I-Ceramic capacitor: yintoni na kunye neenzuzo zayo

Kule blog sele siphawule ngezinye Izinto zombane, kubandakanya i-electrolytic capacitors, kwaye zingajongwa njani. Ngoku kukujika kwe-ceramic capacitor, uhlobo oluthile lwezi zixhobo zokwenziwa ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ezininzi zazo zonke iintlobo, kwaye ezinezinto ezithile xa kuthelekiswa ne-electrolytic capacitors.

Ngesi sikhokelo uya kuqonda Bazintoni, indlela ezakhiwe ngayo, izicelo ezinokwenzeka, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nemizekelo ethile yokusetyenziswa kunye nalapho ungathenga khona.

Yintoni i-capacitor?

Un ikondensa Sisixhobo sombane esikwaziyo ukugcina intlawulo yombane ngendlela enokubakho umahluko. Yinto engenziwayo, enje nge-resistors, ii-potentiometers, iikhoyili, njl. Ngokuphathelele indlela yokufezekisa oku kugcinwa kwamandla, bayenza ngokugcina intsimi yombane.

IiCapacitors zinosetyenziso oluninzi, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa zombini kwiisekethe zombane kunye nakwiisekethe zombane, zombini yangoku ngqo kunye alternateting current.

i-ceramic capacitor

Un i-ceramic capacitor Ihlala inaloo milo ingaqhelekanga, ethi ngamanye amaxesha ijongeke njengelentile, nangona inokuthi iphunyezwe njengezinto zokubeka umphezulu (i-SMD), njenge-MLCC (esefashonini kakhulu ngoku ngenxa yeengxaki zamakhadi emizobo ye-NVIDIA). Kule meko, umehluko kunye nezinye iindidi ze-capacitors kukuba i-dielectric material esetyenzisiweyo yi-ceramic, ngoko ke igama layo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa iileya ezininzi, kunye amandla ahlukeneyo (ziqhele ukusuka kwi-1nF ukuya kwi-1F, nangona kukho ezinye ukuya kwi-100F), ubukhulu kunye neemilo zejometri. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeziphumo ezibi njengeeddy currents.

I-Ceramic (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-electrolytic (ekunene) capacitor

Enye yeeyantlukwano nge-electrolytics kukuba i-ceramic capacitor Abanayo i-polarity ngoko ke, zingasetyenziswa nangayiphi na indlela, kwaye ekutshintsheni imijikelezo yangoku ngokukhuselekileyo, into engenzekiyo kunye electrolytics, leyo ibe polarity echaziweyo kunye nezibonda kufuneka ihlonelwe ukuba awufuni ukugqiba nge capacitor eqhumayo.

Kwelinye icala, i-ceramic capacitor nayo inento entle impendulo rhoqo. Baphinde bavelele ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo ngenxa yezinto zabo eziphathekayo, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.

Imbali ye-ceramic capacitor

i-ceramic condenser yadalwa eItali, ngo-1900. Ekupheleni kwe-1930s, i-titanate yaqala ukufakwa kwi-ceramics (i-BaTiO3 okanye i-barium titanate), enokuthi yenziwe ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwezi zixhobo kwakukwizixhobo zombane zomkhosi ngexesha le-40. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, i-ceramic laminated capacitors yayiza kuqala ukuthengiswa, okwakuyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni i-electronics kwi-70s.

Iindidi ze-ceramic capacitors

Zininzi iintlobo ze-ceramic capacitor, ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo zezi:

• iisemiconductors: ziyizona zincinci, ekubeni zifezekisa ubuninzi obuhle, kunye nomthamo omkhulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Kule nto basebenzisa i-dielectric constant high, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci kakhulu.
• amandla ombane aphezulu: I-Barium titanate kunye ne-strontium titanate zisetyenziswa njengezinto ze-ceramic ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Nangona befumana i-coefficient ephezulu ye-dielectric kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo ye-AC, bane-advantvant yokutshintsha i-capacitance ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.
• multilayer ceramic capacitor: basebenzisa iileya ezininzi ze-ceramic okanye i-dielectric kunye ne-conductive material. Zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-monolithic chip capacitors. Zichanekile kakhulu, zincinci ngobungakanani kwaye zilungele ukugxumeka phezulu PCB. Ii-MLCCs ezithe zolu hlobo.

Los ii-ceramic disc capacitors ngokuqhelekileyo banamandla ukusuka kwi-10pF ukuya kwi-100pF, kunye nenkxaso yombane osuka kwi-16V ukuya kwi-15kV kwaye nangaphezulu kwezinye iimeko. Ezi zezona zidumileyo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-multilayer ceramic chwetheza MLCC, sebenzisa ukusila kweparaelectric kunye ne-ferroelectric materials kunye ne-metallic layers etshintshanayo. Zinokuba nemigangatho engama-500 okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nobukhulu obuyi-0.5 microns. Uluhlu lwayo lwezicelo luthe ngqo ngakumbi, kwaye lunamandla kunye nenkxaso yombane ephantsi kuneyangaphambili.

