I-GPIO: konke malunga neRaspberry Pi 4 kunye no-3 wonxibelelwano

I-Raspberry Pi 4 GPIO

Los Izikhonkwane zeGPIO zebhodi yeRaspberry Pi 4, 3, kunye nabanduleli bayo, banika ibhodi ye-SBC amandla afana nalawo anokuba nawo iArduino, kuba ngawo unokwenza iiprojekthi ezinomdla kakhulu ezilawulwa kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngekhowudi kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngePython.

Oko kwenza ukuba ibhodi ibe ngaphezulu kwekhompyuter enexabiso eliphantsi. Iya kukuvumela ukuba udibanise inkitha ye izinto zombane onokuyisebenzisa kunye neArduino, kodwa inokulawulwa kwakhona kwiPi. Kwesi sikhokelo ndiza kuzama ukukunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nezi zikhonkwane ze-GPIO ukuze uqale ukuzisebenzisa ...

Yintoni i-GPIO?

GPIO

GPIO sisifinyezo seNjongo yokuNgenisa / yokuPhuma, Oko kukuthi, ukuNgenisa / ukuPhuma kweNjongo. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter zinokuba nayo, ezinje ngeetshipsi ngokwazo okanye iibhodi ezithile zePCB ezinje ngale Raspberry Pi. Njengoko igama libonisa, zizikhonkwane ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kungoko ziyinjongo ngokubanzi kwaye ingezizo ezokusetyenziswa.

Iya kuba ngumsebenzisi ngexesha lokubaleka onako qwalasela ezi zikhonkwane ze-GPIO ukuze benze le nto ayifunayo. Kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeekhowudi ezithile okanye izikripthi ezivela kwikhonsoli okanye ngenkqubo yePython, yenye yezona ndlela zilula kunye nezona zikhethwayo ngenxa yemali onokukhetha ukuyenza.

Ngale ndlela, iRaspberry Pi ayinalo kuphela uthotho lwamazibuko kwaye indawo yokuhlangana ukunxibelelana nezixhobo ezininzi ezisemgangathweni, kodwa yongeza ezi zikhonkwane zeGPIO ukuze ukwazi ukongeza ezinye izixhobo zombane okanye iiprojekthi zomenzi ozenzileyo. Ngendlela efanayo oya kuthi ngayo ngeArduino kunye nezikhonkwane zayo ze-I / O zolawulo.

Y ayikhethi kuphela iArduino okanye iRaspberry Pi, yenza nezinye iibhodi ze-SBC ezifanayo kunye neemveliso ezingaphakathi.

Imisebenzi ye-GPIO

Kwaye phakathi IIMPAWU zakhe ezibalaseleyo:

  • Ba no kukwazi iqulunqwe kakhulu njengegalelo njengemveliso. Banobubini njengoko kusenzeka kwabo Arduino.
  • Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO nazo inokusebenza kwaye ingasebenzi ngekhowudi. Oko kukuthi, zinokuseta kwi-1 (inqanaba lamandla ombane) okanye i-0 (inqanaba levolthi ephantsi).
  • Ewe banako funda idatha yokubini, Njengalezo kunye noziro, oko kukuthi, uphawu lwevolthi okanye ukungabikho kwayo.
  • Iziphumo zokuphuma Ukufunda nokubhala.
  • Ixabiso lokufaka linokuqwalaselwa kwezinye iimeko njenge zi ganeko ukuze bavelise uhlobo oluthile lwentshukumo ebhodini okanye kwinkqubo. Ezinye iinkqubo ezigxunyekwe zizisebenzisa njengee-IRQ. Elinye ityala kukuqwalasela ukuba xa enye okanye izikhonkwane ezingaphezulu zisebenza ngabenzi boluvo abathile, yenza isenzo ...
  • Ngokubhekisele kumandla ombane kunye nokuqina, kufuneka ubazi kakuhle ubuninzi bamandla amkelekileyo ebhodini, kule meko iRaspberry Pi 4 okanye i3. Akufanele ubadlulise ukunqanda ukuyonakalisa.

Ngendlela, xa iqela lezikhonkwane ze-GPIO lihlanganisiwe, njengoko kunjalo ngeRaspberry Pi, iqela laziwa njenge Izibuko le-GPIO.

Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO zePaspberry Pi

I-Raspberry Pi GPIO

Isikimu sisebenza kwinguqulo 4, 3, Zero

Entsha Iibhodi zeRaspberry Pi 4 kunye nohlobo 3 Baxhotyiswe inani elikhulu lezikhonkwane ze-GPIO. Ayizizo zonke iinguqulelo ezibonelela ngesixa esifanayo, kwaye azibalwanga ngendlela efanayo, ke kuya kufuneka ulumke ngale nto ukuze ukwazi ukwenza unxibelelwano ngokwemodeli kunye nohlaziyo onalo.

Kodwa yintoni enye generic ziindidi ze-GPIO onokuyifumana kwizibuko leebhodi zeRaspberry Pi. Kwaye iya kuba yinto yokuqala endifuna ukuyenza icace, kuba ngale ndlela uyazi iintlobo zezikhonkwane unokuthembela kwiiprojekthi zakho:

  • Ukutya: ezi zikhonkwane zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iintambo zombane okanye iintambo zombane kwiiprojekthi zakho zombane. Zihambelana nezikhonkwane ezifanayo nezo zikwibhodi yeArduino, kwaye zibonelela ngee-voltage ze-5v kunye ne-3v3 (3.3v inikwe umda kwi-50mA umthwalo). Ukongeza, uya kufumana umhlaba (GND okanye uMhlaba). Ukuba awusebenzisi imithombo yamandla yangaphandle enjengeebhetri, okanye iiadaptha, ezi zikhonkwane zinokuba luncedo olukhulu ekunikezeleni amandla isekethe yakho.
  • I-DNC (Musa Ukunxibelelana): Zizikhonkwane ezikwezinye iinguqulelo kwaye azisebenzi, kodwa kwiibhodi ezintsha banikwe enye injongo. Uya kuzifumana kuphela kwiimodeli zokuqala zePi. Kwi-3 kunye ne-4 entsha baya kuphawulwa njenge-GND ngokubanzi, bekwazi ukudibanisa kwiqela elidlulileyo.
  • Izikhonkwane okulungiselelwe: ziyi-GPIO eqhelekileyo, kwaye zinokucwangciswa ngeekhowudi njengoko ndiza kuchaza kamva ukwenza le nto uyifunayo.
  • Izikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo: Olu luqhagamshelo olwenzelwe unxibelelwano olukhethekileyo okanye unxibelelwano olunjenge-UART, i-TXD kunye ne-RXD ye-serial, njl., Njengo-Arduino. Ungafumana ezinye ezinje nge-SDA, SCL, MOSI, MISO, SCLK, CE0, CE1, njl. Bavelele phakathi kwabo:
    • PWM, Enga lawula ububanzi bokubetha njengoko sibonile kwinqaku elidlulileyo. Kwi-Raspberry Pi 3 kunye ne-4 ziyi-GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO18 kunye ne-GPIO19.
    • I-SPI lolunye ujongano lonxibelelwano endikhe ndaxoxa ngalo kwelinye inqaku. Kwimeko yeebhodi ezintsha zeepini ezingama-40, zizikhonkwane (ezinamajelo onxibelelwano ahlukeneyo njengoko ubona):
      • I-SPI0: MOSI (GPIO10), MISO (GPIO9), SCLK (GPIO11), CE0 (GPIO8), CE1 (GPIO7)
      • I-SPI1: UMOSI (GPIO20); IMISO (GPIO19); I-SCLK (GPIO21); I-CE0 (GPIO18); I-CE1 (GPIO17); I-CE2 (GPIO16)
    • I2C Olunye unxibelelwano endikhe ndaluchaza kule blog. Le bhasi yenziwe ngumqondiso wedatha (GPIO2) kunye newashi (GPIO3). Ukongeza kwi-EEPROM Idatha (GPIO0) kunye ne-EEPROM Clock (GPIO1).
    • Uthotho, olunye unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye ne-TX (GPIO14) kunye ne-RX (GPIO15) izikhonkwane ezinjengezo unokuzifumana ebhodini Arduino UNO.

