho. Njengoko ubona, ayintsonkothanga kwaphela, ngenxa yoko ayibonisi ngxaki inkulu kakhulu.

Njengoko ubona kwisikimu esingentla endisizobileyo, ndisebenzise ii-relay ezimbini kunye ne-actuator yomgama. Inkqubo ye- imigca enemibala ubona oku kulandelayo:

Olubomvu nomnyama: Ezi ziintambo zomqhubi we-actuator eziya kulungelelwaniso ngalunye olusetyenzisiweyo.
grey: Uxhume emhlabeni okanye kwi-GND kuloluphi udluliselo njengoko ubona.
Azul: iya kunikezelo lwamandla eVin kulayini, kule meko iya kuba phakathi kwe-5v kunye ne-12v.
Verde: Imigca yeVcc yemodyuli iqhagamshelwe kwi-5v yebhodi yakho yeArduino.
greyUmhlaba nawo uqhagamshelwe kwimodyuli ye-Arduino GND.
Mfusa kunye orenji: yimigca yolawulo eya kuyo nayiphi na izikhonkwane zeArduino ukulawula ukujikeleza. Umzekelo, ungaya kwi-D8 kunye ne-D9.

Njengomzekelo we ikhowudi yemvelaphi ye-IDE yakho yeArduinoUmzobo wolawulo olusisiseko uya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

//configurar las salidas digitales
const int rele1 = 8;
const int rele2 = 9;
 
void setup()
{
   pinMode(rele1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(rele2, OUTPUT);
 
   //Poner los relés a bajo
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}
 
void loop()
{
   extendActuator();
   delay(2000);
   retractActuator();
   delay(2000);
   stopActuator();
   delay(2000);
}
 
//Activar uno de los relés para extender el actuador
void extendActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele1, HIGH);
}
 
//Lo inverso a lo anterior para retraer el émbolo
void retractActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele2, HIGH);
}
 
//Poner ambos releś apagados parar el actuador
void stopActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}

Unako lungisa ikhowudi ukubanakho ukulawula nokubeka i-plunger kwizikhundla ezithile ukuba unqwenela, okanye ukongeza izinto ezingaphezulu ...

Hardwarelibre

I-actuator yomgama weArduino: i-mechatronics yeeprojekthi zakho