Izicelo

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ceramic capacitor, i Sebenzisa Zinokwahluka kakhulu, njengoko bendikhe ndaphawula ngaphambili:

• I-MLCC: ngokubanzi kwishishini lombane, kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, ukusuka kwiikhompyuter ukuya kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, oomabonakude, njl.
• abanye: Zinokususela kumbane ombane ophezulu kunye nezixhobo ze-AC kunye neenkqubo, ukuya kwii-AC/DC converters, ii-circuit frequency frequency, ukuya kwii-brush motors ze-DC ukunciphisa ingxolo ye-RF, iirobhothi, njl.

Iimpawu zeCapacitor

I-Capacitors, zombini i-electrolytic kunye ne-ceramic capacitors, inoluhlu lweempawu omele wazi xa ukhetha ezifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho. Ngaba iimpawu Zizo:

• Ukuchaneka kunye nokunyamezela: Njengabaxhathisi, i-capacitors nayo inokunyamezela kunye nokuchaneka. Kukho iiklasi ezimbini ngoku:
  • Iklasi yoku-1 yenzelwe izicelo apho ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuyadingeka kwaye apho i-capacitance ihlala ihleli kunye ne-voltage esetyenzisiweyo, ubushushu kunye nokuphindaphinda. Ezi zisebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka -55ºC ukuya +125ºC, kwaye ukunyamezelana ngokuqhelekileyo kuyahluka. ±1%.
  • Udidi lwe-2 lunomthamo ophezulu, kodwa aluchanekanga kwaye ukunyamezela kwabo kubi. Ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal kunokubangela ukuba amandla ayo ahluke ukuya kwi-15% kunye nokunyamezela malunga nokwahluka kwe-20% ngokumalunga nomthamo oqhelekileyo.
• format: Kukho ii-capacitors ze-ceramic eziqhelekileyo, zokuthengiswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwibhodi yophuhliso, ii-MLCC zeesekethe eziprintiweyo zanamhlanje okanye ii-PCB.
• amandla kunye nombane: ayizizo zonke ezixhasa umbane kunye namandla afanayo. Yiparameter ekuya kufuneka uyijonge xa ​​uthenga ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iyaluxhasa uluhlu oluza kusebenza kulo. Abo bangaphezu kwe-200 VA banokumelana nombane osuka kwi-2 kV ukuya kwi-100 kV, into eninzi, nakwiintambo zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ii-MLCCs zihlala zixhasa naphi na ukusuka kwiivolthi ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu eevolthi.

Iikhowudi

Iicapacitors zeCeramic zinamanani ama-3 akrolwe kwelinye lobuso bazo. Umzekelo, 101, 102, 103, njl, ukongeza kumaxabiso kwipF (pico farads). Ezi iikhowudi kulula ukuzitolika:

• Amanani amabini okuqala lixabiso le-capacitance kwi-pF.
• Inani lesithathu libonisa inani le-zero elisetyenzisiweyo kwixabiso.

por ejemplo, i-104 ithetha ukuba ine-10 · 10.000 = 100.000 pF, okanye yintoni enye i-100 nF okanye i-0.1 μF.

En imibhalo Ungabona kwakhona umenzi, amandla ombane axhaswayo, okanye ukunyamezela...

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

Ukuba uyazibuza malunga iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga yecapacitor yeceramic, amanqaku abalulekileyo ngala:

• Inzuzo:
  • Ubume obuqinileyo.
  • zitshiphu.
  • Ifanelekile ukutshintshwa kwangoku ngenxa yobume bayo obungeyo-polarized.
  • Ukunyamezela ukuphazamisa umqondiso.
• Iingxaki:
  • Ixabiso le-Capacitance lincinci.
  • Zinempembelelo ye-microphonic kwiisekethe.

Indlela yokukhangela i-ceramic disc capacitor

Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-ceramic disc capacitor, kwaye ukhangele ukuba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo okanye yonakele (isiphaluka esifutshane ngenxa yombane ogqithisiweyo, ...), unako landela la manyathelo:

1. Sebenzisa i-multimeter okanye i-multimeter ukujonga i-ceramic capacitor.
2. Jonga inqaku elinikezelwe koku...

apho uthenge ii-capacitors

Ukuthenga ezi izixhobo ezitshiphu, ungajonga kwiivenkile zombane ezikhethekileyo okanye kumaqonga afana neAmazon:

• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo.
• Ipakethi yeeyunithi ze-630 ze-electrolytic capacitors zamandla ahlukeneyo.
• Ikhithi ye-100 ye-MLCC yohlobo lwe-ceramic capacitors.
• I-10 i-polypropylene capacitors engekho-polarized.
• Iiyunithi ezingama-300 ze-high-voltage capacitors.
• I-4 i-electrolytic capacitors ephezulu yombane.