Khumbula ukuba ii-GPIOs zijongano phakathi kweRaspberry Pi kunye nehlabathi langaphandle, kodwa banalo ukusikelwa umda kwayo, ingakumbi umbane. Into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukuze ungonakalisi ibhodi kukukhumbula ukuba ezi zikhonkwane ze-GPIO zihlala zingafakwanga, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesikhombisi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanalo ukhuseleko, ke kuya kufuneka ujonge ubungakanani bevolthi kunye nokuqina okusetyenzisiweyo ukuze ungagqibi ngeplate engenamsebenzi ...

Umahluko we-GPIO phakathi kweenguqulelo

Izikhonkwane ezindala zeRaspberry Pi GPIO

Njengoko benditshilo, ayizizo zonke iimodeli ezifanayo izikhonkwaneNayi eminye imizobo ukuze ubone umohluko phakathi kweemodeli kwaye ke ukwazi ukubanakho ukugxila kwiRaspberry Pi 4 kunye ne-3, ezona zintsha kunye nezo usenokuba unazo. Iyahluka phakathi (lonke iqela ngokwabelana ngezikhonkwane ezifanayo):

  • I-Raspberry Pi 1 Imodeli B Rev 1.0, ene-pin-26 eyahluke kancinane kwi-Rev2.
  • I-Raspberry Pi 1 Imodeli A kunye no-B Rev 2.0, zombini iimodeli ezine-pin-26.
  • I-Rapsberry Pi Model A +, B +, 2B, 3B, 3B +, Zero kunye neZero W, kunye neemodeli ezi-4 Zonke zinesihloko se-40-pin GPIO.

Yintoni endinokuyifaka kwi-GPIOs?

Umnqwazi wePaspberry Pi

Awuyi kukwazi kuphela qhagamshela izixhobo zombane njengaye Abaguquleli, Ukufuma / ubushushu boluvo, Thermistors, Iimoto ezihamba ngaphandle, iiglowubhunjl. Unokudibanisa izinto okanye iimodyuli ezenziwe ngokukodwa kwiRaspberry Pi kwaye wandise amandla ebhodi ngaphaya kwento ebandakanyiweyo kwisiseko.

Ndibhekisa kwezidumileyo iminqwazi okanye iminqwazi kunye neepleyiti onokuzifumana kwimarike. Zininzi iindidi, ukusuka kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukulawula iimoto ngabaqhubi, ukuya kwabanye ukwenza Iqela lekhompyuthange Iphaneli ye-LED ilawulwa, ukongeza Amandla e-TV ye-DVB, Isikrini seLCD, Njl

Le minqwazi okanye iminqwazi Zibekwe kwibhodi yePaspberry Pi, ukuthelekisa ii-GPIOs eziyimfuneko ukuze isebenze. Ke ngoko, indibano yayo ilula kwaye iyakhawuleza. Ewe kunjalo, qiniseka ngohlobo lweplate oluhambelana nomnqwazi ngamnye, kuba izibuko le-GPIO lahlukile njengoko ubonile ...

Ndiyitsho le nto ukuba unepleyiti endala, kuba iminqwazi iyahambelana kuphela entsha. Njengoko iRaspberry Pi Model A +, B +, 2, 3, kunye no-4.

Intshayelelo yokusebenzisa i-GPIO kwi-Raspberry Pi

Ukuphuma komyalelo wokukhupha

Umthombo: Raspberry Pi

Ukuqala, kwiRaspbian, unokuvula ikhonsoli kunye nohlobo umthetho isikhonkwaneOko iya kubuyela kuwe ngumfanekiso kwi-terminal kunye nezikhonkwane ze-GPIO ezikhoyo ebhodini lakho kunye nokuba yeyiphi nganye. Into esebenzayo ukuba uhlale unayo ngalo mzuzu womsebenzi ukuze ungabhideki.

Iprojekthi yokuqala: ukukhanyisa i-LED ngee-GPIOs

I-GPIO ene-LED kwiRaspberry Pi

Eyona ndlela isisiseko yokwenza uhlobo lwe "Molo mhlaba" ngee-GPIOs Kukusebenzisa i-LED elula edityaniswe kwizikhonkwane zeRaspberry Pi ukuze ubone ukuba zisebenza njani. Kule meko, ndiye ndayidibanisa ne-GND kunye nenye ukuze ndi-pin 17, nangona ungakhetha enye yezikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo ...

