Un ifotodiode Yiyo icandelo elektroniki evelisa i-photocurrent xa ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni. Iifotodiode zisetyenziswa kwiiseli zelanga ze-photovoltaic kunye nakwiifoto zomda, izinzwa ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iimpawu zokukhanya, njengemiqondiso ye-optical okanye amaza erediyo. Iifotodiodes zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezingezizo zombane, ezifana ne-photolithography, esebenzisa izibuko ezincinci ukuzoba iipatheni kwii-wafers.
Kulo iiseli zelanga ze-photovoltaic, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwefotodiode lwenziwe ngesilicon. Kukho neefotodiodes ezenziwe ngezinye izinto, ezifana ne-gallium arsenide (GaAs), i-indium phosphide (InP), kunye ne-gallium nitride (GaN). Ezi zixhobo ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezithile. Iifotodiodes zihlala zenziwe ngokufaka i-doping impahla ye-semiconductor kunye nokugqithiswa kwabathwali. Ii-electron ezingaphezulu okanye imingxuma zivela kwi-doping agents ezongeziweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngaphezu koko, ilula ngaphakathi, kunye ne-pn junction apho elinye icala lihlawuliswa ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye elinye libi. Xa ukukhanya kubetha i-diode, kubangela ukuba ii-electron zihambe ziye kwicala elilungileyo kunye nemingxuma iye kwi-negative. Oku kuhlawulisa i-diode, ukudala i-photocurrent ephuma kwi-diode ukuya kwisekethe.
Usebenza njani?
Ifotodiode licandelo le-elektroniki eliguqula ukukhanya kube yimiqondiso yombane. Isetyenziswa kwiikhamera zedijithali nezinye izixhobo ezinjengeemicroscopes neeteleskopu.
Ndiyathetha isebenza ngokuguqula iifotoni zibe zii-electron ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect. Ifoton nganye yokukhanya inamandla, okubangela ukuba ii-electron zikhutshwe kwi-photodiode. Ezi electron ziqokelelwa kwi-capacitor, zenza umqondiso wombane ngokulinganayo kwiifotoni zokukhanya ezifunyenwe yi-photodiode. Iifotodiode zenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizinto ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon, i-gallium arsenide, okanye izixhobo ze-III-V. Iifotodiodes zingenziwa kwezinye izinto ezifana ne-germanium okanye i-indium phosphide, kodwa ezi zixhobo aziqhelekanga kune-silicon kunye ne-gallium arsenide.
Iifotodiodes zingasetyenziselwa ukubona ukukhanya kunye nobude obuvela kwi-wavelengths ukusuka kwi- ukukhanya okubonakalayo (400-700 nm) ukuya kwi-infrared (1-3 μm). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunciphisa iibhendi zokufunxa i-silicon, ukufumanisa i-infrared yamaza amade (> 4 μm) kunzima kwiifotodiodes. Ukongeza, iilaser ezinamandla zinokonakalisa izinzwa zesilicon ngenxa yokufudumeza okukhawulezayo okubangelwa kukukhanya kwelaser.
Usetyenziso lwePhotodiode
I-photodiode yahlukile kwi-a ukumelana ne-LDR, oko kukuthi, i-photoresistors okanye i-resistors ekukhanyeni ukukhanya. Kwimeko ye-photodiode, ikhawuleza kakhulu ngexesha lokuphendula, elivula iindlela ezintsha zokuyisebenzisa:
- Kwiisekethe zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zobumnyama okanye ukukhanya.
- abadlali CD ukufunda laser.
- iitshiphusi zamehlo.
- Kunxibelelwano lwefiber optic.
- Njl
Njengoko ubona, usetyenziso lwe-photodiode lubanzi, kwaye lusebenza ngcono kune-resistor ye-LDR kwimpendulo yayo. Ngoko ke, kukho izicelo ezininzi apho i-LDR ayiyi kusebenza kwaye i-photodiode.
Hlanganisa kunye neArduino
ukudibanisa ifotodiode enebhodi yeArduino, yinto nje yokudibanisa icandelo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubhala ikhowudi. Apha ndiza kukubonisa umzekelo, nangona ungayilungisa kwaye udale iiprojekthi ozifunayo. Ngokuphathelele uxhulumaniso, lulula kakhulu, kulo mzekelo siza kusebenzisa igalelo le-A1, oko kukuthi, i-analog, kodwa ungasebenzisa nayiphi na enye i-analog ukuba ukhetha. Kwaye enye iphini yefotodiode iya kudityaniswa ne-GND.
Ngokuphathelele ikhowudi, yile ilandelayo, i-snippet elula elula umlinganiselo wokukhanya kunye nefotodiode:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print();
}
void loop ()
{
int lightsensor = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = lightsensor * (5.0 / 1023.0);
Serial.print(voltage);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
}