Nje ukuba uqhagamshelwe, unako balawule ukusuka kwiRaspbian ukusebenzisa i-terminal. Kwi-Linux, iifayile ezithile zisetyenziswa njengaleyo ikwi / sys / iklasi / gpio / ulawulo. Umzekelo, ukwenza ifayile enesakhiwo esifunekayo ukuqala ukusebenza:

echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/export

Emva koko unako qwalasela njengegalelo (ngaphakathi) okanye njengesiphumo (ngaphandle) loo pin 17 ikhethelwe umzekelo wethu. Ungayenza ngokulula ngoku:

echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/direction

Kule meko njengokuphuma, kuba sifuna ukuthumela ukubetha kombane kwi-LED ukuyivula, kodwa ukuba bekusisenzi senzwa, njlnjl. Ngoku for vula (1) okanye ucime (0) I-LED ongayisebenzisa:

echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value
echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value

Ukuba ufuna ukudlulela kwenye iprojekthi kwaye cima ukungena yenziwe, ungayenza ngale ndlela:

echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport

Ngendlela, unokuqokelela yonke imiyalelo eyimfuneko yeprojekthi yakho, njengazo zonke ezidlulileyo, zigcine kuhlobo lwefayile Iscript esibhaliweyo kwaye emva koko uzibalele inyanda ngaxeshanye, endaweni yokuchwetheza nganye nganye. Oku kuluncedo xa uphinda umthambo omnye amaxesha amaninzi, ke awunyanzelekanga ukuba uphinde ubhale. Baleka uhambe. Umzekelo:

nano led.sh

#!/bin/bash
source gpio 
gpio mode 17 out
while true; do 
gpio write 17 1 
sleep 1.3 
gpio write 17 0 
sleep 1.3 done

Nje ukuba ugqibile, uyonga kwaye emva koko unokukunika ukuphumeza ngokufanelekileyo nokwenza iimvume iskripthi ukuze i-LED ivule, linda imizuzwana eyi-1.3 kwaye ucime ngoluhlobo kwiluphu ...

chmod +x led.sh
./led.sh

Inkqubo kwangaphambili

ikhowudi yemithombo yolwimi

Ngokucacileyo oku kungasentla kusebenza kwiiprojekthi ezincinci ze-elektroniki ezinamacandelo ambalwa, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukwenza into ehambele phambili, endaweni yemiyalelo, onokuyisebenzisa yile ngeelwimi ukwenza izikripthi ezahlukeneyo okanye iikhowudi zemithombo ezisebenzisayo.

Zingasetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo Inkqubo, ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Amathala eencwadi aphuhliswe luluntu enza izinto zibe lula kuwe, ezinje ngeWiringPi, sysfs, pigpio, njl. Iinkqubo zinokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka kwiPython, lolukhetho olunqwenelekayo lwabaninzi, ngeRuby, Java, Perl, BASIC, kunye neC #.

Ngokusemthethweni, i-Raspberry Pi ikunika amaziko amaninzi ukucwangcisa ii-GPIOs zakho, ezinje:

  • Khangela, kwabo bangaziyo inkqubo kunye nokufuna ukusebenzisa iibhloko zepuzzle zale projekthi nayo enokuthi i-Arduino yenziwe nayo, njl. Ukudwelisa ngeebhloko zegraphic kuyinto enomdla kwaye iluncedo kakhulu kwicandelo lezemfundo.
  • Python: Olu lwimi lutolikwa ngokulula lukuvumela ukuba wenze iikhowudi ezilula nezinamandla, ngobuninzi bamathala eencwadi onawo ukwenza phantse yonke into oyicingayo.
  • C / C ++ / C #: zinamandla ngakumbi kwiilwimi zokuprinta ukwenza ii-binaries zokunxibelelana nee-GPIOs. Ungayenza ngeendlela ezininzi, usebenzisa ifom esemgangathweni okanye ujongano lwekernel kwilayibrarimzantsiweb, kodwa kwithala leencwadi lomntu wesithathu njenge ngulube.
  • Ukuqhubekeka3, Efana neArduino.

Khetha ngokuguqukayo eyona uyithandayo okanye ucinga ukuba ilula.


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  1.   Utshaba sitsho

    Inqaku elihle kakhulu malunga nokuqalisa kwiRasperry

    1.    UIsake sitsho

      Ndiyabonga kakhulu

      1.    URuth Medina sitsho

        ungumbhali?

        1.    UIsake sitsho

          Ewe